Experiences of Menstruation and Menstrual Stigma Among Transgender, Nonbinary, and Genderqueer Individuals

As menstruation is often framed as feminine, transgender, non-binary and genderqueer menstruators face the intersection of menstrual stigma and transphobia, an understudied phenomenon. This study explored the lived experiences of ten trans, non-binary, and genderqueer menstruators regarding internalized, anticipated, and enacted menstrual stigma. Findings reveal varied levels of internalized stigma, with some participants feeling ashamed or uncomfortable, while others perceived menstruation neutrally. Anticipated stigma, stemming from societal views linking menstruation to femininity, led to fears of misgendering and medical discrimination. Enacted stigma included negative reactions and limited access to menstrual products and suitable restroom infrastructure. Some participants resisted stigma by reframing menstruation positively or neutrally. To promote inclusivity, participants recommended gender-neutral language, menstrual products and disposal bins in all restrooms, and increased representation in period advertising. This study underscores the need for an intersectional approach to address menstrual stigma, acknowledging the diverse experiences of trans communities.