Prevalence and predictors of condom use among people who inject drugs in Georgia

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DeHovitz, George Kamkamidze, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521575/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Feb, 2025 Read the published version in Harm Reduction Journal → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior placing them at high risk of acquiring HIV and other STIs. This study aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of inconsistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners among PWID in Georgia. Methods Integrated Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey was conducted among PWID in seven major cities of Georgia. Study design was cross-sectional with respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodology. Data collection was carried out through individual face-to-face interviews. In this paper we analysed subsample of 619 PWID who reported having casual and/or paid sexual partners during last 12 months and described prevalence and predictors of consistent condom use. Results Consistent condom use during casual and/or paid sex in past 12 months was reported by 49.4% of respondents. The likelihood of consistent use with casual and/or paid sexual partners was statistically significantly associated with residence, family income, drug use frequency, drug dependance and HIV risk self-perceptions. In multivariate analysis independent predictors of always using condom at casual/paid sex during the last 12 months were place of residence (aOR = 6.4; 95% CI: 3.2–12.7), family income (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI:1.3–3.5) and drug use frequency (aOR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.9). Conclusion The study revealed low prevalence of consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners among PWID in Georgia. Integration of safe sex educational interventions in harm reduction services will improve the rates of condom use among PWID and should focus PWID with lower socio-economic status and residing outside capital city. condom PWID HIV risky behavior consistent Introduction Georgia is considered a low HIV prevalence country (estimated 0.4% HIV prevalence in the adult population) with cases of HIV infection concentrated among key affected populations including people who inject drugs (PWID) [ 1 ]. The country has one of the highest rates of injection drug use in the world [ 2 ]. National prevalence estimates for injection drug use are 2.23% in 18–64 years old population, and 1.39% in general population [ 3 ]. According to Georgian AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center 32.6% of HIV cases are among PWID [ 4 ]. Although parenteral exposure resulting from risky injection behavior is the main cause of HIV infection in people who inject drugs (PWID) [ 5 , 6 ], a significant proportion of HIV infection in this population is sexually transmitted [ 7 , 8 ]. PWID are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior, placing them at high risk of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)as well as subsequent transmission to non-drug-using sexual partners [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Correct and consistent use of condoms is an effective measure of preventing transmission of STIs including HIV [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. While, condom use is one of the main interventions to prevent HIV infection for key affected populations and general public [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], interventions among PWID are mainly focused on reduction of injection risk behaviors [ 20 , 21 ]. Unsafe injection practices can be significantly reduced with such interventions, but unsafe sexual behavior among PWID is difficult to modify [ 22 , 23 ] and multiple studies show high rates of unprotected sex among PWID [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Given that PWID are at higher risk of HIV and other STIs compared to the general population they represent a vulnerable population who need specific approach addressing not only drug-related but also sexual risk behaviors. This study aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of inconsistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners among PWID in Georgia. Methods An Integrated Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey (IBSS) was conducted among PWID in seven major cities of Georgia: Tbilisi (capital city), Gori, Rustavi, Telavi, Batumi, Zugdidi, and Kutaisi. Study design was cross-sectional. Study participants were recruited by respondent-driven sampling (RDS) utilizing recruitment of research participants by other participants. The RDS method is based on social network theory and includes non-probability "snowball sampling” with mathematical modeling, which allows weighing the sample. This allows the investigation to get closer to representative estimates as much as possible [ 29 ]. The recruitment of study participants included a double incentive system: a primary reward for participating in the study and a secondary reward for recruiting other PWID into the study. The primary reward was 20 GEL (approximately 7 USD), and the secondary reward was 10 GEL (approximately 3.5 USD) for the inclusion of each new respondent in the study. Study participants were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: age ≥ 18 years, drug