Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county, southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 861 stool specimens were collected from inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county through a multistage cluster sampling method in 2018. The collected specimens were examined by parasitological methods including, direct wet-mounting (for the fresh specimens with a watery consistency), formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation and agar plate culture. Results The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 34.2% (95% CI 30.1 to 38.2). The prevalence of protozoan parasites 32.3% (95% CI 28.4 to 36.5) was significantly higher than helminthic parasites 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.7). Blastocystis sp. , Entamoeba coli and Giardia lamblia as protozoan parasite and Hymenolepis nana as helminthic parasite were the most common detected intestinal parasites in the study. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar , Iodamoeba bütschlii , Chilomastix mesnili , Entamoeba hartmanni , Ascaris lambercoides , and Enterobius vermicularis were other detected parasites. Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association of intestinal parasitic infections with source of drinking water and residency status (rural/urban). Multiple infections with 2 or 3 parasitic agents constituted 22.7% of 295 infected cases. Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county. Intestinal parasites especially protozoans remain a challenging public health problem wherever sanitation and health measures are limited in Iran. Infectious Diseases Parasitology Intestinal parasites Human Prevalence Iran Figures Figure 1 Background Despite the advancement in sanitation infrastructure and hygiene status, intestinal parasitic infection remains a considerable public health problem, especially in developing countries (1). It is estimated that more than three billion people (mostly children) are infected with intestinal parasites around the world (1, 2). In Iran, due to diversity in socioeconomic, geographic, sanitary/hygiene, cultural, and educational status a broad range of intestinal parasites prevalence between 4.7% to 56% have been reported in the apparently healthy populations (3, 4). Because of low socioeconomic status, limited sanitation, and also geographic factors, rural areas are regarded as endemic areas of intestinal parasitic infections in the southern part of Iran (5, 6). Determination of the prevalence and distribution pattern of intestinal parasitic infections is a fundamental step to set up a prevention and control program to improve the health status. On the other hand, due to diversity in geographic factors and socio-cultural patterns in different parts of Iran, an epidemiological study is required in each region separately. To our knowledge, there is no study available on the distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in Rudbar-e Jonub county as a tropical area and with a deprived community in southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran. Therefore, this study conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections in Rudbar-e Jonub county inhabitants. Methods Study Area Rudbar-e Jonub county with an area about 7000 km 2 located in “Hamun-e Jaz Murian” wetland basin, southeast edge of Kerman province, southeastern Iran. It is comprised of two districts and four rural districts. Based on information of the Statistical Center of Iran represented in 2016, Rudbar-e Jonub has a population of 105,992 inhabitants in 27,428 households. About 80% of the population settled in rural areas. This area has a warm and semi-arid climate (Fig. 1) (7). Study design and sampling This cross-sectional study was conducted in Rudbar-e Jonub county in 2018. Eight hundred and sixty-one (861) stool specimens were collected through a multistage cluster sampling from 4 rural districts of the county as the study strata. In each rural district, health centers selected through proportional-to-size random sampling. Ten households covered by each health center were selected using the systematic sampling approach. All members of the selected households were invited to take part in the study. If individuals in a household refused to take part, the next household was invited. A pre-designed checklist including sex, age group, occupation, education level, source of drinking water, type of residency, and animal close contact was filled for each participant. Stool specimens were collected in a wide-mouth container with tight-fitting lids. The collected specimens were transferred immediately to the laboratory affiliated to Jiroft University of Medical Sciences for subsequent examinations. Out of a total of 300 households (1500 individuals) approached, 42.6 % refused to give the sample (Response rate = 57.4 %). Laboratory procedures The stool specimens were examined for consistency, color, the presence of blood and mucus and adult intestinal helminths, macroscopically. For microscopic examination, a direct wet-mount was prepared for the fresh specimens with a watery consistency. Also, all specimens examined by formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation and agar plate culture methods. The specimen collection, processing, shipping, and the parasitological methods were carried out as described by Garcia et al (8). All microscopic evaluations and identification were made by the same observer(s) blinded to participants information. Specimens were considered positive if the helminth eggs, larvae, or cysts and/or trophozoites of protozoans were detected by at least one of the three methods. Statistical analysis The frequency was calculated for qualitative and categorical variables.The crude and adjusted associations between intestinal parasitic infection and determinants were assessed using univariate and multiple logistic regressions. To adjust for the population distribution, poststratification corrections were made to sampling weights. Statistical significance was accepted at p values <0.05. Statistical analysis was done using Stata v.14.2 (Stata Corp LP, Texas, USA). Results Over one year, from 170 households, 861 stool specimens from the participants including 400 (46.1%) males and 461 (53.9%) females were collected. The majority of the participants were children up to 9 years of age (25.9%). Only 6.9 % of the participants had an academic education and 20.5% of them were illiterate. 35.6% of the participants had no safe drinking water (Table 1). At least one species of the intestinal parasites was found in 34.2% (95% CI 30.1 to 38.2) of the participants. Multiple infections with 2 or 3 parasitic agents constituted 22.7% of 295 infected cases. Any parasitic agent was seen in direct examination (performed on the samples with a watery consistency) and also agar plate culture method. The prevalence of detected intestinal parasites by formalin-ether sedimentation method embedded in Table 2. The prevalence of protozoan parasites 32.3% (95% CI 28.4 to 36.5) was significantly higher than helminthic parasites 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.7). Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli and Giardia lamblia were the most common intestinal protozoan with a prevalence of 13.3 (95% CI 11.0 to 15.5), 11.4 (95% CI 8.7 to 15.4) and 10.6 (95% CI 8.5 to 13.1), respectively. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Chilomastix mesnili and Entamoeba hartmanni were other detected protozoan parasites in the study. Also, the most prevalent helminthic infection was Hymenolepis nana with a prevalence of 2.4 (95% CI 1.5 - 3.9). Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius Vermicularis were other detected helminthic parasites. The results of unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses of the risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among the participants embedded in Table 3. Among possible risk factors investigated in this study, the source of drinking water and residency status (rural/urban) were found to have a significant association with intestinal parasitic infections. There was no association between the infection and sex, age group, occupation, education level, and animal close contact. Table1 Socio-demographic characteristics of participants (n=861) Characteristics Number Percent (un-weighted) Percent (weighted) Sex Male 400 46.5 46.1 Female 461 53.5 53.9 Age group ≤9 234 27.2 25.9 10 to 19 151 17.5 16.7 20 to 29 134 15.6 15.5 30 to 39 156 18.1 18.4 40 to 49 98 11.4 11.5 50≤ 88 10.2 12 Occupation Housewife 222 25.8 26.6 Children 132 15.3 13.2 Student 202 23.5 24.2 Farmer 136 15.8 15.7 Employed 70 8.1 8.9 Unemployed 24 2.8 2.5 Others 75 8.7 8.9 Education level Children under 6-yr 135 15.7 13.6 Elementary school 242 28.1 28.9 High school 256 29.7 30.1 University 55 6.4 6.9 Illiterate 173 20.1 20.5 Source of drinking water Tap water 558 64.8 64.4 Spring or well water 303 35.2 35.6 Animal close contact Yes 501 58.2 60.1 No 360 41.8 39.9 Residency status Rural 751 87.2 87.7 Urban 110 12.8 12.3 Table 2 Prevalence of intestinal parasites in the participants (n=861) Parasite Number of infected Prevalence (95%CI a ) Protozoa Blastocystis hominis 114 13.3 (11.0 to 15.5) Entamoeba coli 98 11.4 (8.7 to 15.4) Giardia lamblia 92 10.6 (8.5 to 13.1) Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 14 1.5 (0.8 to 2.6) Iodamoeba bütschlii 11 1.0 (0.5 to 1.9) Chilomastix mesnili 5 0.5 (0.1 to 1.2) Entamoeba hartmanni 4 0.4 (0.1 to 1.0) Total b 280 32.3 (28.4 to 36.5) Helminths Hymenolepis nana 22 2.4 (1.5 to 3.9) Enterobius Vermicularis 3 0.3 (0.0 to 0.9) Ascaris lumbricoides 3 0.3 (0.1 to 1.3) Total 28 3.2 (2.1 to 4.7) Total b 295 34.2 (30.1 to 38.2) a CI: confidence interval b There were also some cases of coinfection with two or three species Table3 Univariate and multiple analysis of intestinal parasitic infections and potential risk factors (n=861) Risk factors Prevalence (95% CI) OR a (95 % CI) OR b (95 % CI) Sex Male 35.4 (29.1 to 42.4) 1 1 Female 32.8 (28.1 to 37.8) 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) Age group ≤9 42.6 (34.6 to 53.7) 1 1 10 to 19 35.9 (28.0 to 44.7) 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) 0.7 (0.3 to 1.1) 20 to 29 23.9 (17.0 to 32.5) 0.5 (0.3 to 0.8) 0.4 (0.2 to 1.0) 30 to 39 31.1 (23.9 to 39.4) 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) 0.8 (0.4 to 1.2) 40 to 49 36.2 (26.4 to 47.3) 0.8 (0.4 to 1.3) 0.8 (0.4 to 1.4) 50≤ 25.4 (16.4 to 37.2) 0.6 (0.3 to 1.1) 0.5 (0.3 to 1.2) Occupation Housewife 30.6 (24.1 to 38.0) 1 1 Children 32.4 (24.5 to 41.4) 1.0 (0.6 to 1.7) 2.2 (0.5 to 3.8) Student 45.8 (36.0 to 56.1) 1.4 (0.9 to 2.1) 1.1 (0.5 to 2.1) Farmer 32.3 (24.6 to 41.0) 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) Employed 20.3 (12.0 to 32.1) 0.6 (0.3 to 1.1) 0.6 (0.3 to 1.3) Unemployed 47.0 (26.2 to 68.8) 1.4 (0.6 to 3.1) 1.3 (0.5 to 3.5) Others 27.6 (17.7 to 40.5) 0.8 (0.4 to 1.4) 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) Education level High school 29.7 (22.2 to 38.4) 1 1 Children under 6-yr 38.5 (29.3 to 48.6) 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) 0.1 (0.1 to 0.6) Elementary school 35.1 (29.0 to 41.7) 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) University 22.0 (12.3 to 36.1) 0.4 (0.2 to 0.9) 0.5 (0.2 to 1.2) Illiterate 33.0 (25.6 to 41.2) 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2) Source of drinking water Tap water 31.6 (26.4 to 37.3) 1 1 Spring or well water 38.4 (32.6 to 44.6) 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) * Animal close contact No 32.7 (27.6 to 38.2) 1 1 Yes 34.9 (29.4 to 40.9) 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) Residency status Rural Urban 34.8 (30.5 to 39.3) 28.6 (20.0 to 39.0) 1 0.6 (0.3 to 0.9) 1 0.4 (0.2 to 0.7) * a Crude odds ratio b Adjusted odds ratio * Indicates p ≤ 0.05 Discussion The results of this study showed one-third (34.2%) of the inhabitants in Rudbar-e Jonub were infected by intestinal parasites. This finding is consistent with the studies carried out in apparently healthy inhabitants in recent decades in rural and tribal areas of the country. Barkhori et al. (9) reported 28% of the infection in Jiroft district, near the studied area. Similarly, a relatively high prevalence of the infection in nomadic tribes of Khuzestan province (25.4%) and rural inhabitants of Mazandaran (25%), Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (37.5%), Lorestan (32.5) and Hamadan (35.1%) provinces has been reported (10–14). Also, Hemmati et al. (15) in a study on inhabitants of Rudehen in Tehran province, capital of Iran, have reported 32.7% of the infection. Besides, some studies reported a significant prevalence of 48.8% in rural inhabitants of Hormozgan (6) and 56% in nomadic tribes of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces (4). The finding of the current and aforementioned studies reflects the fact that in spite of advances in sanitation and personal/public health measures, it seems there is still not enough arrangements for controlling of intestinal parasites and these neglected agents especially protozoans are still a significant public health problem in rural and tribal areas of the country. The importance of this issue will become clear when we know these reported prevalences seem to be less than the actual value because in most studies on intestinal parasites prevalence only one stool specimen of subjects was collected for examination whereas for a standard diagnosis collecting three sequential specimens in three alternate days is required (16). Also, in most studies, no specific methods such as modified acid-fast staining and Graham test for diagnosis of coccidia and E. vermicularis respectively, are performed. Blastocystis sp., E. coli, and G. lamblia were the most common intestinal parasites among the study population similar to other studies in Iran (6, 9–11). All of them have a fecal-oral transmission mode, indicates poor hygiene in Rudbar-e Jonub county. According to the current findings, the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infection was found at 13.3% (95% CI 11.0 to 15.5). The reported range of Blastocystis infection in the apparently healthy populations in the country varies from 7.5% to 28.4% (10, 15). Several studies have revealed an association between carrying the parasite and some clinical manifestations that is controversial yet (17–19). In this study, the highest prevalence of Blastocystis infections was observed in the age group of 30 to 39 year. Some studies have suggested that the incidence of Blastocystis infection increases with age (15, 20). Due to the unclear aspects of zoonotic, mode of transmission, and potential host factors important for colonization, it seems, discussion about such association needs more evidence. The prevalence of E. coli in the current study was found 11.4% (95% CI 8.7 to 15.4). In the studies carried out in recent decade on apparently healthy people in Iran, the prevalence of E. coli reported up to 18.9% (13). Although E. coli and other non-pathogenic parasites detected in this study do not cause infection, their presence indicates the fecal-oral transmission in the host, which is an indicator for the general assessment of the hygiene status of the area. In this study, the prevalence of Giardia infection was 10.6% (95% CI 8.5 - 13.1). The prevalence of G. lamblia in the apparently healthy populations in Iran has been reported 33.9% and 10.2% in 2008 (10, 11), 28.2% and 8.9% in 2009 (4, 14), 17.2% in 2011 (6), 2.2% in 2014 (13), 17.4% and 7.8% in 2016 (9, 12), and 1.2% in 2017 (15). The overall prevalence of Giardia has shown a declining trend during the past decade but it appears to be still relatively high depending on the target population. The prevalence of human helminthic diseases declined sharply in recent decades throughout Iran but some of them, particularly those with direct fecal-oral transmissions, such as Hymenolepis and Enterobius, remain common in some parts of the country (21). In the current study, the helminthic infection was limited to only three species among which most infection was related to H. nana 2.4% (95% CI 1.5 to 3.9). Although the prevalence of H. nana in human has fallen since 1970 (21) it remains relatively common in the rural an tribal areas of Iran (4, 9, 10). E. vermicularis with a 0.3% (95% CI 0.0 to 0.9) prevalence was another detected helminthic infection. Given that the Graham test was not done in this study, the actual prevalence is probably higher than the reported value. Reduction in the prevalence of these parasites will need more direct interventions, such as the employing experienced technician in medical laboratories and treatment of infected cases and also, health education to informing people from transmission route of these helminthic infections. Also, 0.3% (95% CI 0.1 to 1.3) of infection with A. lumbricoides as a soil-transmitted helminth (STH) was detected in this study. Due to effective measures to improve public health in Iran the prevalence of A. lumbricoides dropped from 46.7% in 1987 (22), 17.8% in 1992 (23), and 16.3% in 1996 (24) to 0.4% in this study. Low prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections in Rudbar-e Jonub is in concordance with the result of recent studies in other parts of Iran (9, 13, 15). In this study, several possible determinants associated with intestinal parasitic infections were investigated and a significant association was found between intestinal parasitic infections and, source of drinking water and residency status (rural/urban). The source of drinking water is an important risk factor for infection with intestinal protozoa such that a waterborne transmission of all detected protozoa in this study is possible. In this study, 35.2% of the participants were deprived of safe drinking water. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in participants who used non-sanitary drinking water was 38.4% (95% CI 32.6 to 44.6%), significantly higher than other participants, suggesting the possibility of waterborne transmission. Similar results have been reported in some studies regarding the importance of sources of drinking water (9, 15). The need for improvement of public health infrastructure in Rudbar-e Jonub county is evident. About 80% of the population in Rudbar-e Jonub have a rural lifestyle. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, significantly. Rural lifestyle is itself risky due to insufficient infrastructure, disorganization in health services and lower socioeconomic living conditions (25). Several studies on human parasitic infections have revealed a common association between parasitic infections and lower socioeconomic status of rural area in Iran (5, 6, 26). In this study, intestinal parasitic infections showed no significant association with sex, age group, occupation, education level, and animal close contact. In rural life of Rudbar-e Jonub, most women are involved in outdoor activities including farming and animal husbandry as like as men which exposes them to infection as much as men. Also, in this county, most housewives and students are involved in farming and animal husbandry and the occupational variation is low. Therefore, it is complex to discuss the association between sex and occupation with intestinal parasitic infections in this area. According to current finding, there was no significant association between sex and occupation with the infection, similar most studies carried out on the prevalence of intestinal parasites (9–11, 15). The prevalence of parasitic infections in the age group ≤ 9 year was 42.6% (95% CI 34.6 to 53–7%), higher than other groups but there was no statistically significant association between age groups and parasitic infections. The most common intestinal parasite in this age group was G. lamblia. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between Giardia infection and age group. It seems the lower levels of personal hygiene in children can be attributed to the higher prevalence of intestinal parasites in them. Regarding the participant’s education level, although no significant association was found between the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and level of education, the results of this study indicate that as the level of literacy increases, the rate of parasitic infection decreases. Educated people are more aware of the transmission of parasitic infection and they may apply the necessary measurements to avoid the infection. Also, the results of this study showed the odds ratioof the infection in participants with and without close contact with the animal was almost same. These results indicate that domestic animals do not play a bold role in the transmission of intestinal parasites detected in this study to humans in Rudbar-e Jonub county. Study limitations The response rate was almost low (57.4%). Because of cultural reasons, stool specimens were collected once from each participant whereas for standard diagnosis of intestinal parasites, at least three specimens in three alternate days are necessary and also Graham test for E. vermicularis diagnosis was not done. Furthermore, because of financial constraints and limited facilities, molecular methods for identification of E. histolytica/dispar complex and modified acid-fast staining for detection of coccidia was not done. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county. Despite the downtrend of parasitic infections in Iran, compared to past decades, intestinal parasites especially protozoans remain a challenging public health problem wherever sanitation and health measures are limited. Declarations Acknowledgments The authors thank Rudbar-e Jonub Health Center staff for their bits of help in collecting the samples. Authors’ contributions MJ. AA, M. B, M.R and M.M designed the study. MJ. AA Writing original draft, V.B carried out the statistical analysis, S. A, M. A, R. H and M. S collected the specimens and carried out the experiments. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Funding This study was funded by Jiroft University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. p–96–53). Availability of data and materials The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study may be made available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request. Ethics approval and consent to participate Informed consent was obtained from the participants or their parents, in term of children. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. Confidentiality of the details of the participants was assured. Consent for publication Not applicable. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 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Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Jan, 2020 Read the published version in BMC Infectious Diseases → Version 1 posted Review # 2 received at journal 11 Nov, 2019 Editorial decision: Major revision 11 Nov, 2019 Review # 1 received at journal 04 Nov, 2019 Reviewer # 2 agreed at journal 31 Oct, 2019 Reviewer # 1 agreed at journal 20 Oct, 2019 Editor assigned by journal 04 Oct, 2019 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Oct, 2019 Submission checks completed at journal 01 Oct, 2019 Editor invited by journal 01 Oct, 2019 First submitted to journal 26 Sep, 2019 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6359","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":175847,"identity":"e1d618f7-8f37-44dc-88fe-678a72bd8420","order_by":1,"name":"Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-6432","institution":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"Javad Abbaszadeh","lastName":"Afshar","suffix":""},{"id":175848,"identity":"dc8d0bae-e488-4d30-bf02-d43d353ef441","order_by":2,"name":"Maryam Barkhori Mehni","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHgYGxgYGHjb25gMHPgD5bOzEauHjOZb4cAZICzORWhjkJHKMjXlAAoS06DbwHt3wcccdGTaJtDRpm1/b5PmYGRg/fMzBrcXsAF/azZlnnvGw8Tw+Jp3bd9uwjZmBWXLmNnxaeMxu87YdBnofaEtuz21GoBY2Zl5CWv6CtDDkmElb9ty2J04LI0gLB9D7DD9uJxLWchjol16QFlAg9zbcTm5jZmzG75fjvcdu/Gw7bC/fDozKH39u285vbz744SMeLaixwNgGJhvwqMcAf0hRPApGwSgYBSMFAABgPVJ6EjeAbgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maryam","middleName":"Barkhori","lastName":"Mehni","suffix":""},{"id":175849,"identity":"5f1fcbc6-863d-4a41-b4bf-490c23c777a2","order_by":3,"name":"Mostafa Rezaeian","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mostafa","middleName":"","lastName":"Rezaeian","suffix":""},{"id":175850,"identity":"4cfaefa0-a973-44ce-9683-ea85fe3e7221","order_by":4,"name":"Mehdi Mohebali","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mehdi","middleName":"","lastName":"Mohebali","suffix":""},{"id":175851,"identity":"12440259-f70d-4234-bfd8-a2c253cb7070","order_by":5,"name":"Vali Baigi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vali","middleName":"","lastName":"Baigi","suffix":""},{"id":175852,"identity":"5eeb8ee4-9025-4fc9-9c77-024cfb777bad","order_by":6,"name":"Somayeh Amiri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiroft University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Somayeh","middleName":"","lastName":"Amiri","suffix":""},{"id":175853,"identity":"789ec8f9-1d49-4e9a-a712-19d63b8989e8","order_by":7,"name":"Mohammad Bagher Amirshekari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiroft University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"Bagher","lastName":"Amirshekari","suffix":""},{"id":175854,"identity":"16f75c73-81f8-4fa3-9798-4cb76ca7ca06","order_by":8,"name":"Ruhollah Hamidinia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiroft University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ruhollah","middleName":"","lastName":"Hamidinia","suffix":""},{"id":175855,"identity":"eb835ab7-eb98-486e-bb27-938c9352d6cf","order_by":9,"name":"Mohammad Samimi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiroft University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"","lastName":"Samimi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2019-10-01 13:54:22","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.15697/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.15697/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4730-8","type":"published","date":"2020-01-06T12:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":114335,"identity":"cbd66eca-3b2f-477f-a2cd-3bd0f5aa549f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2019-10-07 21:58:47","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":46631,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Map of the study area. Left: Map of Iran, Right: Location of Rudbar-e Jonub county in Kerman province","description":"","filename":"Fig1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/492236b1-2e3d-4d8c-b7f8-0394e70fe49f/v1/Fig 1.jpg"},{"id":13475474,"identity":"741af7d2-dab3-44e3-8505-d5d14e8e060e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-16 21:25:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":462898,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6359/v1/5f73409d-1679-434f-951a-058e6daccd5d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eDespite the advancement in sanitation infrastructure and hygiene status, intestinal parasitic infection remains a considerable public health problem, especially in developing countries (1). It is estimated that more than three billion people (mostly children) are infected with intestinal parasites around the world (1, 2). In Iran, due to diversity in socioeconomic, geographic, sanitary/hygiene, cultural, and educational status a broad range of intestinal parasites prevalence between 4.7% to 56% have been reported in the apparently healthy populations (3, 4). Because of low socioeconomic status, limited sanitation, and also geographic factors, rural areas are regarded as endemic areas of intestinal parasitic infections in the southern part of Iran (5, 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetermination of the prevalence and distribution pattern of intestinal parasitic infections is a fundamental step to set up a prevention and control program to improve the health status. On the other hand, due to diversity in geographic factors and socio-cultural patterns in different parts of Iran, an epidemiological study is required in each region separately. To our knowledge, there is no study available on the distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in Rudbar-e Jonub county as a tropical area and with a deprived community in southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran. Therefore, this study conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections in Rudbar-e Jonub county inhabitants.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003ch3\u003eStudy Area\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRudbar-e Jonub county with an area about 7000 km\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e located in \u0026ldquo;Hamun-e Jaz Murian\u0026rdquo; wetland basin, southeast edge of Kerman province, southeastern Iran. It is comprised of two districts and four rural districts. Based on information of the Statistical Center of Iran represented in 2016, Rudbar-e Jonub has a population of 105,992 inhabitants in 27,428 households. About 80% of the population settled in rural areas. This area has a warm and semi-arid climate (Fig. 1) (7).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy design and sampling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Rudbar-e Jonub county in 2018. Eight hundred and sixty-one (861) stool specimens were collected through a multistage cluster sampling from 4 rural districts of the county as the study strata. In each rural district, health centers selected through proportional-to-size random sampling. Ten households covered by each health center were selected using the systematic sampling approach. All members of the selected households were invited to take part in the study. If individuals in a household refused to take part, the next household was invited. A pre-designed checklist including sex, age group, occupation, education level, source of drinking water, type of residency, and animal close contact was filled for each participant. Stool specimens were collected in a wide-mouth container with tight-fitting lids. The collected specimens were transferred immediately to the laboratory affiliated to Jiroft University of Medical Sciences for subsequent examinations. Out of a total of 300 households (1500 individuals) approached, 42.6 % refused to give the sample (Response rate = 57.4 %).