Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Ostomy Leak Impact Tool

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Methods The Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool was developed by Brislin's translation model for translation，back translation，cultural adaptation，and pilot investigation. Using convenience sampling method，133 ostomy patients who were admitted to the inpatient ward or ostomy clinic of a tertiary hospital in Changzhou from January to September 2024 were selected as the research participants to test thereliability and validity of the Chinese version of ostomy leak impact tool. Results The Chinese version of ostomy leak impact tool includes 3 dimensions, with a total of 22 items. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale is 0.934; the Cronbach's α coefficients of the dimensions are 0.899～0.951. The test-retest reliability was 0.884, the content validity index at the scale level was 0.960, and the content validity index at the item level ranged from 0.875 to 1.000. Totally 3 common factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis, with a cumulative variance of 72.097% . Conclusions The Chinese version ofostomy leak impact tool has good reliability and validity，and it can be used as a tool to evaluate theostomy patients. Leak ostomy patients validity reliability tool Figures Figure 1 1 Introduction Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies, ranking third in incidence among all cancers[ 1 ]. Statistics indicate that 50% to 60% of colorectal cancer patients require enterostomy surgery[ 2 ]. In China, approximately 100,000 new enterostomy cases are reported annually, and this procedure has improved the five-year survival rate by more than 60%[ 3 ]. However, due to the absence of fecal control, excrement must be collected using a stoma appliance. Stoma leakage refers to the escape of fecal matter from the stoma appliance through the stoma site[ 4 ]. Research indicates that 76% of stoma patients experience leakage beneath the ostomy appliance at least once per month, and 65% report incidents in the past year where stoma effluent leaked beyond the appliance or onto their clothing[ 5 ]. Furthermore, studies reveal that the incidence of leakage remains as high as 87% within two years following surgery[ 6 ]. In recent years, stoma leakage has drawn increasing attention from healthcare professionals. Stoma leakage has significant adverse effects on patients' physical health, mental well-being, and social functioning. Enterostomy effluent is alkaline and contains high levels of lipase, protease, and other digestive enzymes, making it highly corrosive. This can elevate the pH of peristomal skin and degrade lipids in the stratum corneum, leading to peristomal skin complications[ 7 , 8 ]. The severity of these complications is closely associated with the frequency of leakage[ 9 ]. Moisture-associated skin damage is the most common type of peristomal complication, manifesting as redness, erosion, bleeding, stinging, and pruritus, which severely impair patients’ quality of life[ 10 , 11 ]. Furthermore, enterostomy patients experience a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances compared to healthy individuals. Nocturnal leakage occurs in 61% of patients, and 40% report disrupted sleep due to leakage[ 12 ]. Anxiety about fecal leakage also contributes to difficulty falling asleep and frequent nighttime awakenings, significantly compromising sleep quality[ 13 – 15 ]. Concurrently, leakage restricts patients' daily social activities. Research indicates that 91% of enterostomy patients worry about leakage, 47% reduce their social activities due to such concerns, and 27% believe leakage limits their participation in social events[ 16 , 17 ].Fear of leakage often leads to self-imposed social withdrawal, resulting in social isolation[ 18 ]. Mitchell et al. reported that 26% of enterostomy patients experienced limitations in public social activities due to leakage[ 19 ]. Moreover, frequent replacement of stoma appliances caused by leakage increases financial burdens on individuals and families. Skin complications related to leakage further contribute to increased healthcare visits and hospital readmissions, imposing additional strain on the healthcare system[ 20 ]. In summary, it is of critical importance to recognize the physical, psychological, and social impacts of stoma leakage on patients. However, there are relatively few studies focusing on assessment tools that evaluate these impacts both domestically and internationally. In 2018, the British scholar Nafees B. et al. developed the Ostomy Leak Impact Tool[ 21 ], which assesses the effects of stoma leakage across three dimensions: "emotional impact," "daily and social activities," and "coping and control," comprising a total of 22 items. A cross-sectional survey involving 340 ostomy patients from four countries—the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Denmark—was conducted. The results demonstrated that the internal consistency of the scale ranged from 0.77 to 0.93, with test-retest reliability at 0.70, indicating acceptable validity and reliability. Currently, in China, research has mainly focused on the causes of stoma leakage, while no studies have investigated the extent of its impact on patients. This gap may be attributed to the lack of locally developed tools for assessing the consequences of stoma leakage. Therefore, this study aims to introduce the Ostomy Leak Impact Tool into the Chinese context, providing a validated instrument for assessing the impact of stoma leakage and gaining insight into the current situation to lay a theoretical foundation for future research in this field. 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Aim and study design We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study to translate the stoma leakage impact scale into a Chinese version and test its validity and reliability in Chinese enterostomy patients. 2.2 Translation of the ostomy leak impact tool The original ostomy leak impact tool was translated into Chinese according to the Brislin guidelines[ 22 ]. The English version was first translated into Chinese by two nursing postgraduates with bilingual literacy in Chinese and English independently; if obscure terminology were encountered, a wound specialist would give guidance. The two nursing postgraduates compared the differences between the two translated versions, then discussed and resolved. If consensus cannot be reached, a Chinese stoma specialist with work experience in native English-speaking countries was consulted, and then an initial Chinese version was formed. The initial Chinese version was then translated into English by two bilingual graduates educated in English independently. The two nursing postgraduates compared the two backtranslated versions with the original English version; differences were analysed and modified until the agreement was attained to complete the final Chinese version of the scale. 2.3 Participants recruitment Patients who were followed up in the gastrointestinal surgery ward or stoma clinic of a hospital in Changzhou from January to September 2024 were recruited in this study. The sample size for this study is set at 5 to 10 times the number of scale items[ 23 ]. With a total of 22 items in the scale and accounting for an estimated 20% attrition rate, the required minimum sample size is calculated to be 132 participants.The inclusion criteria were: age 18–75 years, after enterostomy surgery, understanding the purpose of the study and signing the informed consent. Exclusion criteria: mental disorders or cognitive communication disorders. 2.4 Instruments 2.4.1 General Information Questionnaire The questionnaire includes the patient's age, gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, time of stoma surgery, and type of stoma, etc. 2.4.2 The ostomy leak impact tool[ 21 ] This tool is a patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the impact of stoma leakage or worry about leakage on patients' lives over the past week. It comprises 22 items organized into three domains: "Emotional Impact," "Usual & Social Activities," and "Coping & in Control." Each domain score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores represent better levels of functioning. 