injection practice at least once in the 30 days prior to the survey, residence in the selected cities where the survey was conducted, willingness and ability to give informed consent for study participation. The assessment of potential study participants for being PWID was done by informal interview addressing drug prices, slang names, preparation, and injection techniques. In addition, objective signs of injecting drug use were assessed. Each eligible potential study participant was informed about the purpose, objectives, methods, procedures, risks, and benefits of the study. All individuals who agreed to participate in the study signed an informed consent form and then were enrolled in the study. The study included behavioral and biomarker components. The behavioral component data collection was carried out through individual, face-to-face interviews. The survey tool was a structured questionnaire collecting the following information: socio-demographic characteristics, injection practices, sexual behavior, use of HIV-preventive programs, and social factors related to drug use. The biomarker component of the study included testing of blood samples for HIV infection, hepatitis B and hepatitis C (the results of this component will be reported elsewhere). Before initiation of field work, the study protocol and instruments were reviewed and approved by Institutional Review Board of Health Research Union (IRB00009520; IORG005619). In total 2005 PWID participated in the study. In this paper we analysed a subsample of 619 PWID who reported having casual and/or paid sexual partners during the last 12 months and described prevalence and predictors of consistent condom use. “Casual sexual partner” was defined as a sexual partner who is not a regular partner and with whom a sexual relationship is established without financial compensation. “Paid sexual partner” was defined as a sexual partner with whom a sexual relationship is established in exchange for material remuneration (pays the partner or receives remuneration from the partner). “Consistent condom use” was defined as self-reported “always using condom” with casual and/or paid sexual partners during the last 12 months. Descriptive statistical methods were used to characterize socio-demographics, sexual behavior and condom use of study population. In bivariate analysis study variables were compared between different study groups (participants who consistently used condoms and those who did not) using chi-square test for categorized data. Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of consistent condom use. Results As noted above 619 PWID (30.7%) reported having casual and/or paid sex during the last 12 months. Almost all participants (n = 612, 98.9%) were males. The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 67 years (median age 39 years). The vast majority of the study participants were ethnically Georgian (n = 605, 97.7%). 30.7% (n = 190) held a university degree. 33.6% (n = 208) of the surveyed PWID were married and almost two thirds (n = 384, 62.0%) were unemployed. Most of the respondents (n = 491, 79.4%) lived with their spouse/partner, parents, or relatives. Most of the study participants’ family income (n = 210, 55.9%) was less than 700 GEL (270 USD) per month (Table 1 ). Table 2 describes sexual behavior and condom use with casual and paid sexual partners. Most of the respondents (n = 491, 79.9%) had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 18. The median age of sexual debut was 16 years. The majority of surveyed individuals (n = 396, 64.9%) had three or more sexual partners during the last 12 months. 329 (54.5%) of the study subjects reported using a condom during the last sexual intercourse with any sexual partner and 460 (74.3%) with casual and/or paid sex partner. Nearly two thirds of the interviewed PWID (n = 375, 61.8%) indicated that were under the influence of drugs during the last sexual contact. Most of the study subjects (n = 517, 83.5%) did not have any problems with obtaining condoms. Condom use during the last sexual intercourse was the result of a shared decision with the partner among 98 (46.4%) of PWID, in 68 (32.2%) - only the respondent's decision, and in 29 (13.7%) - only the partner's decision. The main reasons for not using a condom at last sexual contact were: “not considering necessary to use condoms” (n = 9, 42.9%) and “not liking to use condoms” (n = 5, 23.8%). Consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sex during the last 12 months was reported by only 306 (49.4%) of the respondents. By bivariate analysis the likelihood of consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partner was statistically significantly associated with residence, family income, drug use frequency, drug dependance and HIV risk self-perceptions. T probability of always using condom during casual/paid sex was higher among the respondents residing in Tbilisi (73.2%) compared to those living in other regional cities (43.3%) (OR = 3.5; CI: 2.3–5.5). PWID with family income ≥ 500 GEL (approximately 200 USD) were more likely to use condoms consistently with casual/paid sexual partners than those with lower income (57.3% vs 41.5%, OR = 1.8; 95% CI:1.2–2.9)). A lower proportion of the respondents who injected drugs frequently (once a week or more) always used condom at casual/paid sex compared to more rare injectors (once or several times per month) (46.7% vs 56.5%; OR = 0.6; 