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLaboratory procedures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe stool specimens were examined for consistency, color, the presence of blood and mucus and adult intestinal helminths, macroscopically. For microscopic examination, a direct wet-mount was prepared for the fresh specimens with a watery consistency. Also, all specimens examined by formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation and agar plate culture methods. The specimen collection, processing, shipping, and the parasitological methods were carried out as described by Garcia et al (8). All microscopic evaluations and identification were made by the same observer(s) blinded to participants information. Specimens were considered positive if the helminth eggs, larvae, or cysts and/or trophozoites of protozoans were detected by at least one of the three methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe frequency was calculated for qualitative and categorical variables.The crude and adjusted associations between intestinal parasitic infection and determinants were assessed using univariate and multiple logistic regressions. To adjust for the population distribution, poststratification corrections were made to sampling weights. Statistical significance was accepted at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e values \u0026lt;0.05. Statistical analysis was done using Stata v.14.2 (Stata Corp LP, Texas, USA).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOver one year, from 170 households, 861 stool specimens from the participants including 400 (46.1%) males and 461 (53.9%) females were collected. The majority of the participants were children up to 9 years of age (25.9%). Only 6.9 % of the participants had an academic education and 20.5% of them were illiterate. 35.6% of the participants had no safe drinking water (Table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt least one species of the intestinal parasites was found in 34.2% (95% CI 30.1 to 38.2) of the participants. Multiple infections with 2 or 3 parasitic agents constituted 22.7% of 295 infected cases. Any parasitic agent was seen in direct examination (performed on the samples with a watery consistency) and also agar plate culture method. The prevalence of detected intestinal parasites by formalin-ether sedimentation method embedded in Table 2. The prevalence of protozoan parasites 32.3% (95% CI 28.4 to 36.5) was significantly higher than helminthic parasites 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.7). \u003cem\u003eBlastocystis hominis,\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eEntamoeba coli\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eGiardia lamblia\u003c/em\u003e were the most common intestinal protozoan with a prevalence of 13.3 (95% CI 11.0 to 15.5), 11.4 (95% CI 8.7 to 15.4) and 10.6 (95% CI 8.5 to 13.1), respectively. \u003cem\u003eEntamoeba histolytica/dispar,\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eIodamoeba bütschlii,\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eChilomastix mesnili\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eEntamoeba hartmanni\u003c/em\u003e were other detected protozoan parasites in the study. Also, the most prevalent helminthic infection was \u003cem\u003eHymenolepis nana\u003c/em\u003e with a prevalence of 2.4 (95% CI 1.5 - 3.9). \u003cem\u003eAscaris lumbricoides\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eEnterobius Vermicularis\u003c/em\u003e were other detected helminthic parasites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results of unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses of the risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among the participants embedded in Table 3. Among possible risk factors investigated in this study, the source of drinking water and residency status (rural/urban) were found to have a significant association with intestinal parasitic infections. There was no association between the infection and sex, age group, occupation, education level, and animal close contact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 460.45pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"4\" width=\"614\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eTable1 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of participants (n=861)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eNumber\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003ePercent (un-weighted)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003ePercent (weighted)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eSex\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eMale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e400\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e46.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e46.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eFemale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e461\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e53.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e53.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eAge group\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026le;9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e234\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e27.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e25.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e10 to 19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e151\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e17.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e16.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e20 to 29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e134\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e15.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e15.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e30 to 39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e156\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e18.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e18.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e40 to 49\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e98\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e11.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e11.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e50\u0026le;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e88\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e10.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eOccupation \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eHousewife\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e222\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e25.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e26.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eChildren\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e132\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e15.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e13.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eStudent\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e202\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e23.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e24.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eFarmer \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e136\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e15.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e15.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eEmployed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e70\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e8.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e8.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eUnemployed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e2.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e2.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eOthers \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e75\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e8.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e8.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eEducation level\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eChildren under 6-yr\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e135\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e15.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e13.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eElementary school\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e242\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e28.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e28.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eHigh school\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e256\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e29.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e30.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eUniversity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e6.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e6.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eIlliterate\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e173\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e20.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e20.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eSource of drinking water \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eTap water\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e558\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e64.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e64.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eSpring or well water\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e303\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e35.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e35.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eAnimal close contact\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eYes \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e501\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e58.