2.5 Statistical analysis Subject characteristics were presented by mean (standard deviation, SD) or n (%). The project analysis employs the critical ratio method and the correlation coefficient method. The structural validity is evaluated through exploratory factor analysis, and the content validity is assessed using the content validity index. The reliability of the scale is evaluated by Cronbach'sαcoefficient, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, and split-half reliability. Data were analysed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software, and the P < 0.05 was deemed statistical significance. 2.6 Ethical approval and consent to participate This study complies with the Helsinki Declaration and has been approved by the ethics committee of the First People's Hospital of Changzhou(2023-069), and all participants signed written informed consent. 3 Results 3.1 General demographic statistics and clinical characteristics of the participants A total of 140 questionnaires were distributed in this study, with 133 valid responses collected, yielding an effective response rate of 95%. The study included 133 ostomy patients, aged 36–75 (64.89 ± 11.75) years. General characteristics are presented in Table 1 . Table 1 General Characteristics of Participants (n = 133) Variables Categories n % Gender Men 84 63.16% Women 49 36.84% Educational level primary school and below 23 17.29% middle school 70 52.63% high school 31 23.31% University and above 9 6.77% Employed or not Yes 16 12.03% No 117 87.97% Type of stoma Colostomy 87 65.41% ileostomy 46 34.59% Independently replace the intestinal ostomy bag Yes 71 53.38% No 62 46.62% Types of intestinal ostomy bags One piece pocket making 13 9.77% Two piece flat pocket 64 48.12% Two piece convex surface pocket 56 42.11% Post ostomy duration Within 3 months 73 54.89% 3–6 months 13 9.77% More than 6 months 47 35.34% Pocket replacement frequency 1–2 days 10 7.52% 3–5 days 79 59.40% More than 5 days 44 33.08% Abdominal morphology when sitting or lying down Flat 94 70.68% Dent 11 8.27% Uplift 28 21.05% Is the shape under the chassis relatively uniform compared to other parts when sitting or lying flat? Uniform 113 84.96% Uneven 20 15.04% Skin beneath the stoma base Soft 119 89.47% Solid 14 10.53% Fecal property Thick stool 71 53.38% Loose stool 62 46.62% 3.2 Items analysis The item analysis results indicate that the critical ratio values of all items range from 4.225 to 13.236, all exceeding 3.000. The differences between the low-score group and high-score group for each item are statistically significant ( P < 0.001), therefore all items are retained. The correlation analysis results show that the correlation coefficient between each item and the total score ranged from 0.354 to 0.767(P < 0.001), with the 19th, 20th and 22nd items, their correlation coefficients range from 0.35 to 0.40. However, due to the extremely small change in the overall reliability coefficient Cronbach’s α, which is only 0.02, these three items were retained after a group discussion (Table 2 ). Table 2 Analysis of Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool Item Critical Ration Correlation between each item and the total score ( r value) Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Item 1 -11.064* 0.742* 0.929 Item 2 -11.322* 0.742* 0.929 Item 3 -9.772* 0.692* 0.929 Item 4 -8.875* 0.691* 0.928 Item 5 -11.889* 0.767* 0.929 Item 6 -10.300* 0.737* 0.929 Item 7 -7.064* 0.607* 0.930 Item 8 -9.717* 0.723* 0.930 Item 9 -7.747* 0.597* 0.931 Item 10 -9.359* 0.647* 0.932 Item 11 -9.226* 0.692* 0.931 Item 12 -6.120* 0.645* 0.931 Item 13 -8.148* 0.709* 0.930 Item 14 -9.911* 0.753* 0.929 Item 15 -9.101* 0.672* 0.929 Item 16 -8.933* 0.688* 0.929 Item 17 -13.236* 0.750* 0.928 Item 18 -11.960* 0.737* 0.929 Item 19 4.953* -0.384* 0.939 Item 20 4.225* -0.354* 0.938 Item 21 6.117* -0.418* 0.939 Item 22 5.328* -0.380* 0.940 3.3 Validity testing 3.3.1 Content validity The Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool demonstrated an I-CVI ranging from 0.875 to 1.000 and an S-CVI/Ave of 0.960, indicating favorable content validity of the scale (Table 3 ). Table 3 Evaluation of content validity for the Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool Item Expert1 Expert2 Expert3 Expert4 Expert5 Expert6 Expert7 Expert8 I-CVI S-CVI 1 4 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 0.875 0.960 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 1.000 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 1.000 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 1.000 5 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 1.000 6 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 1.000 7 3 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 0.875 8 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 1.000 9 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 1.000 10 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 1.000 11 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 1.000 12 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 1.000 13 4 3 4 4 3 4 2 4 0.875 14 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 1.000 15 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1.000 16 3 4 2 4 3 3 4 4 0.875 17 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 1.000 18 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 3 0.875 19 2 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 0.875 20 2 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 0.875 21 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 1.000 22 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 1.000 3.3.2 Structural Validity Principal component analysis was performed, followed by orthogonal rotation using the varimax criterion to enhance interpretability. Three common factors were identified based on eigenvalues greater than 1, which together accounted for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 72.097%. As depicted in the scree plot in Fig. 1 , the slope of the curve becomes notably flat from the fourth factor onward, indicating minimal explanatory value contributed by subsequent components. Thus, retention of the first three factors is methodologically appropriate. The factor structure matrix presented in Table 4 demonstrates that Factor 1 comprises items 1 through 10, Factor 2 includes items 11 through 18, and Factor 3 encompasses items 19 through 22, consistent with the dimensional framework of the original scale. All item loadings on their respective factors ranged between 0.608 and 0.931, surpassing the conventional threshold of 0.5, with no instances of cross-factor double loading observed. Table 4 Exploratory factor analysis of factor loadings of the Chinese Version of the ostomy leak impact tool (n = 133) Item Component Factor 1 Factor2 Factor3 Item 1 0.806 0.381 -0.075 Item 2 0.784 0.391 -0.058 Item 3 0.818 0.318 0.026 Item 4 0.823 0.375 0.053 Item 5 0.702 0.493 -0.093 Item 6 0.684 0.473 -0.066 Item 7 0.814 0.229 0.043 Item 8 0.608 0.463 -0.032 Item 9 0.778 0.174 0.021 Item 10 0.748 0.169 -0.081 Item 11 0.319 0.686 -0.013 Item 12 0.200 0.739 0.137 Item 13 0.411 0.644 0.033 Item 14 0.273 0.852 0.015 Item 15 0.450 0.636 0.051 Item 16 0.232 0.896 0.083 Item 17 0.364 0.840 -0.042 Item 18 0.379 0.792 -0.062 Item 19 -0.027 -0.037 0.823 Item 20 0.041 0.054 0.873 Item 21 -0.057 0.037 0.931 Item 22 -0.049 0.054 0.871 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. 3.3.3 Reliability Analysis The Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool demonstrated a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.934, with a split-half reliability of 0.758. The Cronbach's α coefficients for each dimension were 0.951, 0.935, and 0.899 respectively, indicating good internal consistency of the scale. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.884. 