The severe drought-flood abrupt alternation event over the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin in summer 2024: Sequential impacts of Barents Sea ice and North Atlantic sea surface temperature

The severe drought-flood abrupt alternation event over the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin in summer 2024: Sequential impacts of Barents Sea ice and North Atlantic sea surface temperature | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The severe drought-flood abrupt alternation event over the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin in summer 2024: Sequential impacts of Barents Sea ice and North Atlantic sea surface temperature Qinxin Wang, Lijuan Wang, Zhihong Jiang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8510356/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Based on the monthly ERA5 and other reanalysis data from 1980 to 2024, this study investigates the physical mechanisms by which Barents Sea ice and the North Atlantic Tripolar (NAT) jointly drive drought-flood abrupt alternations (DFAAs) over the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin (HHB) during June and July, and discusses how they contribute to the record-breaking DFAA in summer 2024. The key results are as follows: Excessive Barents Sea ice in April can persist until June, triggering upper-level Rossby wave trains via sea ice-atmosphere coupling, which leads to the anomalous anticyclone over northern China alongside a barotropic cyclone over the East China Sea. This process blocks the transportation of cold air and moisture, inducing drought in the HHB. Concurrently, the spring NAT anomalies can persist into July, stimulating upper-level Rossby wave trains that generate the anticyclone over central China, promoting upward atmospheric motion. Additionally, positive tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) associated with the NAT trigger equatorial Rossby wave trains, leading to the Pacific-Japan pattern (PJ) conducive to enhanced precipitation over the HHB. The drought induced by above-average sea ice is predominantly confined to June, whereas the NAT-driven rainfall primarily occurs in July. The sequential influence finally results in DFAAs over the HHB. Notably, in 2024, Barents Sea ice and the NAT attained their second-highest recorded levels since the onset of the 21st century and 1980, respectively, thereby contributing to the unprecedented DFAA in the HHB. Drought-flood abrupt alternation event Huanghe-Huaihe Basin Barents Sea ice North Atlantic Ocean Rossby wave trains Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major Revision 05 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 08 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 03 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8510356","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":573602183,"identity":"2e14f215-208c-4f0f-8d0d-a3e9e49826e5","order_by":0,"name":"Qinxin Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACGx5+9sbGhx9I0JImJ9lzuNlYggQth40NZqS3CfAQo9bg+NnDL962HU7cIPmwjUGCwU5Ot4GQljN5aZZzzqQnbpdObHtQwJBsbHaAgBazAzlmxjwV1ok7Zye2G0gwHEjcRlDL+TdALQbMiRtuHmyT4CFKy40c48c8Fc7GBjcYidRif+ONGeOcM6BATgQGsgERfpHszzH+8LYNFJXHHz78UGEnR1ALELBJIKLDgLByEGD+QFQMjoJRMApGwcgFAKFVRZGDDmmXAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0671-191X","institution":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qinxin","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":573602184,"identity":"358590d7-c007-4cb8-a7ea-3dad8f90a104","order_by":1,"name":"Lijuan Wang","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2599-6858","institution":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lijuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":573602185,"identity":"5e585929-ea02-4e2c-9932-73adb042da38","order_by":2,"name":"Zhihong Jiang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhihong","middleName":"","lastName":"Jiang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-04 05:07:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8510356/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8510356/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100254570,"identity":"f31d4549-46df-421e-bb5e-885b9f14b211","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:20","extension":"png","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":784657,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/f2e69b5d14d57f5c8fff22d6.png"},{"id":100254571,"identity":"f54e0409-0796-429c-a8a3-937c7d98b229","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:20","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2654272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/9894617b680677b45ae259d3.png"},{"id":100254572,"identity":"85ab01d0-9679-4410-8c24-05165f831d9d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:20","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":892041,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/c05a89839a6b907137d2a0d3.png"},{"id":100372190,"identity":"1603e622-22d2-47b3-b9fe-338762889d2d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:49","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1672906,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/e9c1711fc4a33c9812aebe92.png"},{"id":100372284,"identity":"7a1178a5-dcde-4962-9697-9a2a9777f82b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:55","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3760866,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/dc1a63b1e5edc905759a3b6d.png"},{"id":100371505,"identity":"4611fb2c-ecb4-4e11-bd57-0b87868f24b2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:25","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2883285,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/8871b0b79aaa5de717245112.png"},{"id":100254577,"identity":"0c40d711-9ca4-4a25-8a77-7d3ca0a6ed02","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:20","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2744606,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/734bac0368a6129a2e0850cb.png"},{"id":100372188,"identity":"545dd1f7-be33-49ee-a2ff-4c1315d15b09","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:49","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2155959,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/104dc2595aff077ec1b1e98d.png"},{"id":100254574,"identity":"f5e80e9a-ea6c-4d89-b117-7f8adcc27f3c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:20","