95% CI:0.4–0.9). PWID who didn’t perceive themselves as drug dependent (56.0%) were more likely to report consistent condom use at casual/paid sex, than those who did (45.8%) (OR = 1.5; 95% CI:1.1–2.1). HIV risk self-perception was also associated with consistent condom use, as higher percentage of the respondents who thought that they were under the risk of contracting HIV were always using condom with casual/paid sexual partners, compared to those who didn’t consider themselves at risk of HIV (50.8% vs. 35.7%; OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–3.2) (Table 3). In multivariate analysis independent predictors of always using condom at casual/paid sex during the last 12 months were place of residence (aOR = 6.4; 95% CI: 3.2–12.7), family income (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI:1.3–3.5) and drug use frequency (aOR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.9) (Table 3). Discussion This study revealed high levels of risky sexual behavior among PWID in Georgia. The findings indicate that substantially higher proportion of the interviewed PWID had multiple sex partners (64.9% had ≥ 3 sexual partners) compared to other studies conducted in different countries where this indicator varied between 14–47% [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. We also found a high prevalence of unprotected last sexual intercourse with any type of sexual partner among PWID and this finding is consistent with other studies [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Consistent condom use during casual and/or paid sex was reported only by 49.4% of PWID. Other studies also showed the high rates of inconsistent condom use among PWID [38 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Low rates of consistent condom use among PWID can be a consequence of sex under influence of drugs. Many PWID take drugs before sexual intercourse which can influence their decision and negotiation with partner on condom use. One important finding was that the frequency of drug use showed a positive association with inconsistent condom use. This finding is in line with previous studies suggesting that substance use leads to risky sexual behaviors [ 43 , 44 , 45 46 ]. Drug use might decrease the perception of risky behaviors and capacity to control these behaviors among PWID and thus could facilitate the engagement into risky sexual behaviors. It underlies the importance of enrollment and adherence to opioid substitution therapy (OST) among PWID, as being on OST, adhering to treatment and terminating injection drug use could lead to safer sexual practices and decreased risk of HIV and other STI transmission [ 47 , 48 ]. We found that the study participants who had higher family income were more likely to use condoms constantly with casual and/or paid sexual partners. It seems that PWID with low family income cannot afford to buy condoms, thus it is very important among key populations to enhance programs that promote condom use not only through education but also increase access to condoms [ 49 ]. Our opinion is supported by a study conducted by Song YS et al finding that taking condoms from clinic stocks was the best predictor of condom possession, which in turn was the best predictor of condom use among men enrolled in drug treatment programs [ 50 ]. Our study also showed that living in other cities was associated with higher odds of inconsistent condom use compared to living in Tbilisi (capital city). IBSS survey conducted in 2009 among PWID in Georgia showed similar association with place of residence regarding inconsistent condom use and “dual risk behavior” defined as both unsafe injecting behavior at last injection and not using condom at last casual and/or paid sex [ 51 , 52 ]. This means that PWID from regional areas of the country are still more likely to practice unsafe sexual behaviors suggesting the need for additional behavioral health education about safe sex practices among PWID residing outside the capital city. Health education targeted at individual’s risk self-perception, behavioral and normative beliefs would likely influence sexual risk behaviors among PWID. In addition, there must be an increased efforts to reduce drug use as previous studies have shown that behavioral health education in combination with OST have positive impact on reduction of HIV related risk behaviors [ 53 , 54 ]. The study had some limitations. First, data were collected through face-to-face interviews, therefore may be subject to social desirability bias which is particularly problematic in studies involving sexual behavior, as respondents may not accurately answered some of the sensitive questions, either by underreporting stigmatized activities or by overreporting normative ones, if their actual behavior is considered socially unacceptable. Second, the findings rely on the study participants’ self-reported data which can be accompanied by recall bias, as the study participants may have had difficulties in recalling information about their sexual behavior in the past 12 months. Third, because of cross-sectional study design, it is not possible to make causal inferences. Conclusion The study highlights low prevalence of consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners among PWID in Georgia. Integration of education about safe sexual practices into harm reduction services is an important component to decrease unsafe sexual practices and improve