4 Discussion After obtaining authorization from the author of the original scale, we translated and back translated the original scale, and invited eight experts to evaluate the relevance of the items, clarity of language expression, and whether they conform to the cultural background of China based on professional theoretical knowledge and clinical practice experience for cultural debugging. Finally, we developed a Chinese version of the ostomy leakage impact tool. Based on expert opinions, this study made the following adjustments to the evaluation tool: Item 3, "I felt more afraid about leaks in the future" was modified to "I felt more afraid about the possibility of ostomy leaks in the future". Item 7, "I felt worried that I might leak"is modified to "I felt worried that I might leak at any time". Item 13, "I changed my plans" is modified to "I had to change my original plans". Item 20, “I was able to cope”“I was able to cope with any stoma leakage situations”. Ten patients participated in the pre survey and all expressed that the translated questionnaire items were clear and easy to understand, without any modifications. The questionnaire filling time was 3 ~ 5 minutes, and the majority of the research subjects reported it. In addition, the critical ratio of each item showed that there was a statistically significant difference in scores between the high and low groups (P < 0.001), indicating that the scale has good discrimination and distinguishability, and can effectively evaluate the leakage impact of different stoma patients. In this study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, split half reliability, and test-retest reliability were used to measure the reliability of the translation questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Chinese version of the stoma leakage impact assessment tool is 0.934. However, the split half reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.758 and 0.884, respectively, indicating that the translated questionnaire has strong temporal stability. Therefore, the Chinese version of the stoma leakage impact assessment tool has good reliability. Validity refers to the extent to which a research tool effectively reflects the concept it is designed to measure, indicating its ability to account for systematic error. Content validity and construct validity are used to evaluate the validity of translation questionnaires. The content validity of the translation questionnaire was evaluated by 8 different experts using the Delphi expert consultation method. The S-CVI of the translation questionnaire is 0.960, which is higher than the standard value 0.900[ 24 ], indicating that the content validity of the translation questionnaire is good. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to evaluate the structural validity of the translation questionnaire. EFA extracted three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining 72.097% of the total variance. All item loadings exceeded 0.5, surpassing the recommended threshold of 0.4 for factor loadings in structural validity assessment[ 25 ], indicating that the structure of the evaluation instrument aligns well with the intended theoretical framework. This further confirms the satisfactory structural validity of the Chinese version of the instrument. 5 Conclusion The Chinese version of the Stoma Leakage Impact Scale comprises 22 items that are concise, clear, and easily comprehensible. This instrument is designed to assess the extent to which leakage affects individuals with stomas, encompassing three domains: "Emotional Impact," "Daily and Social Activities," and "Coping and Control." It can be effectively utilized to evaluate outcomes before and after the implementation of leakage prevention interventions, such as enhancing self-management skills or changing the ostomy products. Nevertheless, this study has certain limitations in terms of sample selection, particularly restricted to enterostomy patients. Future research should include broader patient populations and further validate the scale’s psychometric properties in clinical settings. Declarations Informed consent statement Informed consent was obtained from all subjects in this study. Funding statement This research supported by Technology Project of Young Talents of Changzhou Health Commission (QN202219). Author contributions Hongyan Li: Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing-original draft, Writing- review & editing , Funding acquisition. Jia Liu: Investigation, Training and assessment, Methodology, Formal analysis. Xia Song: Methodology, Investigation, Writing- review & editing, Data curation. Jiaorong Li: Project administration, Training and assessment, Writing- review & editing. Acknowledgments Thank you to all the stoma patients who voluntarily participated in this study. 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Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 28 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 27 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 19 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 19 Jan, 2026 Editor invited by journal 19 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 18 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8514002","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":577704084,"identity":"13ab245d-1f5d-48d0-8810-3fbfb79d2da2","order_by":0,"name":"Hongyan Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the First People's Hospital Changzhou (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongyan","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":577704085,"identity":"6c8cac75-03cf-4ba7-b4d8-a339ad1b3490","order_by":1,"name":"Jia Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the First 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Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmaGhAMQJvOBAx8qbHj4+Rvwa2FDaGFLfDjjTJqM5IwDBLQgmDzGxrxth20MGhIIaGFneHjgR8U9OXP+BWYSPGzneQwYDjB++JiD32EHe84UG1vOeJAmIcFzm8ecuYFZcuY2An7hbUtI3HDjwDEJA4nbPJYNB9iYeQloOfgXrOVgm0SCwTkegwMJhLUcBttyvpkZqPoAkVpkziQYG9xgY3zYcCCZR3LGwWa8fuHnP5P88U1FgpzB+fMfDv/9Z2fPz9988MNHPFqA0ZEAoSUSYCKMDfjUAwH7Aah9BwgoHAWjYBSMghELAGBQVkQEGL0tAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"the First People's Hospital Changzhou (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University)","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiaorong","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-04 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11:28:08","extension":"html","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":124311,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8514002/v1/27e2696da1fabf01327bf96f.html"},{"id":100779057,"identity":"4e2afa27-90bd-426e-bf5a-0ed5e425e607","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 11:32:44","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":12689,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eScree plot of exploratory factor analysis results of the Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8514002/v1/4e24c4c635c6e3a1c62c99f1.png"},{"id":100783975,"identity":"8fae5e69-dc82-4c53-b055-6b0ed86cc264","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 11:51:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1135906,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8514002/v1/bb10d554-92fa-4add-9ce3-90c137cde3e1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Ostomy Leak Impact Tool","fulltext":[{"header":"1 Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eColorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies, ranking third in incidence among all cancers[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Statistics indicate that 50% to 60% of colorectal cancer patients require enterostomy surgery[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. In China, approximately 100,000 new enterostomy cases are reported annually, and this procedure has improved the five-year survival rate by more than 60%[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. However, due to the absence of fecal control, excrement must be collected using a stoma appliance. Stoma leakage refers to the escape of fecal matter from the stoma appliance through the stoma site[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Research indicates that 76% of stoma patients experience leakage beneath the ostomy appliance at least once per month, and 65% report incidents in the past year where stoma effluent leaked beyond the appliance or onto their clothing[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, studies reveal that the incidence of leakage remains as high as 87% within two years following surgery[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. In recent years, stoma leakage has drawn increasing attention from healthcare professionals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStoma leakage has significant adverse effects on patients' physical health, mental well-being, and social functioning. Enterostomy effluent is alkaline and contains high levels of lipase, protease, and other digestive enzymes, making it highly corrosive. This can elevate the pH of peristomal skin and degrade lipids in the stratum