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1142372,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/58b7e90909009a18a282fb19.png"},{"id":100254583,"identity":"3014108b-5f94-4d26-b38a-c271d711a69a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":767537,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/a115b770c1f07d1dc25dc0e3.png"},{"id":100254578,"identity":"ddf46fcb-abcf-4666-88f2-90293ba087ff","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:20","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1950578,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/86f4a24ea9250667f69b25de.png"},{"id":100254580,"identity":"3fc87e59-6c5a-4c8e-8408-b5b11c69b656","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:20","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":993212,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/d8985b2116d6dbdb4a4f9974.png"},{"id":100254593,"identity":"1b9eced2-518d-4a80-95da-79ea58433167","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":869916,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/59f83f2948d45e1a9b97be62.png"},{"id":100372443,"identity":"3df2ebfa-6f06-4354-9ede-fed7b26747e2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:12:24","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":700451,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/86d57ec794ab317c7c86acf2.png"},{"id":100371727,"identity":"327acf51-1443-484f-8ee5-6b00923f4597","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:45","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1888684,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/f8667ab9399d1e5d3977a1f2.png"},{"id":100254582,"identity":"b05f6a72-e3f3-421e-b2b9-b13834664568","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:20","extension":"xml","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9459,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"cldyCLDYD2600011.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/58a969255dee556a33c5466a.xml"},{"id":100254591,"identity":"1d15205a-abb1-4bcc-a373-e01be32777c7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"xml","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1442,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CLDYD260001123357.go.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/1cd02a9c232ea845c4008710.xml"},{"id":100372315,"identity":"d2fe4f12-ee10-44ab-a13f-93aa826bad07","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:58","extension":"xml","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":866,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CLDYD2600011Import.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/5b7a94bb5bd7f8f607b4b33b.xml"},{"id":100254607,"identity":"49cc5eaa-1a04-4da1-a1eb-9b724a34cb48","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"xml","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":139725,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CLDYD26000110enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/6dbe31db30e88098a93c9165.xml"},{"id":100254584,"identity":"476839fb-40d3-4b03-b31b-d8ead90bc016","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":784657,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/a26af1de5ec34cad8e16c85e.png"},{"id":100254599,"identity":"10a74882-d40f-4e25-905d-f92b96821a71","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2654272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/4a301edb5878546e3d696003.png"},{"id":100254588,"identity":"6857fc8e-2e40-438e-a96a-a6ba6618b5b1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":892041,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/69e744c3a3cadac220e06956.png"},{"id":100254603,"identity":"961046e4-c0f9-4573-acc6-d4c787535699","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1672906,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/23fae525babb8957e04abd66.png"},{"id":100371591,"identity":"70354261-a422-4cb2-9ff4-d037320e23a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:34","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3760866,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/9028f01730e77b3729967e3c.png"},{"id":100254608,"identity":"2cbf4ba2-45a6-4728-9d92-1b72f67a3285","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2883285,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/3c83707c8f8e99f3ffddf375.png"},{"id":100254612,"identity":"dc43c96c-461d-4795-98f8-17368217c643","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2744606,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/36b1926e0055cdd243653cf2.png"},{"id":100254611,"identity":"77855fae-945e-4d4b-9fc7-3126e4e394c3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2155959,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/5e613f993cf4606ae60208b3.png"},{"id":100254585,"identity":"7e51357f-b617-4ed0-a0d0-ace065883d1c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1142372,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/37e3ce9482db582973458810.png"},{"id":100370914,"identity":"4cae223d-7b2c-4a75-92e7-fb222e4feb2b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:08:59","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":767537,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/1c228ce891f3581896676c39.png"},{"id":100254601,"identity":"bca1fd2c-3361-46ea-b4d4-eb1e47215075","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1950578,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/7ae4593ad9bbcec74f9859fd.png"},{"id":100372342,"identity":"82ff2ac7-00aa-4a58-b992-2f607ef8578b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:12:04","extension":"png","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":993212,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/4dcffa933b4da8cf51e72ec0.png"},{"id":100254613,"identity":"7d3dbfd8-972b-44f0-be45-b651225ffa67","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":869916,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/4b4430d0cfb9450249b357f6.png"},{"id":100372430,"identity":"edde5b8d-854f-4322-947d-419d3f1e9412","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:12:22","extension":"png","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":700451,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/6cd03cde3567c811897fd90f.png"},{"id":100372002,"identity":"0ffc9319-fd06-4f67-a512-166fae54a61e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:20","extension":"png","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