the rates of condom use among PWID in Georgia. Safe sex educational interventions should focus PWID with lower socio-economic status and residing outside capital city. Declarations Ethics Declaration All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Funding Declaration No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. Statement on Informed Consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Competing Interest declaration Authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests associated with the manuscript and there has been no significant financial support to this work that could have influenced the outcome. Author Contribution MK – development of the research idea, data analysis, original drafting of the manuscript.MB – development of the research idea, supervision of the research, review and editing of the manuscript.JD - review and editing of the manuscript.GK – data analysis, review and editing of the manuscript.LG – data collection, data managementTA – data collection, administration of the projectMD - development of the research idea, supervision of the research, review and editing of the manuscript. Acknowledgements Research reported in this publication was supported by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43 TW011532. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Data Availability The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to reasons of sensitivity and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data are located in controlled access data storage at Health Research Union, Tbilisi, Georgia. References UNAIDS. Country Progress Report – Georgia. Global AIDS Monitoring 2020. Available at: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/GEO_2020_countryreport.pdf. Degenhardt L, Peacock A, Colledge S, Leung J, Grebely J, Vickerman P, et al. 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Sexual behaviors among methadone maintenance patients in a mountainous area in northern Vietnam. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2017 Aug 25;12(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s13011-017-0123-4. PMID: 28841918; PMCID: PMC5574107. Hearst N, Chen S. Condom promotion for AIDS prevention in the developing world: is it working? Stud Fam Plann. 2004 Mar;35(1):39-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2004.00004.x. PMID: 15067787. Song YS, Calsyn DA, Doyle SR, Dierst-Davies R, Chen T, Sorensen JL. Predictors of condom use among men enrolled in drug treatment programs. AIDS Educ Prev. 2009 Oct;21(5):460-73. doi: 10.1521/aeap.2009.21.5.460. PMID: 19842829; PMCID: PMC3689147. Chikovani I, Goguadze K, Bozicevic I, Rukhadze N, Gotsadze G. Determinants of risky sexual behavior among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Georgia. AIDS Behav. 2013 Jun;17(5):1906-13. doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0296-9. PMID: 22968396. Chikovani I, Bozicevic I, Goguadze K, Rukhadze N, Gotsadze G. Unsafe injection and sexual risk behavior among injecting drug users in Georgia. J Urban Health. 2011 Aug;88(4):736-48. doi: 10.1007/s11524-011-9571-8. PMID: 21717253; PMCID: PMC3157497. Chawarski MC, Zhou W, Schottenfeld RS. Behavioral drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (BDRC) in MMT programs in Wuhan, China: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Jun 1;115(3):237-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.024. Epub 2010 Dec 14. PMID: 21159452; PMCID: PMC3076517. Chawarski MC, Mazlan M, Schottenfeld RS. Behavioral drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (BDRC) with abstinence-contingent take-home buprenorphine: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Apr 1;94(1-3):281-4. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.008. Epub 2007 Dec 27. PMID: 18164145. Tables Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics Characteristics N % Age ≤30 years 124 20 >30 years 495 80 Median age (min-max) 39 (18-67) Gender Male 612 98.9 Female 7 1.1 Nationality Georgian 605 97.7 Other 14 2.3 Education Primary (1- 4 classes) 5 0.8 Secondary (school, technical school, vocational school) 357 57.7 Incomplete university 64 10.3 University 190 30.7 Refused to answer 3 0.5 Employment Student 6 1.0 Have a permanent job 90 14.5 Have a temporary job 127 20.5 Retired/disabled 3 0.5 Unemployed 384 62.0 Refused to answer 9 1.5 How much is your monthly income? ≤100 GEL 32 5.2 101-300 GEL 84 13.6 301-500 GEL 79 12.8 501-700 GEL 15 24.3 701-1000 GEL 68 11.0 >1000 GEL 143 23.1 Refused to answer 62 10.0 What is your marital status? Married 208 33.6 Divorced/Separated 161 26.0 Widow 6 1.0 Never been married 244 39.4 With whom do you live now? With spouse/partner 191 30.9 Alone 112 18.1 With parents/relatives 300 48.5 Refused to answer 16 2.6 Table 2. Sexual behavior and condom use Characteristics N % How old were you when you had the first sexual intercourse? <18 years old 491 79.9 ≥18 years old 112 18.1 Don’t know 16 2.5 Median age of beginning sexual life (min-max) 16 (13-24) In total, with how many sexual partners have you had during the last 12 months? 