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e60.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eNo \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e360\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e41.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e39.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eResidency status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eRural\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e751\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e87.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e87.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134.45pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"179\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eUrban\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e110\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e12.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 113.4pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e12.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 455.2pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"607\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eTable 2 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003ePrevalence of intestinal parasites in the participants (n=861)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: .2in;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eParasite \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eNumber of infected\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003ePrevalence (95%CI\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 12.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eProtozoa\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eBlastocystis hominis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e114\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e13.3 (11.0 to 15.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eEntamoeba coli \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e98\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e11.4 (8.7 to 15.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: .2in;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eGiardia lamblia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e92\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e10.6 (8.5 to 13.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eEntamoeba histolytica/dispar\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.5 (0.8 to 2.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: .2in;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eIodamoeba b\u0026uuml;tschlii\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.0 (0.5 to 1.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eChilomastix mesnili\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.5 (0.1 to 1.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: .2in;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eEntamoeba hartmanni\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.4 (0.1 to 1.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: .2in;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eTotal\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e280\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e32.3 (28.4 to 36.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: .2in;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 12.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eHelminths\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eHymenolepis nana\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e2.4 (1.5 to 3.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: .2in;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eEnterobius Vermicularis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.3 (0.0 to 0.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eAscaris lumbricoides\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.3 (0.1 to 1.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 21.75pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eTotal \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e3.2 (2.1 to 4.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.5in; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eTotal\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e295\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.75pt;\" width=\"169\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e34.2 (30.1 to 38.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: .2in;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 455.2pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .2in;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"607\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003ea\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eCI: confidence interval\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eThere were also some cases of coinfection with two or three species \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 495.0pt; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" width=\"660\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 495.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"4\" width=\"660\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eTable3 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eUnivariate and multiple analysis of intestinal parasitic infections and potential risk factors (n=861)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eRisk factors\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003ePrevalence (95% CI)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eOR\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e (95 % CI)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eOR\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e (95 % CI)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eSex\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eMale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e35.4 (29.1 to 42.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eFemale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e32.8 (28.1 to 37.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.0 (0.7 to 1.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.1 (0.8 to 1.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eAge group\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026le;9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e42.6 (34.6 to 53.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e10 to 19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e35.9 (28.0 to 44.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.8 (0.5 to 1.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.7 (0.3 to 1.1) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e20 to 29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e23.9 (17.0 to 32.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.5 (0.3 to 0.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.4 (0.2 to 1.0) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e30 to 39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e31.1 (23.9 to 39.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.7 (0.4 to 1.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.8 (0.4 to 1.2) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e40 to 49\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e36.2 (26.4 to 47.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.8 (0.4 to 1.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.8 (0.4 to 1.4) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e50\u0026le;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e25.4 (16.4 to 37.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.6 (0.3 to 1.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.5 (0.3 to 1.2) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eOccupation \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eHousewife\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e30.6 (24.1 to 38.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eChildren\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e32.4 (24.5 to 41.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.0 (0.6 to 1.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e2.2 (0.5 to 3.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eStudent\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e45.8 (36.0 to 56.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.4 (0.9 to 2.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.1 (0.5 to 2.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eFarmer\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e32.3 (24.6 to 41.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.1 (0.7 to 1.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.0 (0.5 to 1.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eEmployed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e20.3 (12.0 to 32.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.6 (0.3 to 1.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.6 (0.3 to 1.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eUnemployed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e47.0 (26.2 to 68.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.4 (0.6 to 3.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.3 (0.5 to 3.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eOthers \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e27.6 (17.7 to 40.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.8 (0.4 to 1.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.6 (0.3 to 1.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eEducation level \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eHigh school\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e29.7 (22.2 to 38.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eChildren under 6-yr\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e38.5 (29.3 to 48.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.7 (0.4 to 1.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.1 (0.1 to 0.