1888684,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/5d1362fdcbf5aeb5642ee133.png"},{"id":100254589,"identity":"a792dc6c-c608-46be-ae1d-1b7df5f8876d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":784657,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/99a98fa05f78fe0fd6d3fcfd.png"},{"id":100370851,"identity":"0ba3ebcb-c2a5-4313-9ddf-8a2a116a177a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:08:36","extension":"png","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2654272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/4b244d523a46dec5b214b182.png"},{"id":100371743,"identity":"416ccdc7-43d2-44fd-beac-d9ce1b8dd54a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:48","extension":"png","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":892041,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/17450992633bac2a69aedec6.png"},{"id":100371778,"identity":"fac9c756-89c9-46d1-9951-c6d968ba32d9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:53","extension":"png","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1672906,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/dff79dcb594ac3e5bdebb767.png"},{"id":100371795,"identity":"021925fb-8dd2-4e23-a5b7-64d8a239a770","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:56","extension":"png","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3760866,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/454f3e98c03244964616d886.png"},{"id":100371812,"identity":"0d87d47e-1141-4a16-950e-742d58d3718f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:56","extension":"png","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2883285,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/08fbddcecd7edd8f21c570e4.png"},{"id":100254605,"identity":"23ade1a1-c3f9-4fcd-8e46-66dbbaef4428","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":41,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2744606,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/59096fd31904bc69dcbbb71c.png"},{"id":100254594,"identity":"b94de31e-ed27-4e0b-9f55-440d4f872ade","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":42,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2155959,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/22452fffd1eb731a84c2bc0a.png"},{"id":100254615,"identity":"cca610de-a56d-4c89-9c3f-c9fe992d8cfd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":43,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1142372,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/1f7c503f20823fe83d03f79f.png"},{"id":100372434,"identity":"b441e7f4-ef8b-47ed-825d-b9b503cd0270","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:12:23","extension":"png","order_by":44,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":767537,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/eb47a858357aee72b3739841.png"},{"id":100371717,"identity":"5e4c0600-9076-4512-89a0-b81d7eb3601a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:44","extension":"png","order_by":45,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1950578,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/4d8ed43a8baa4177eeb0c390.png"},{"id":100254614,"identity":"a23392d0-8c9a-47ea-a077-710680581b49","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":46,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":993212,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/b21d2e32d74194f164418714.png"},{"id":100379992,"identity":"abdc0fff-cb27-41e1-a4bc-771fb987a293","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 10:01:44","extension":"png","order_by":47,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":869916,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/a1a076da0b5141da07e625a3.png"},{"id":100254606,"identity":"3c0a95ff-75d9-4d89-9b56-9994cb44adea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":48,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":700451,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/015692faf60d221918ebb116.png"},{"id":100254596,"identity":"bd72528d-5ff9-4323-b29d-3d390856f2de","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:21","extension":"png","order_by":49,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1888684,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/8baa3e71d1f6f15991a65e5d.png"},{"id":100254640,"identity":"3a40f2f0-b35f-412b-97b0-9bf3e7c5e842","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"wmf","order_by":50,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9010,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image1.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/8d57d58b4a9aeb12ac128a63.wmf"},{"id":100372329,"identity":"ba4802c9-353b-490f-a4ed-41c76d1b836e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:12:03","extension":"wmf","order_by":51,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1046,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image10.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/b65cb89b8f4bc7a7c38c49fe.wmf"},{"id":100371733,"identity":"da788f55-18d7-4fdf-9fc1-360a18e9ca59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:46","extension":"wmf","order_by":52,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":672,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image11.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/7a5fd40ffbe8c6237df08893.wmf"},{"id":100372390,"identity":"ff818b22-9940-43e8-adc1-ca0ff9b236aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:12:14","extension":"wmf","order_by":53,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1766,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image12.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/57b49e84def97116891b80e1.wmf"},{"id":100371836,"identity":"ab1958ff-d2c1-46f9-a49e-b8956aae17e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:02","extension":"wmf","order_by":54,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1064,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image2.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/612a4ca997160b73373c09c3.wmf"},{"id":100371396,"identity":"d6481a33-5b29-46a3-985c-df9694d3c54e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:09:58","extension":"wmf","order_by":55,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":798,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image3.