1 43 7.0 2 126 20.7 ≥3 396 64.9 Don’t know/ No response 45 7.4 Did you use condom during the last sexual intercourse? Yes 329 54.5 No 263 43.5 Don’t know/No response 12 2.0 Did you use condom during the last casual and/or paid sexual intercourse? Yes 460 74.3 No 159 25.7 Were you or your sexual partner under the influence of drugs during the last sexual intercourse? Yes, I was 375 61.8 Yes, my sexual partner was 3 0.5 Yes, both me and my sexual partner were 32 5.3 No 153 25.2 Don’t know/No response 44 7.2 H ave you had any problem ( s ) obtaining condoms during the last month ? Yes 21 3.4 No 517 83.5 Don’t know 5 0.8 No response 76 12.3 Whose decision was to use condom during the last sex? My decision 68 32.2 Partner’s decision 29 13.7 Shared decision 98 46.4 Don’t know 16 7.6 Why you didn’t use condom during the last sex? The partner refused 1 4.8 Don't like it 5 23.8 Don't think it was necessary 9 42.9 Didn't think of that 4 19.0 Other 1 4.8 Frequency of condom use with casual and/or paid sex partner (s) in last 12 months Always 306 49.4 Not always 313 50.6 3 . Predictors of consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners Characteristics Consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sex partners OR; 95% CI P value aOR; a95%CI a P value N % Age ≤30 years 64 83.3 1.1 (0.7-1.6) 0.3 >30 years 242 48.9 Marital status Married 103 49.5 1.0 (0.7-1.4) 0.9 Other 203 49.4 Level of education High school/Vocational college 169 46.7 1.3 (0.9-1.8) 0.9 University 136 53.5 Residence Tbilisi 93 73.2 3.5 (2.3-5.5) <0.0001 6.4 (3.2-12.7) <0.0001 Other 213 43.3 Family Income <500 GEL 81 41.5 1.8 (1.2-2.9) 0.02 2.1 (1.3-3.5) 0.002 ≥500 GEL 86 57.3 Drug use frequency Once or several times a month 121 56.5 0.6 (0.4-0.9) 0.02 0.6 (0.3-1.0) 0.07 Once a week or more 179 46.7 Alcohol consumption frequency Never/Rarely 192 50.7 0.8 (0.6-1.2) 0.4 Once a week or more 114 47.5 Drug dependance self-perception Yes 202 45.8 1.5 (1.1-2.1) 0.02 1.5 (0.9-2.7) 0.9 No 89 56.0 HIV risk self-perception Yes 280 50.8 1.8 (1.1-3.2) 0.03 2.2 (0.8-6.1) 0.1 No 20 35.7 Used preventive programs in last 1 year Yes 168 56.4 1.3 (0.9-1.9) 0.9 No 91 48.7 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4521575","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":318562721,"identity":"86041caf-d16e-4b74-b32f-d4ac0b46a2ba","order_by":0,"name":"Maia Kajaia","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+UlEQVRIie2PsUoDQRCGZ1iIzWmtXHFPINw1QsCQV3E4SJpLn3KXgb3mNO1a+Qw2qZVrhbSBrY68wAaboCm8XLB0L3aC+xUz/8B8DAMQCPxJkNtyByhRgmvj4Ow3CpqDIvrPiE7pUvQ9+7gua04dTBJR1ur99mOZXAhAty1+Vm7eiMlAkamKOJ492EwLEFePS4/yQlxHMEclScazymKrDMS5T1k1nTJWi4Y/h5Ud9ytr4jyCgpQhHcPO0glKw5lJJ7kyjR7eS5trgez/ZTXdXLp5PnpeTDfr3d6Onkp+dVuPciQFyGTbUR8mlH37R5Ku7k9bDgQCgf/FF7bbVGopJsDZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maia","middleName":"","lastName":"Kajaia","suffix":""},{"id":318562725,"identity":"e14cc2dd-4897-46f4-ab2c-0944f92a431f","order_by":1,"name":"Maia Butsashvili","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Health Research Union (HRU)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maia","middleName":"","lastName":"Butsashvili","suffix":""},{"id":318562726,"identity":"c72016a2-e3fb-49d9-8cdc-438ae5e3bb55","order_by":2,"name":"Jack A. DeHovitz","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jack","middleName":"A.","lastName":"DeHovitz","suffix":""},{"id":318562728,"identity":"626739d8-6863-4122-bac8-e60c4ff3b98a","order_by":3,"name":"George Kamkamidze","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Health Research Union (HRU)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"George","middleName":"","lastName":"Kamkamidze","suffix":""},{"id":318562729,"identity":"3ecce3d2-8882-4a57-82e7-2779cd569137","order_by":4,"name":"Lasha Gulbiani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Health Research Union (HRU)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lasha","middleName":"","lastName":"Gulbiani","suffix":""},{"id":318562730,"identity":"c6045f2e-5397-4f8b-b92d-3c1b7cf5fe46","order_by":5,"name":"Tinatin Abzianidze","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Health Research Union (HRU)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tinatin","middleName":"","lastName":"Abzianidze","suffix":""},{"id":318562731,"identity":"2f4fa384-ac55-45c1-957a-f428266f026c","order_by":6,"name":"Mamuka DjibutiMD","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Partnership Research Action Health (PRAH)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mamuka","middleName":"","lastName":"DjibutiMD","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-03 11:42:53","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521575/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521575/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01171-6","type":"published","date":"2025-02-20T15:57:25+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":77052753,"identity":"37b8d419-8ed4-4788-a336-5e59b5ddc006","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-24 16:24:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1249562,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4521575/v1/8a5481bd-d0ed-4c74-9ca9-def3db7688ec.