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eElementary school\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e35.1 (29.0 to 41.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.9 (0.6 to 1.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.7 (0.5 to 1.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eUniversity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e22.0 (12.3 to 36.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.4 (0.2 to 0.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.5 (0.2 to 1.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eIlliterate\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e33.0 (25.6 to 41.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.8 (0.5 to 1.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.7 (0.4 to 1.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 3.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"360\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eSource of drinking water\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eTap water\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e31.6 (26.4 to 37.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eSpring or well water\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e38.4 (32.6 to 44.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.3 (1.0 to 1.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.3 (1.0 to 1.8)\u003csup\u003e *\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 3.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"360\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eAnimal close contact\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eNo \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e32.7 (27.6 to 38.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e34.9 (29.4 to 40.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.1 (0.8 to 1.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1.0 (0.7 to 1.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 12.15pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 12.15pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eResidency status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 12.15pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 12.15pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 12.15pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 27.35pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.35pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eRural\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 17.25pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eUrban\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.35pt;\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e34.8 (30.5 to 39.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e28.6 (20.0 to 39.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.35pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.6 (0.3 to 0.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.35pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e0.4 (0.2 to 0.7)\u003csup\u003e *\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 495.0pt; border: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"4\" width=\"660\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003ea\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eCrude odds ratio\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eAdjusted odds ratio \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eIndicates \u003cem\u003ep \u0026le; 0.05\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe results of this study showed one-third (34.2%) of the inhabitants in Rudbar-e Jonub were infected by intestinal parasites. This finding is consistent with the studies carried out in apparently healthy inhabitants in recent decades in rural and tribal areas of the country. Barkhori et al. (9) reported 28% of the infection in Jiroft district, near the studied area. Similarly, a relatively high prevalence of the infection in nomadic tribes of Khuzestan province (25.4%) and rural inhabitants of Mazandaran (25%), Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (37.5%), Lorestan (32.5) and Hamadan (35.1%) provinces has been reported (10–14). Also, Hemmati et al. (15) in a study on inhabitants of Rudehen in Tehran province, capital of Iran, have reported 32.7% of the infection. Besides, some studies reported a significant prevalence of 48.8% in rural inhabitants of Hormozgan (6) and 56% in nomadic tribes of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces (4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe finding of the current and aforementioned studies reflects the fact that in spite of advances in sanitation and personal/public health measures, it seems there is still not enough arrangements for controlling of intestinal parasites and these neglected agents especially protozoans are still a significant public health problem in rural and tribal areas of the country. The importance of this issue will become clear when we know these reported prevalences seem to be less than the actual value because in most studies on intestinal parasites prevalence only one stool specimen of subjects was collected for examination whereas for a standard diagnosis collecting three sequential specimens in three alternate days is required (16). Also, in most studies, no specific methods such as modified acid-fast staining and Graham test for diagnosis of coccidia and \u003cem\u003eE. vermicularis\u003c/em\u003e respectively, are performed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBlastocystis sp.,\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eE. coli,\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. lamblia\u003c/em\u003e were the most common intestinal parasites among the study population similar to other studies in Iran (6, 9–11). All of them have a fecal-oral transmission mode, indicates poor hygiene in Rudbar-e Jonub county. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the current findings, the prevalence of \u003cem\u003eBlastocystis sp.\u003c/em\u003e infection was found at 13.3% (95% CI 11.0 to 15.5). The reported range of \u003cem\u003eBlastocystis\u003c/em\u003e infection in the apparently healthy populations in the country varies from 7.5% to 28.4% (10, 15). Several studies have revealed an association between carrying the parasite and some clinical manifestations that is controversial yet (17–19). In this study, the highest prevalence of \u003cem\u003eBlastocystis\u003c/em\u003e infections was observed in the age group of 30 to 39 year. Some studies have suggested that the incidence of \u003cem\u003eBlastocystis\u003c/em\u003e infection increases with age (15, 20). Due to the unclear aspects of zoonotic, mode of transmission, and potential host factors important for colonization, it seems, discussion about such association needs more evidence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e in the current study was found 11.4% (95% CI 8.7 to 15.4). In the studies carried out in recent decade on apparently healthy people in Iran, the prevalence of \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e reported up to 18.9% (13). Although \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e and other non-pathogenic parasites detected in this study do not cause infection, their presence indicates the fecal-oral transmission in the host, which is an indicator for the general assessment of the hygiene status of the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the prevalence of \u003cem\u003eGiardia\u003c/em\u003e infection was 10.6% (95% CI 8.5 - 13.1). The prevalence of \u003cem\u003eG. lamblia\u003c/em\u003e in the apparently healthy populations in Iran has been reported 33.9% and 10.2% in 2008 (10, 11), 28.2% and 8.9% in 2009 (4, 14), 17.2% in 2011 (6), 2.2% in 2014 (13), 17.4% and 7.8% in 2016 (9, 12), and 1.2% in 2017 (15). The overall prevalence of \u003cem\u003eGiardia\u003c/em\u003e has shown a declining trend during the past decade but it appears to be still relatively high depending on the target population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of human helminthic diseases declined sharply in recent decades throughout Iran but some of them, particularly those with direct fecal-oral transmissions, such as \u003cem\u003eHymenolepis\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eEnterobius,\u003c/em\u003e remain common in some parts of the country (21).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the current study, the helminthic infection was limited to only three species among which most infection was related to \u003cem\u003eH. nana\u003c/em\u003e 2.4% (95% CI 1.5 to 3.9). Although the prevalence of \u003cem\u003eH. nana\u003c/em\u003e in human has fallen since 1970 (21) it remains relatively common in the rural an tribal areas of Iran (4, 9, 10). \u003cem\u003eE. vermicularis\u003c/em\u003e with a 0.3% (95% CI 0.0 to 0.9) prevalence was another detected helminthic infection. Given that the Graham test was not done in this study, the actual prevalence is probably higher than the reported value. Reduction in the prevalence of these parasites will need more direct interventions, such as the employing experienced technician in medical laboratories and treatment of infected cases and also, health education to informing people from transmission route of these helminthic infections. Also, 0.3% (95% CI 0.1 to 1.3) of infection with \u003cem\u003eA. lumbricoides\u003c/em\u003e as a soil-transmitted helminth (STH) was detected in this study. Due to effective measures to improve public health in Iran the prevalence of \u003cem\u003eA. lumbricoides \u003c/em\u003edropped from 46.7% in 1987 (22), 17.8% in 1992 (23), and 16.3% in 1996 (24) to 0.4% in this study. Low prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections in Rudbar-e Jonub is in concordance with the result of recent studies in other parts of Iran (9, 13, 15).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, several possible determinants associated with intestinal parasitic infections were investigated and a significant association was found between intestinal parasitic infections and, source of drinking water and residency status (rural/urban). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe source of drinking water is an important risk factor for infection with intestinal protozoa such that a waterborne transmission of all detected protozoa in this study is possible. In this study, 35.2% of the participants were deprived of safe drinking water. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in participants who used non-sanitary drinking water was 38.4% (95% CI 32.6 to 44.6%), significantly higher than other participants, suggesting the possibility of waterborne transmission. Similar results have been reported in some studies regarding the importance of sources of drinking water (9, 15). The need for improvement of public health infrastructure in Rudbar-e Jonub county is evident.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout 80% of the population in Rudbar-e Jonub have a rural lifestyle. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, significantly. Rural lifestyle is itself risky due to insufficient infrastructure, disorganization in health services and lower socioeconomic living conditions (25). Several studies on human parasitic infections have revealed a common association between parasitic infections and lower socioeconomic status of rural area in Iran (5, 6, 26).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIn this study, intestinal parasitic infections showed no significant association with sex, age group, occupation, education level, and animal close contact.\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn rural life of Rudbar-e Jonub, most women are involved in outdoor activities including farming and animal husbandry as like as men which exposes them to infection as much as men. Also, in this county, most housewives and students are involved in farming and animal husbandry and the occupational variation is low. Therefore, it is complex to discuss the association between sex and occupation with intestinal parasitic infections in this area. According to current finding, there was no significant association between sex and occupation with the infection, similar most studies carried out on the prevalence of intestinal parasites (9–11, 15).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of parasitic infections in the age group ≤ 9 year was 42.6% (95% CI 34.6 to 53–7%), higher than other groups but there was no statistically significant association between age groups and parasitic infections. The most common intestinal parasite in this age group was \u003cem\u003eG. lamblia.\u003c/em\u003e Univariate analysis showed a significant association between \u003cem\u003eGiardia\u003c/em\u003e infection and age group. It seems the lower levels of personal hygiene in children can be attributed to the higher prevalence of intestinal parasites in them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding the participant’s education level, although no significant association was found between the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and level of education, the results of this study indicate that as the level of literacy increases, the rate of parasitic infection decreases. Educated people are more aware of the transmission of parasitic infection and they may apply the necessary measurements to avoid the infection. Also, the results of this study showed the odds ratioof the infection in participants with and without close contact with the animal was almost same. These results indicate that domestic animals do not play a bold role in the transmission of intestinal parasites detected in this study to humans in Rudbar-e Jonub county.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStudy limitations\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe response rate was almost low (57.4%). Because of cultural reasons, stool specimens were collected once from each participant whereas for standard diagnosis of intestinal parasites, at least three specimens in three alternate days are necessary and also Graham test for \u003cem\u003eE. vermicularis\u003c/em\u003e diagnosis was not done. Furthermore, because of financial constraints and limited facilities, molecular methods for identification of \u003cem\u003eE. histolytica/dispar\u003c/em\u003e complex and modified acid-fast staining for detection of coccidia was not done.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county. Despite the downtrend of parasitic infections in Iran, compared to past decades, intestinal parasites especially protozoans remain a challenging public health problem wherever sanitation and health measures are limited.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch3\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors thank Rudbar-e Jonub Health Center staff for their bits of help in collecting the samples.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAuthors’ contributions\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMJ. AA, M. B, M.R and M.M designed the study. MJ. AA Writing original draft, V.B carried out the statistical analysis, S. A, M. A, R. H and M. S collected the specimens and carried out the experiments. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFunding\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was funded by Jiroft University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. p–96–53).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study may be made available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from the participants or their parents, in term of children. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. Confidentiality of the details of the participants was assured.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDeclaration of Competing Interest\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAuthor details\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eVice-President of Health Affairs, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran. \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003eDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003cp\u003e1.WHO. World health organization (WHO), Amoebiasis. Weekly. Epidemiol. Rec; 72, 97–100. Sudan University of Science and Technology Questionnair. 1997.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.Haque R. Human intestinal parasites. Journal of health, population, and nutrition. 2007;25(4):387.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.Nasiri V, Esmailnia K, Karim G, Nasir M, Akhavan O. Intestinal parasitic infections among inhabitants of Karaj City, Tehran province, Iran in 2006–2008. The Korean journal of parasitology. 2009;47(3):265.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.Pestehchian N, Nazari M, Haghighi A, Salehi M, Yosefi HA, Khosravi N. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among inhabitants and tribes of Chelgerd, Iran, 2008–2009. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2015;9(5):LC01.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.Haghighi A, Khorashad AS, Mojarad EN, Kazemi B, Nejad MR, Rasti S. Frequency of enteric protozoan parasites among patients with gastrointestinal complaints in medical centers of Zahedan, Iran. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009;103(5):452–4.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.Kuzehkanani AB, Rezaei S, Babaei Z, Niyyati M, Hashemi S, Rezaeian M. Enteric protozoan parasites in rural areas of Bandar-Abbas, southern Iran: comparison of past and present situation. Iranian journal of public health. 2011;40(1):80.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.\u003ca href=\"https://www.amar.org.ir/english/Population-and-Housing-Censuses\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.amar.org.ir/english/Population-and-Housing-Censuses\"\u003ehttps://www.amar.org.ir/english/Population-and-Housing-Censuses\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/a\u003e [Internet]. 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.Garcia LS, Arrowood M, Kokoskin E, Paltridge GP, Pillai DR, Procop GW, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2018;31(1):e00025–17.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.Mahni MB, Rezaeian M, Eshrat Beigom K, Raeisi A, Khanaliha K, Tarighi F, et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Jiroft, Kerman Province, Iran. Iranian journal of parasitology. 2016;11(2):232.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.Mowlavi G, MirAhmadi H, Rezaeian M, Kia E, Rokni M, Golestan B, et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in tribal parts of Khuzestan Province during 2005–07. Govaresh. 2008;12(4):219–28.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.Kia E, Hosseini M, Nilforoushan M, Meamar A, Rezaeian M. Study of intestinal protozoan parasites in rural inhabitants of Mazandaran province, Northern Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 2008:21–5.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.Sarkari B, Hosseini G, Motazedian MH, Fararouei M, Moshfe A. Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal protozoan infections: a population-based study in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad district, Southwestern Iran. BMC infectious diseases. 2016;16(1):703.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.Jafari R, Fallah M, Yousofi Darani H, Yousefi HA, Mohaghegh MA, Latifi M, et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among rural inhabitants of Hamadan city, Iran, 2012. Avicenna J Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;1(2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.Badparva E, Kheirandish F, Ebrahimzade F. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Lorestan Province, West of Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2014;4:S728-S32.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.Hemmati N, Razmjou E, Hashemi-Hafshejani S, Motevalian A, Akhlaghi L, Meamar AR. Prevalence and risk factors of human intestinal parasites in Roudehen, Tehran province, Iran. Iranian journal of parasitology. 2017;12(3):364.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.Nazer H, Greer W, Donnelly K, Mohamed A, Yaish H, Kagalwalla A, et al. The need for three stool specimens in routine laboratory examinations for intestinal parasites. 