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/2c4c50cf86d68b0d54f98ff5.wmf"},{"id":100254633,"identity":"7e0d3560-76ec-469c-9db8-0e34b9f63c5f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"wmf","order_by":56,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1680,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image4.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/a6b057e6877975c1438243af.wmf"},{"id":100372272,"identity":"e3ea2cc1-3a14-4c30-9d0a-6d64c4e51f56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:54","extension":"wmf","order_by":57,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2100,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image5.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/98ce7f092aa9896c92241dbd.wmf"},{"id":100254646,"identity":"ef0b4598-c4d9-427d-ba9f-573ae8c60afd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"wmf","order_by":58,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2754,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image6.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/8e16224f807e2b37f2cf8f7d.wmf"},{"id":100254619,"identity":"8543cd93-d054-4f20-8306-d25c0cf3038d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"wmf","order_by":59,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":986,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image7.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/a9bb2488c663b08e40681a11.wmf"},{"id":100254621,"identity":"a1189a8b-0efb-46b3-93ee-5127e45c2a4a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"wmf","order_by":60,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8814,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image8.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/5c29dfea4f13acc294cfae23.wmf"},{"id":100372041,"identity":"1f785390-a8cc-4656-aedd-704a5fe47db8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:28","extension":"wmf","order_by":61,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10720,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image9.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/3a3460663c4421c067774d0a.wmf"},{"id":100371135,"identity":"11e812b4-be8a-4901-9bde-930f6d57ab07","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:09:30","extension":"png","order_by":62,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":249231,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/77abc955d8177c7141870512.png"},{"id":100254649,"identity":"1d3fd8f2-88c2-47cd-8727-0dcf52d019cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":63,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":528650,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/e621bd2bba7d4686120464ba.png"},{"id":100371935,"identity":"f9378e9f-dd86-4748-9c79-2f6bede944db","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:15","extension":"png","order_by":64,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":195034,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/b24c8d2a77f06f2ea963e882.png"},{"id":100370835,"identity":"40395909-3fe9-4323-a85a-db1ea0d1bd47","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:08:32","extension":"png","order_by":65,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":418994,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/d77121f7225e623e3b7761fb.png"},{"id":100372428,"identity":"af12e1ee-8525-41ef-9a75-67f3e8bbb515","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:12:21","extension":"png","order_by":66,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":753915,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/b4a2bb03e94943f038111771.png"},{"id":100254653,"identity":"4e778eac-5451-44fb-a39f-7e2dcb876c0b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":67,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":503616,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/a3e17d23fedbad4b959db66d.png"},{"id":100254652,"identity":"31ba8b7a-fc07-4aa1-a1c0-ee154e08913d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":68,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":489503,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/44ab27dad71e4a781659ec19.png"},{"id":100371389,"identity":"1d0efa2a-b5e1-44f9-9826-724055ec265d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":69,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":474027,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/811604e2b68cd80f7f97fcc1.png"},{"id":100379987,"identity":"9e0b77e8-bf4c-4a24-b90f-ce687d5775b2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 10:01:21","extension":"png","order_by":70,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":232424,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/ce2a5ffc1e048de700d07644.png"},{"id":100254627,"identity":"9ff53a18-7a27-473c-b4e4-f46cb0b068a8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":71,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":165526,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/f0b85450933a04a6ba724aae.png"},{"id":100371948,"identity":"ec436326-d2e9-4875-a263-7ace78fc36df","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:15","extension":"png","order_by":72,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":429659,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/4ae2c11854d97fd7e3e7e4ff.png"},{"id":100254662,"identity":"e85754e6-62b2-4d78-80bb-5b24bfa1ea6e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:23","extension":"png","order_by":73,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":218998,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/2a32e876ba69e060c93ff481.png"},{"id":100254631,"identity":"5b8cebfb-5ec9-4aa8-bcac-ddcba27c778e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":74,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":204950,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/ec45fadcc8c24ff79c6be2c3.png"},{"id":100370710,"identity":"6308dc3d-8deb-4ada-8034-ce9b49b4d90b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:07:32","extension":"png","order_by":75,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":159173,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/ea85555547e839f68f44a8aa.png"},{"id":100371140,"identity":"82319f27-dd12-4bc8-9812-40bc6a00e861","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:09:32","extension":"png","order_by":76,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":461828,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/8a161cc6fd1287b55cd99c1b.png"},{"id":100254626,"identity":"090b5c57-3394-47bc-9abb-3658a0019a77","