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Prevalence and predictors of condom use among people who inject drugs in Georgia","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia is considered a low HIV prevalence country (estimated 0.4% HIV prevalence in the adult population) with cases of HIV infection concentrated among key affected populations including people who inject drugs (PWID) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. The country has one of the highest rates of injection drug use in the world [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. National prevalence estimates for injection drug use are 2.23% in 18\u0026ndash;64 years old population, and 1.39% in general population [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. According to Georgian AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center 32.6% of HIV cases are among PWID [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough parenteral exposure resulting from risky injection behavior is the main cause of HIV infection in people who inject drugs (PWID) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e], a significant proportion of HIV infection in this population is sexually transmitted [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. PWID are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior, placing them at high risk of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)as well as subsequent transmission to non-drug-using sexual partners [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Correct and consistent use of condoms is an effective measure of preventing transmission of STIs including HIV [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. While, condom use is one of the main interventions to prevent HIV infection for key affected populations and general public [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e], interventions among PWID are mainly focused on reduction of injection risk behaviors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Unsafe injection practices can be significantly reduced with such interventions, but unsafe sexual behavior among PWID is difficult to modify [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e] and multiple studies show high rates of unprotected sex among PWID [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Given that PWID are at higher risk of HIV and other STIs compared to the general population they represent a vulnerable population who need specific approach addressing not only drug-related but also sexual risk behaviors. This study aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of inconsistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners among PWID in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eAn Integrated Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey (IBSS) was conducted among PWID in seven major cities of Georgia: Tbilisi (capital city), Gori, Rustavi, Telavi, Batumi, Zugdidi, and Kutaisi. Study design was cross-sectional. Study participants were recruited by respondent-driven sampling (RDS) utilizing recruitment of research participants by other participants. The RDS method is based on social network theory and includes non-probability \"snowball sampling\u0026rdquo; with mathematical modeling, which allows weighing the sample. This allows the investigation to get closer to representative estimates as much as possible [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. The recruitment of study participants included a double incentive system: a primary reward for participating in the study and a secondary reward for recruiting other PWID into the study. The primary reward was 20 GEL (approximately 7 USD), and the secondary reward was 10 GEL (approximately 3.5 USD) for the inclusion of each new respondent in the study. Study participants were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: age\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;18 years, drug injection practice at least once in the 30 days prior to the survey, residence in the selected cities where the survey was conducted, willingness and ability to give informed consent for study participation. The assessment of potential study participants for being PWID was done by informal interview addressing drug prices, slang names, preparation, and injection techniques. In addition, objective signs of injecting drug use were assessed. Each eligible potential study participant was informed about the purpose, objectives, methods, procedures, risks, and benefits of the study. All individuals who agreed to participate in the study signed an informed consent form and then were enrolled in the study. The study included behavioral and biomarker components. The behavioral component data collection was carried out through individual, face-to-face interviews. The survey tool was a structured questionnaire collecting the following information: socio-demographic characteristics, injection practices, sexual behavior, use of HIV-preventive programs, and social factors related to drug use. The biomarker component of the study included testing of blood samples for HIV infection, hepatitis B and hepatitis C (the results of this component will be reported elsewhere).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore initiation of field work, the study protocol and instruments were reviewed and approved by Institutional Review Board of Health Research Union (IRB00009520; IORG005619).