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Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. 2014;46(3):204–9.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.Rokni M. The present status of human helminthic diseases in Iran. Annals of Tropical Medicine \u0026amp; Parasitology. 2008;102(4):283–95.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.Jalayer T, Farid H, Katiraei A. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in Dorchepiaz, Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 1987;6(1):9–15.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.Rezaeian M, Saraei M. A survey of the prevalence of human parasites in rural areas of Lahijan. Iran J Public Health. 1992;4(1):29–35.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24.Rezaiian M, Hooshyar H. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in rural areas of Tonekabon, Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 1996:47–58.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25.Balcioglu IC, Kurt Ö, Limoncu ME, Dinç G, Gümüş M, Kilimcioglu AA, et al. Rural life, lower socioeconomic status and parasitic infections. Parasitology international. 2007;56(2):129–33.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.Nematian J, Nematian E, Gholamrezanezhad A, Asgari AA. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and their relation with socio-economic factors and hygienic habits in Tehran primary school students. Acta tropica. 2004;92(3):179–86.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-infectious-diseases","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"infd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Infectious Diseases](http://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/infd","title":"BMC Infectious Diseases","twitterHandle":"#bmcinfectdis","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Intestinal parasites, Human, Prevalence, Iran","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.2.15697/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.15697/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBackground Determination of the prevalence and distribution pattern of intestinal parasites is a fundamental step to set up an effective control program to improve the health status. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county, southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMethods In this cross-sectional study, 861 stool specimens were collected from inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county through a multistage cluster sampling method in 2018. The collected specimens were examined by parasitological methods including, direct wet-mounting (for the fresh specimens with a watery consistency), formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation and agar plate culture.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResults The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 34.2% (95% CI 30.1 to 38.2). The prevalence of protozoan parasites 32.3% (95% CI 28.4 to 36.5) was significantly higher than helminthic parasites 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.7). Blastocystis sp. , Entamoeba coli and Giardia lamblia as protozoan parasite and Hymenolepis nana as helminthic parasite were the most common detected intestinal parasites in the study. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar , Iodamoeba bütschlii , Chilomastix mesnili , Entamoeba hartmanni , Ascaris lambercoides , and Enterobius vermicularis were other detected parasites. Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association of intestinal parasitic infections with source of drinking water and residency status (rural/urban). Multiple infections with 2 or 3 parasitic agents constituted 22.7% of 295 infected cases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county. Intestinal parasites especially protozoans remain a challenging public health problem wherever sanitation and health measures are limited in Iran.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2019-10-07 21:58:47","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.15697/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2019-11-11T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept after minor essential revisions\nForm responses:\n---\n* Are the methods appropriate and well described?: **Yes**\n* Does the work include the necessary controls?: **Unable to assess**\n* Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the data shown?: **Yes**\n* Are you able to assess any statistics in the manuscript or would you recommend an additional statistical review?: **I am able to assess the statistics**\n* Quality of written English: **Needs some language corrections before being published**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I don't have any computing interest.**\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nPrevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran (MS ID: D-D-19-01966)\n\nTo the authors:\n1. In your methods, the non-response rate is 42.6%. But it should in the range of 10-20% to be acceptable in the case of natural/health sciences research? Unless it will questioned the representativeness of your research. Hence, in your limitation part, you need try to convince your reader by including words that reflect its importance despite this imperfection.\n2. In your laboratory procedures, you have said that all specimens examined by formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation. But formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation method is mostly important for determination of helminthic parasites from formed stool?\n3. Your subtitle \"laboratory procedures\" in the method part need to be modified as \"Sample collection and laboratory analysis\". This subsection need to include the process of stool sample collection that is described in your \"study design and sampling\" subsections.\n4. Your result is not properly displayed. For example before you compare the prevalence difference between protozoan and helminths parasitic infections, you need indicate that of the total study participants, how many of your study participants had intestinal parasite infections in general? You should also indicate the P-vales in parenthesis (p-vale \u003e 0.05 or \u003c 0.05) in your result.\n5. In your discussion, some of the paragraphs need to be merged based on the idea it contains.\n"},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2019-11-11T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2019-11-04T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept after discretionary revisions\nForm responses:\n---\n* Are the methods appropriate and well described?: **Yes**\n* Does the work include the necessary controls?: **No**\n* Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the data shown?: **Yes**\n* Are you able to assess any statistics in the manuscript or would you recommend an additional statistical review?: **I am able to assess the statistics**\n* Quality of written English: **Acceptable**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **1. I have not received in the last five years refunds, fees, funds or salaries from an organization that can somehow earn or lose financially for the publication of this manuscript, either now or in the future.\n\n2. I do not have shares or participations in an organization that can somehow gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript, either now or in the future.\n\n3. I currently have no patent related to the content of the manuscript.\n\n4. I have not received refunds, fees, financing or salary from an organization that owns or has applied for patents related to the content of the manuscript.\n\n5. I have no other competing financial interests.\n\n6. I have no competitive non-financial interests in relation to this document\n\n\nI declare that I have no competing interests**\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nn the summary, it does not clarify the age ranges of the population studied, or where the study was conducted. Tamboco adds the prevalence percentages of each parasite, although they are in the results and the attached tables.\nIn the methodology it does not define how many samples for each site studied.\nNor does it add the stains used to identify and the purpose in which they were visualized."},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2019-10-31T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2019-10-20T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2019-10-04T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2019-10-04T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2019-10-01T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2019-10-01T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"","date":"2019-09-26T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-infectious-diseases","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"infd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Infectious Diseases](http://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/infd","title":"BMC Infectious Diseases","twitterHandle":"#bmcinfectdis","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e87f9d34-9c40-4b9f-a755-065936a6f381","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 7th, 2019","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":30359,"name":"Infectious Diseases"},{"id":30360,"name":"Parasitology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6359","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4730-8","journal":{"identity":"bmc-infectious-diseases","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},"publishedOn":"2020-01-06 12:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 6th, 2020"},"versionCreatedAt":"2019-10-07 21:58:47","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12879-019-4730-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4730-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6359","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"identity":"rs-6359","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}