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":77,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":249231,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/9f9555c5727e5e1065c64b5a.png"},{"id":100372045,"identity":"7fbccae3-40e9-4957-8720-745551bc42ac","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:29","extension":"png","order_by":78,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":528650,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/90d4f180fd6b3b1e88efe568.png"},{"id":100371794,"identity":"eda1117c-260b-4a0b-9215-051ccc3baff6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:56","extension":"png","order_by":79,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":195034,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/0edcb41ea5372cc27089d8ef.png"},{"id":100372044,"identity":"81825645-7ae5-49c3-a6e3-63643b8d05d5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:28","extension":"png","order_by":80,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":418994,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/cd4f2c83e4b065f7b0b8c3a5.png"},{"id":100371960,"identity":"c5ce1818-d72b-4b02-a7e4-04c4d1e9a05d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:18","extension":"png","order_by":81,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":753915,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/08de9902c944533c672fb81f.png"},{"id":100254672,"identity":"4ace4e81-e4af-459d-8095-ba5402179ff8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:23","extension":"png","order_by":82,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":503616,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/3a85f3ad1f4be8d9d3ca6f70.png"},{"id":100372363,"identity":"bd918e74-ed6d-4ce4-8cb8-6d92d5f85290","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:12:08","extension":"png","order_by":83,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":489503,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/c94c080b9ed3bdd1aa46e434.png"},{"id":100372227,"identity":"c48cba46-8076-46bc-a5db-c9df0a76d7b0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:52","extension":"png","order_by":84,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":474027,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/f602a7814df61bda628693b6.png"},{"id":100254635,"identity":"6d088d22-459e-46da-bbbe-cfe22e9cd84a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":85,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":232424,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/8293759bfb7c8ae9db56ea6a.png"},{"id":100254651,"identity":"0685203e-e1ea-4efc-a146-10bffd50d8b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":86,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":165526,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/963b6cdb220db30c8b76f467.png"},{"id":100371394,"identity":"efaa3110-82f1-46ac-9906-2e3311401c50","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":87,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":429659,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/cc8aac44af05161b5ac6c02a.png"},{"id":100370511,"identity":"ebbe261c-36a3-4c6e-9cfb-95a146c39ed3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:06:11","extension":"png","order_by":88,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":218998,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/ce864ca635133dfed6288dfe.png"},{"id":100254647,"identity":"e8ec28a0-adcd-47d6-921c-e373ef9805b3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":89,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":204950,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/71ff89961f0dc14abfeccbdf.png"},{"id":100254623,"identity":"9da833da-2947-4ada-8687-395f850c04eb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":90,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":159173,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/e3780d099fca182c72d59116.png"},{"id":100371942,"identity":"181ae66f-ed86-43ad-a1c6-8a5901cc100c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:15","extension":"png","order_by":91,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":461828,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/2135d781592d2b1b853bcfc3.png"},{"id":100254658,"identity":"fe7fc368-3c5e-4b02-aaa1-27f06b6f8ebb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:23","extension":"png","order_by":92,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1099,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/754d0a47bed33e8051744e91.png"},{"id":100254656,"identity":"f7ec7ac3-0789-4787-966f-763fde63b7cc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:23","extension":"png","order_by":93,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":208,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/ffdb6fef0833dfef0a283e85.png"},{"id":100370889,"identity":"e7d63cc0-69de-4f81-a44f-79b7b8cafd43","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:08:55","extension":"png","order_by":94,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":201,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/2503d05608517d96efa2709e.png"},{"id":100254641,"identity":"a0feb1a6-dca0-4892-a90e-b8f4ec01388c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":95,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":294,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/63667aec3f5b0696e01a7253.png"},{"id":100254643,"identity":"81af3b57-ff1c-4b92-a436-c742fd3d277c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:22","extension":"png","order_by":96,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":215,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/f942f83babed6f7a53305ab2.png"},{"id":100371807,"identity":"4ef7abf9-bfed-4e0b-9038-d0597c834bf7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:10:56","extension":"png","order_by":97,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":208,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/e04aa0e3877e9af4234d200d.png"},{"id":100371850,"identity":"99baa492-f371-4814-8a77-91baa3c51fa8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:07","extension":"png","order_by":98,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":296,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/f7bdd2e94dea0f257b649b8a.png"},{"id":100254675,"identity":"4bbd2847-fef9-4a93-9bb0-5b2e38e2b669","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:23","extension":"png","order_by":99,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":424,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/b90ace46f6c4ab19887897d9.png"},{"id":100254663,"identity":"2c4207f8-6d4b-4d53-90a8-7cf386e92d94","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:23","extension":"png","order_by":100,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":370,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/ab392a9fb2f1c6b8723f1a95.png"},{"id":100372056,"identity":"80b51771-4c75-44cb-95ad-ce316217c2f9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 