corneum, leading to peristomal skin complications[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. The severity of these complications is closely associated with the frequency of leakage[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Moisture-associated skin damage is the most common type of peristomal complication, manifesting as redness, erosion, bleeding, stinging, and pruritus, which severely impair patients\u0026rsquo; quality of life[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, enterostomy patients experience a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances compared to healthy individuals. Nocturnal leakage occurs in 61% of patients, and 40% report disrupted sleep due to leakage[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. Anxiety about fecal leakage also contributes to difficulty falling asleep and frequent nighttime awakenings, significantly compromising sleep quality[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR14\" citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Concurrently, leakage restricts patients' daily social activities. Research indicates that 91% of enterostomy patients worry about leakage, 47% reduce their social activities due to such concerns, and 27% believe leakage limits their participation in social events[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].Fear of leakage often leads to self-imposed social withdrawal, resulting in social isolation[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Mitchell et al. reported that 26% of enterostomy patients experienced limitations in public social activities due to leakage[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, frequent replacement of stoma appliances caused by leakage increases financial burdens on individuals and families. Skin complications related to leakage further contribute to increased healthcare visits and hospital readmissions, imposing additional strain on the healthcare system[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn summary, it is of critical importance to recognize the physical, psychological, and social impacts of stoma leakage on patients. However, there are relatively few studies focusing on assessment tools that evaluate these impacts both domestically and internationally. In 2018, the British scholar Nafees B. et al. developed the Ostomy Leak Impact Tool[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e], which assesses the effects of stoma leakage across three dimensions: \"emotional impact,\" \"daily and social activities,\" and \"coping and control,\" comprising a total of 22 items. A cross-sectional survey involving 340 ostomy patients from four countries\u0026mdash;the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Denmark\u0026mdash;was conducted. The results demonstrated that the internal consistency of the scale ranged from 0.77 to 0.93, with test-retest reliability at 0.70, indicating acceptable validity and reliability. Currently, in China, research has mainly focused on the causes of stoma leakage, while no studies have investigated the extent of its impact on patients. This gap may be attributed to the lack of locally developed tools for assessing the consequences of stoma leakage. Therefore, this study aims to introduce the Ostomy Leak Impact Tool into the Chinese context, providing a validated instrument for assessing the impact of stoma leakage and gaining insight into the current situation to lay a theoretical foundation for future research in this field.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Aim and study design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study to translate the stoma leakage impact scale into a Chinese version and test its validity and reliability in Chinese enterostomy patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Translation of the ostomy leak impact tool\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe original ostomy leak impact tool was translated into Chinese according to the Brislin guidelines[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. The English version was first translated into Chinese by two nursing postgraduates with bilingual literacy in Chinese and English independently; if obscure terminology were encountered, a wound specialist would give guidance. The two nursing postgraduates compared the differences between the two translated versions, then discussed and resolved. If consensus cannot be reached, a Chinese stoma specialist with work experience in native English-speaking countries was consulted, and then an initial Chinese version was formed. The initial Chinese version was then translated into English by two bilingual graduates educated in English independently. The two nursing postgraduates compared the two backtranslated versions with the original English version; differences were analysed and modified until the agreement was attained to complete the final Chinese version of the scale.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Participants recruitment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients who were followed up in the gastrointestinal surgery ward or stoma clinic of a hospital in Changzhou from January to September 2024 were recruited in this study. The sample size for this study is set at 5 to 10 times the number of scale items[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. With a total of 22 items in the scale and accounting for an estimated 20% attrition rate, the required minimum sample size is calculated to be 132 participants.The inclusion criteria were: age 18\u0026ndash;75 years, after enterostomy surgery, understanding the purpose of the study and signing the informed consent. Exclusion criteria: mental disorders or cognitive communication disorders.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Instruments\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.1 General Information Questionnaire\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire includes the patient's age, gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, time of stoma surgery, and type of stoma, etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.2 The ostomy leak impact tool[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis tool is a patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the impact of stoma leakage or worry about leakage on patients' lives over the past week. It comprises 22 items organized into three domains: \"Emotional Impact,\" \"Usual \u0026amp; Social Activities,\" and \"Coping \u0026amp; in Control.\" Each domain score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores represent better levels of functioning.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.5 Statistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject characteristics were presented by mean (standard deviation, SD) or n (%). The project analysis employs the critical ratio method and the correlation coefficient method. The structural validity is evaluated through exploratory factor analysis, and the content validity is assessed using the content validity index. The reliability of the scale is evaluated by Cronbach'sαcoefficient, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, and split-half reliability. Data were analysed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software, and the P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was deemed statistical significance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e2.6 Ethical approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e This study complies with the Helsinki Declaration and has been approved by the ethics committee of the First People's Hospital of Changzhou(2023-069), and all participants signed written informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3 Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 General demographic statistics and clinical characteristics of the participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 140 questionnaires were distributed in this study, with 133 valid responses collected, yielding an effective response rate of 95%. The study included 133 ostomy patients, aged 36\u0026ndash;75 (64.