Abstract: Enhancing Patient Education of Gynecological Conditions with 3D Printing Technologies: Humanities Edition

INTRODUCTION: Uterine fibroids affect an estimated 70% of women worldwide. Adenomyosis has an estimated prevalence ranging from 8.8% to 61.5% in hysterectomy cases over the past 50 years. Both conditions affect millions, yet remain underdiagnosed and poorly understood by patients. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) is the first line diagnostic imaging modality for detecting both uterine fibroids and adenomyosis. Despite advancements in diagnostic imaging, 50% of patients with uterine fibroids are unaware of their diagnosis even after TVUS detection, and one third of patients experience diagnostic delays of 5 or more years. Further, traditional 2D imaging such as MRI or ultrasound can be challenging for patients to interpret, potentially hindering understanding and affecting decision-making regarding treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A multiparous woman with large uterine fibroids and two prior cesarean sections developed intermittent right lower quadrant pain along her c-section scar which persisted for nine years. Ultrasound and CT imaging repeatedly showed a markedly enlarged, fibroid uterus with no clear etiology. Hysterectomy was suggested as definitive treatment. Using CT data, the patient generated a 3D printed pelvic model of the uterus filling the pelvis, displacing intestines, compressing the bladder and pressing on the rectum. After visualization of this distortion, the patient elected to move forward with a hysterectomy which completely resolved her chronic pain and urinary symptoms. CONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of effective education and communication in managing gynecological conditions, especially when patients face complex decisions regarding treatment options such as undergoing a hysterectomy. Further the case emphasizes the possibility of enhancing patient education through 3D printing technology. As the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) notes, "Shared decision-making is a key component of patient-centered care, especially when multiple reasonable management options are available and the best choice depends on patient preferences and values."