08:11:30","extension":"png","order_by":101,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":193,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/3a58d4685c7d3f92bb0c93e5.png"},{"id":100254667,"identity":"ac801262-f773-473b-b203-2fc654a0fd83","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:23","extension":"png","order_by":102,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":880,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/607a8ba277a6e3c57097853a.png"},{"id":100254666,"identity":"3a204c5d-959d-4f5e-acd5-2c23c25b5547","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:23","extension":"png","order_by":103,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1317,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/97cc433b88ef8e3ff73c210c.png"},{"id":100254668,"identity":"4821be7c-1221-4966-b510-9caae1bafa48","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:23","extension":"xml","order_by":104,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":138475,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CLDYD26000110structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/4a571fc7dcd5dbb08f5822b7.xml"},{"id":100254659,"identity":"9bf87197-5c33-4c39-903e-6b72c338cb3f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-14 15:41:23","extension":"html","order_by":105,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":151735,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1/433500864cd3ff74a08203da.html"},{"id":100392765,"identity":"f96491f9-00a8-4bb1-bcda-8cda5cc177bb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 11:28:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2049082,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8510356/v1_covered_f4ae2547-d4fa-43ca-8186-82fee9832939.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"The severe drought-flood abrupt alternation event over the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin in summer 2024: Sequential impacts of Barents Sea ice and North Atlantic sea surface temperature","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"climate-dynamics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cldy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Climate Dynamics](https://www.springer.com/journal/382)","snPcode":"382","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/382/3","title":"Climate Dynamics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Drought-flood abrupt alternation event, Huanghe-Huaihe Basin, Barents Sea ice, North Atlantic Ocean, Rossby wave trains","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8510356/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8510356/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBased on the monthly ERA5 and other reanalysis data from 1980 to 2024, this study investigates the physical mechanisms by which Barents Sea ice and the North Atlantic Tripolar (NAT) jointly drive drought-flood abrupt alternations (DFAAs) over the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin (HHB) during June and July, and discusses how they contribute to the record-breaking DFAA in summer 2024. The key results are as follows: Excessive Barents Sea ice in April can persist until June, triggering upper-level Rossby wave trains via sea ice-atmosphere coupling, which leads to the anomalous anticyclone over northern China alongside a barotropic cyclone over the East China Sea. This process blocks the transportation of cold air and moisture, inducing drought in the HHB. Concurrently, the spring NAT anomalies can persist into July, stimulating upper-level Rossby wave trains that generate the anticyclone over central China, promoting upward atmospheric motion. Additionally, positive tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) associated with the NAT trigger equatorial Rossby wave trains, leading to the Pacific-Japan pattern (PJ) conducive to enhanced precipitation over the HHB. The drought induced by above-average sea ice is predominantly confined to June, whereas the NAT-driven rainfall primarily occurs in July. The sequential influence finally results in DFAAs over the HHB. Notably, in 2024, Barents Sea ice and the NAT attained their second-highest recorded levels since the onset of the 21st century and 1980, respectively, thereby contributing to the unprecedented DFAA in the HHB.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The severe drought-flood abrupt alternation event over the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin in summer 2024: Sequential impacts of Barents Sea ice and North Atlantic sea surface temperature","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-14 15:41:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8510356/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major Revision","date":"2026-02-05T21:13:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2026-01-13T05:33:00+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-13T02:26:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-08T10:20:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Climate Dynamics","date":"2026-01-04T00:06:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"climate-dynamics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cldy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Climate Dynamics](https://www.springer.com/journal/382)","snPcode":"382","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/382/3","title":"Climate Dynamics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a45d2644-a60c-4163-82e4-f122de5b282d","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 14th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-31T01:03:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-14 15:41:15","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8510356","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8510356","identity":"rs-8510356","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}