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.75) years. General characteristics are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Characteristics of Participants (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;133)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategories\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.16%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWomen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.84%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eprimary school and below\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.29%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emiddle school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.63%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehigh school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.31%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.77%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployed or not\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.03%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87.97%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType of stoma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eColostomy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.41%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eileostomy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.59%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependently replace the intestinal ostomy bag\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.38%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.62%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of intestinal ostomy bags\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne piece pocket making\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.77%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo piece flat pocket\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.12%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo piece convex surface pocket\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.11%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost ostomy duration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithin 3 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.89%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.77%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore than 6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.34%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePocket replacement frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2 days\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.52%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;5 days\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.40%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore than 5 days\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.08%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbdominal morphology when sitting or lying down\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.68%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.27%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUplift\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.05%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs the shape under the chassis relatively uniform compared to other parts when sitting or lying flat?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.96%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUneven\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.04%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin beneath the stoma base\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoft\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.47%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.53%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFecal property\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThick stool\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.38%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoose stool\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.62%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Items analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe item analysis results indicate that the critical ratio values of all items range from 4.225 to 13.236, all exceeding 3.000. The differences between the low-score group and high-score group for each item are statistically significant (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), therefore all items are retained. The correlation analysis results show that the correlation coefficient between each item and the total score ranged from 0.354 to 0.767(P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), with the 19th, 20th and 22nd items, their correlation coefficients range from 0.35 to 0.40. However, due to the extremely small change in the overall reliability coefficient Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s α, which is only 0.02, these three items were retained after a group discussion (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCritical Ration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation between each item and the total score ( r value)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11.064*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.742*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11.322*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.742*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9.772*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.692*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.875*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.691*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.928\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11.889*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.767*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-10.300*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.737*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.064*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.607*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9.717*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.723*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.747*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.597*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9.359*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.647*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9.226*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.692*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.120*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.645*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.148*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.709*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9.911*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.753*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9.101*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.672*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.933*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.688*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-13.236*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.750*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.928\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11.960*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.737*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.953*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.384*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.939\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.225*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.354*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.938\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.117*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.418*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.939\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.328*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.380*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.940\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Validity testing\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.1 Content validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool demonstrated an I-CVI ranging from 0.875 to 1.000 and an S-CVI/Ave of 0.960, indicating favorable content validity of the scale (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluation of content validity for the Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpert1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpert2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpert3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpert4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpert5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpert6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpert7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpert8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI-CVI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS-CVI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.875\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.960\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.875\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.875\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.875\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.875\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.875\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.875\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.2 Structural Validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrincipal component analysis was performed, followed by orthogonal rotation using the varimax criterion to enhance interpretability. Three common factors were identified based on eigenvalues greater than 1, which together accounted for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 72.097%. As depicted in the scree plot in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, the slope of the curve becomes notably flat from the fourth factor onward, indicating minimal explanatory value contributed by subsequent components. Thus, retention of the first three factors is methodologically appropriate. The factor structure matrix presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e demonstrates that Factor 1 comprises items 1 through 10, Factor 2 includes items 11 through 18, and Factor 3 encompasses items 19 through 22, consistent with the dimensional framework of the original scale. All item loadings on their respective factors ranged between 0.608 and 0.931, surpassing the conventional threshold of 0.5, with no instances of cross-factor double loading observed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploratory factor analysis of factor loadings of the Chinese Version of the ostomy leak impact tool (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;133)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.806\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.381\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.075\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.784\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.391\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.818\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.318\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.823\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.375\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.702\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.493\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.093\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.684\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.473\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.814\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.608\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.463\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.778\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.174\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.748\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.081\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.319\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.686\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.739\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.411\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.644\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.033\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.852\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.450\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.636\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.051\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.232\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.896\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.364\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.840\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.379\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.792\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.062\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.037\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.823\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.041\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.873\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.057\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.037\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.931\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.049\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.871\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.3 Reliability Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool demonstrated a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.934, with a split-half reliability of 0.758. The Cronbach's α coefficients for each dimension were 0.951, 0.935, and 0.899 respectively, indicating good internal consistency of the scale. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.884.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4 Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAfter obtaining authorization from the author of the original scale, we translated and back translated the original scale, and invited eight experts to evaluate the relevance of the items, clarity of language expression, and whether they conform to the cultural background of China based on professional theoretical knowledge and clinical practice experience for cultural debugging. Finally, we developed a Chinese version of the ostomy leakage impact tool. Based on expert opinions, this study made the following adjustments to the evaluation tool: Item 3, \"I felt more afraid about leaks in the future\" was modified to \"I felt more afraid about the possibility of ostomy leaks in the future\". Item 7, \"I felt worried that I might leak\"is modified to \"I felt worried that I might leak at any time\". Item 13, \"I changed my plans\" is modified to \"I had to change my original plans\". Item 20, \u0026ldquo;I was able to cope\u0026rdquo;\u0026ldquo;I was able to cope with any stoma leakage situations\u0026rdquo;. Ten patients participated in the pre survey and all expressed that the translated questionnaire items were clear and easy to understand, without any modifications. The questionnaire filling time was 3\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;5 minutes, and the majority of the research subjects reported it. In addition, the critical ratio of each item showed that there was a statistically significant difference in scores between the high and low groups (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), indicating that the scale has good discrimination and distinguishability, and can effectively evaluate the leakage impact of different stoma patients. In this study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, split half reliability, and test-retest reliability were used to measure the reliability of the translation questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Chinese version of the stoma leakage impact assessment tool is 0.934. However, the split half reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.758 and 0.884, respectively, indicating that the translated questionnaire has strong temporal stability. Therefore, the Chinese version of the stoma leakage impact assessment tool has good reliability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValidity refers to the extent to which a research tool effectively reflects the concept it is designed to measure, indicating its ability to account for systematic error. Content validity and construct validity are used to evaluate the validity of translation questionnaires. The content validity of the translation questionnaire was evaluated by 8 different experts using the Delphi expert consultation method. The S-CVI of the translation questionnaire is 0.960, which is higher than the standard value 0.900[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e], indicating that the content validity of the translation questionnaire is good. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to evaluate the structural validity of the translation questionnaire. EFA extracted three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining 72.097% of the total variance. All item loadings exceeded 0.5, surpassing the recommended threshold of 0.4 for factor loadings in structural validity assessment[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e], indicating that the structure of the evaluation instrument aligns well with the intended theoretical framework. This further confirms the satisfactory structural validity of the Chinese version of the instrument.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5 Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe Chinese version of the Stoma Leakage Impact Scale comprises 22 items that are concise, clear, and easily comprehensible. This instrument is designed to assess the extent to which leakage affects individuals with stomas, encompassing three domains: \"Emotional Impact,\" \"Daily and Social Activities,\" and \"Coping and Control.\" It can be effectively utilized to evaluate outcomes before and after the implementation of leakage prevention interventions, such as enhancing self-management skills or changing the ostomy products. Nevertheless, this study has certain limitations in terms of sample selection, particularly restricted to enterostomy patients. Future research should include broader patient populations and further validate the scale\u0026rsquo;s psychometric properties in clinical settings.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed consent statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all subjects in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research supported by Technology Project of Young Talents of Changzhou Health Commission (QN202219).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHongyan Li: Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing-original draft, Writing- review \u0026amp; editing , Funding acquisition. Jia Liu: Investigation, Training and assessment, Methodology, Formal analysis. Xia Song: Methodology, Investigation, Writing- review \u0026amp; editing, Data curation. Jiaorong Li: Project administration, Training and assessment, Writing- review \u0026amp; editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThank you to all the stoma patients who voluntarily participated in this study. In addition, we would like to thank Professor Beenish Nafees for providing the English version of the stoma leakage impact tool for this study. At the same time, we sincerely appreciate the hard work of the editors and the valuable suggestions of the reviewers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclaration of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of Data and Materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data generated and/or analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot aplicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFreddie, Bray, Jacques, Ferlay, Isabelle, Soerjomataram, Rebecca, Siegel, and Lindsey (2018) \u003cem\u003eGlobal cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries.\u003c/em\u003e CA: a cancer journal for clinicians \u003cstrong\u003e68\u003c/strong\u003e(6):394-424.https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKoshiyama, A., T. 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Li (2020) \u003cem\u003eEffects of hospital‐family holistic care model on the health outcome of patients with permanent enterostomy based on the theory of \u0026lsquo;Timing It Right\u0026rsquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Journal of Clinical Nursing \u003cstrong\u003e29\u003c/strong\u003e(13-14):2196-2208.https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15199\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWEI Di, Z.X.-m., LI Xu-ying,CHEN Yong-yi,CHEN Yu-pan,LIU Hua-yun (2021) \u003cem\u003eThe effects of standardized management of chassis leakage for patients with enterostomy.\u003c/em\u003e Chinese Journal of Nursing Education \u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e(11):1027-1031.https://doi.org/10.3761/j.issn.1672-9234.2021.11.013\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJeppesen, P.B., M. Vestergaard, E.B. Boisen, and T.A. Ajslev (2022) \u003cem\u003eImpact of stoma leakage in everyday life: data from the Ostomy Life Study 2019.\u003c/em\u003e Br J Nurs \u003cstrong\u003e31\u003c/strong\u003e(6):S48-s58.https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2022.31.6.S48\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRatliff, C.R. (2014) \u003cem\u003eFactors Related to Ostomy Leakage in the Community Setting.\u003c/em\u003e Journal of Wound, Ostomy \u0026amp; Continence Nursing \u003cstrong\u003e41\u003c/strong\u003e(3):249-253.https://doi.org/10.1097/won.0000000000000017\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMontero-Vilchez, T., M.V. Segura-Fern\u0026aacute;ndez-Nogueras, I. P\u0026eacute;rez-Rodr\u0026iacute;guez, M. Soler-Gongora, A. Martinez-Lopez, A. Fern\u0026aacute;ndez-Gonz\u0026aacute;lez, A. Molina-Leyva, and S. Arias-Santiago (2021) \u003cem\u003eSkin Barrier Function in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Transepidermal Water Loss and Temperature as Useful Tools to Assess Disease Severity.\u003c/em\u003e J Clin Med \u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e(2):359.https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020359\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eO\u0026apos;Flynn, S.K. (2019) \u003cem\u003ePeristomal skin damage: assessment, prevention and treatment.\u003c/em\u003e Br J Nurs \u003cstrong\u003e28\u003c/strong\u003e(5):S6-s12.https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.5.S6\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePorrett, T., S. Nov\u0026aacute;kov\u0026aacute;, K. Schmitz, E. Klimekova, and H. Aaes (2011) \u003cem\u003eLeakage and ostomy appliances: results from a large-scale, open-label study in clinical practice.\u003c/em\u003e Gastrointestinal Nursing \u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e(Sup2):19-23.https://doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2011.9.Sup2.19\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAlmutairi, D., K. LeBlanc, and A. Alavi (2017) \u003cem\u003ePeristomal skin complications: what dermatologists need to know.\u003c/em\u003e International Journal of Dermatology \u003cstrong\u003e57\u003c/strong\u003e(3):257-264.https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.13710\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCarvalho, D.S.d., A.G.I.d. Silva, S.R.M. Ferreira, and L.C. Braga (2019) \u003cem\u003eElaboration of an educational technology for ostomized patients: peristomal skin care.\u003c/em\u003e Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem \u003cstrong\u003e72\u003c/strong\u003e(2):427-434.https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0024\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRedmond, C., C. Cowin, and T. Parker (2013) \u003cem\u003eThe experience of faecal leakage among ileostomists.\u003c/em\u003e British Journal of Nursing \u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e(17):S12.https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2009.18.Sup6.44170\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eVorbeck, E., K. Willette-Murphy, S. Meiers, R. Rudel, and M. Alakhras (2010) \u003cem\u003eA descriptive study to assess the impact of surgical stomas on individuals\u0026apos; sleep perceptions \u0026amp; response to sleep hygiene.\u003c/em\u003e Ostomy Wound Manage \u003cstrong\u003e56\u003c/strong\u003e(1):36-44.https://doi.org/PMID: 20093716\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLim, S.H., S.W. Chan, and H.G. He (2015) \u003cem\u003ePatients\u0026apos; Experiences of Performing Self-care of Stomas in the Initial Postoperative Period.\u003c/em\u003e Cancer Nurs \u003cstrong\u003e38\u003c/strong\u003e(3):185-93.https://doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000158\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eClevenger, L., A. Schrepf, K. Degeest, D. Bender, M. Goodheart, A. Ahmed, L. Dahmoush, F. Penedo, J. Lucci, 3rd, P.H. Thaker, L. Mendez, A.K. Sood, G.M. Slavich, and S.K. Lutgendorf (2013) \u003cem\u003eSleep disturbance, distress, and quality of life in ovarian cancer patients during the first year after diagnosis.\u003c/em\u003e Cancer \u003cstrong\u003e119\u003c/strong\u003e(17):3234-41.https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28188\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRichbourg, L., J.M. Thorpe, and C.G. Rapp (2007) \u003cem\u003eDifficulties experienced by the ostomate after hospital discharge.\u003c/em\u003e J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs \u003cstrong\u003e34\u003c/strong\u003e(1):70-9.https://doi.org/10.1097/00152192-200701000-00011\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eClaessens, I., R. Probert, C. Tielemans, A. Steen, C. Nilsson, B. Dissing Andersen, and Z.M. St\u0026oslash;rling (2015) \u003cem\u003eThe Ostomy Life Study: The everyday challenges faced by people living with a stoma in a snapshot.\u003c/em\u003e Gastrointestinal Nursing \u003cstrong\u003e13\u003c/strong\u003e(5):18-25.https://doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2015.13.5.18\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHerrle, F., F. Sandra-Petrescu, C. Weiss, S. Post, N. Runkel, and P. Kienle (2016) \u003cem\u003eQuality of Life and Timing of Stoma Closure in Patients With Rectal Cancer Undergoing Low Anterior Resection With Diverting Stoma: A Multicenter Longitudinal Observational Study.\u003c/em\u003e Dis Colon Rectum \u003cstrong\u003e59\u003c/strong\u003e(4):281-90.https://doi.org/10.1097/dcr.0000000000000545\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMitchell, K.A., S.M. Rawl, C.M. Schmidt, M. Grant, C.Y. Ko, C.M. Baldwin, C. Wendel, and R.S. Krouse (2007) \u003cem\u003eDemographic, clinical, and quality of life variables related to embarrassment in veterans living with an intestinal stoma.\u003c/em\u003e J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs \u003cstrong\u003e34\u003c/strong\u003e(5):524-32.https://doi.org/10.1097/01.WON.0000290732.15947.9e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eColwell, J.C., J. Pittman, R. Raizman, and G. Salvadalena (2018) \u003cem\u003eA Randomized Controlled Trial Determining Variances in Ostomy Skin Conditions and the Economic Impact (ADVOCATE Trial).\u003c/em\u003e J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs \u003cstrong\u003e45\u003c/strong\u003e(1):37-42.https://doi.org/10.1097/won.0000000000000389\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNafees, B., Z.M. St\u0026oslash;rling, C. Hindsberger, and A. Lloyd (2018) \u003cem\u003eThe ostomy leak impact tool: development and validation of a new patient-reported tool to measure the burden of leakage in ostomy device users.\u003c/em\u003e Health Qual Life Outcomes \u003cstrong\u003e16\u003c/strong\u003e(1):231.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-1054-0\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJones, P.S., J.W. Lee, L.R. Phillips, X.E. Zhang, and K.B. Jaceldo (2001) \u003cem\u003eAn adaptation of Brislin\u0026apos;s translation model for cross-cultural research.\u003c/em\u003e Nurs Res \u003cstrong\u003e50\u003c/strong\u003e(5):300-4.https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200109000-00008\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLin, Y., Z. Xiaoqian, D. Xiaoxu, M. Hua, and Z. Fang (2024) \u003cem\u003eTranslation and psychometric properties test of the Eating Behaviors Assessment for Obesity.\u003c/em\u003e Chinese Journal of Nursing \u003cstrong\u003e59\u003c/strong\u003e(20):2509-2513.https://doi.org/10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.20.011\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKumar, S.N., B. Omar, O. Htwe, L.H. Joseph, J. Krishnan, A. Jafarzedah Esfehani, and L.L. Min (2014) \u003cem\u003eReliability, agreement, and validity of digital weighing scale with MatScan in limb load measurement.\u003c/em\u003e J Rehabil Res Dev \u003cstrong\u003e51\u003c/strong\u003e(4):591-8.https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2013.07.0166\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eXie, W., J. Li, X. Liu, Y. Shu, X. Yang, Y. Deng, and C. Zhang (2024) \u003cem\u003eReliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Information Security Attitude Questionnaire for nurses.\u003c/em\u003e Nurs Open \u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e(6):e2203.https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.2203\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-gastroenterology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmge","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Gastroenterology](http://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bmge/default.aspx","title":"BMC Gastroenterology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Leak, ostomy patients, validity, reliability, tool","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8514002/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8514002/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c/strong\u003e To translatethe ostomy leak impact tool and test its reliabilityand validity for providing an effective tool for brief and rapid clinical assessment of dietary behavior in ostomy patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e The Chinese version of the ostomy leak impact tool was developed by Brislin's translation model for translation，back translation，cultural adaptation，and pilot investigation. Using convenience sampling method，133 ostomy patients who were admitted to the inpatient ward or ostomy clinic of a tertiary hospital in Changzhou from January to September 2024 were selected as the research participants to test thereliability and validity of the Chinese version of ostomy leak impact tool.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e The Chinese version of ostomy leak impact tool includes 3 dimensions, with a total of 22 items. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale is 0.934; the Cronbach's α coefficients of the dimensions are 0.899～0.951. The test-retest reliability was 0.884, the content validity index at the scale level was 0.960, and the content validity index at the item level ranged from 0.875 to 1.000. Totally 3 common factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis, with a cumulative variance of 72.097% .\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e The Chinese version ofostomy leak impact tool has good reliability and validity，and it can be used as a tool to evaluate theostomy patients.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Ostomy Leak Impact Tool","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-21 10:02:12","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8514002/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-02T06:23:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-28T05:44:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-27T23:22:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"177318735339582180457267956054934788133","date":"2026-01-23T13:30:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"331298305683837497003420677149278287148","date":"2026-01-21T07:03:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"297898304016839035625041155478219615000","date":"2026-01-21T06:30:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"12485072584887274856519965686730774957","date":"2026-01-20T14:34:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"57884156635224042229936807777963598047","date":"2026-01-20T05:19:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-19T05:34:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-19T05:27:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-19T05:13:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-18T20:36:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Gastroenterology","date":"2026-01-18T19:58:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-gastroenterology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmge","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Gastroenterology](http://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bmge/default.aspx","title":"BMC Gastroenterology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4966d02e-41ba-4e4d-8c1c-2f8a0c2b94b0","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 21st, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-11T15:55:25+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-21 10:02:12","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8514002","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8514002","identity":"rs-8514002","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}