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn total 2005 PWID participated in the study. In this paper we analysed a subsample of 619 PWID who reported having casual and/or paid sexual partners during the last 12 months and described prevalence and predictors of consistent condom use. \u0026ldquo;Casual sexual partner\u0026rdquo; was defined as a sexual partner who is not a regular partner and with whom a sexual relationship is established without financial compensation. \u0026ldquo;Paid sexual partner\u0026rdquo; was defined as a sexual partner with whom a sexual relationship is established in exchange for material remuneration (pays the partner or receives remuneration from the partner). \u0026ldquo;Consistent condom use\u0026rdquo; was defined as self-reported \u0026ldquo;always using condom\u0026rdquo; with casual and/or paid sexual partners during the last 12 months. Descriptive statistical methods were used to characterize socio-demographics, sexual behavior and condom use of study population. In bivariate analysis study variables were compared between different study groups (participants who consistently used condoms and those who did not) using chi-square test for categorized data. Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of consistent condom use.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eAs noted above 619 PWID (30.7%) reported having casual and/or paid sex during the last 12 months. Almost all participants (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;612, 98.9%) were males. The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 67 years (median age 39 years). The vast majority of the study participants were ethnically Georgian (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;605, 97.7%). 30.7% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;190) held a university degree. 33.6% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;208) of the surveyed PWID were married and almost two thirds (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;384, 62.0%) were unemployed. Most of the respondents (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;491, 79.4%) lived with their spouse/partner, parents, or relatives. Most of the study participants\u0026rsquo; family income (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;210, 55.9%) was less than 700 GEL (270 USD) per month (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e describes sexual behavior and condom use with casual and paid sexual partners. Most of the respondents (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;491, 79.9%) had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 18. The median age of sexual debut was 16 years. The majority of surveyed individuals (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;396, 64.9%) had three or more sexual partners during the last 12 months. 329 (54.5%) of the study subjects reported using a condom during the last sexual intercourse with any sexual partner and 460 (74.3%) with casual and/or paid sex partner. Nearly two thirds of the interviewed PWID (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;375, 61.8%) indicated that were under the influence of drugs during the last sexual contact. Most of the study subjects (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;517, 83.5%) did not have any problems with obtaining condoms. Condom use during the last sexual intercourse was the result of a shared decision with the partner among 98 (46.4%) of PWID, in 68 (32.2%) - only the respondent's decision, and in 29 (13.7%) - only the partner's decision. The main reasons for not using a condom at last sexual contact were: \u0026ldquo;not considering necessary to use condoms\u0026rdquo; (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9, 42.9%) and \u0026ldquo;not liking to use condoms\u0026rdquo; (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5, 23.8%). Consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sex during the last 12 months was reported by only 306 (49.4%) of the respondents.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBy bivariate analysis the likelihood of consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partner was statistically significantly associated with residence, family income, drug use frequency, drug dependance and HIV risk self-perceptions. T probability of always using condom during casual/paid sex was higher among the respondents residing in Tbilisi (73.2%) compared to those living in other regional cities (43.3%) (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.5; CI: 2.3\u0026ndash;5.5). PWID with family income\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;500 GEL (approximately 200 USD) were more likely to use condoms consistently with casual/paid sexual partners than those with lower income (57.3% vs 41.5%, OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.8; 95% CI:1.2\u0026ndash;2.9)). A lower proportion of the respondents who injected drugs frequently (once a week or more) always used condom at casual/paid sex compared to more rare injectors (once or several times per month) (46.7% vs 56.5%; OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.6; 95% CI:0.4\u0026ndash;0.9). PWID who didn\u0026rsquo;t perceive themselves as drug dependent (56.0%) were more likely to report consistent condom use at casual/paid sex, than those who did (45.8%) (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.5; 95% CI:1.1\u0026ndash;2.1). HIV risk self-perception was also associated with consistent condom use, as higher percentage of the respondents who thought that they were under the risk of contracting HIV were always using condom with casual/paid sexual partners, compared to those who didn\u0026rsquo;t consider themselves at risk of HIV (50.8% vs. 35.7%; OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.8; 95% CI: 1.1\u0026ndash;3.2) (Table\u0026nbsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn multivariate analysis independent predictors of always using condom at casual/paid sex during the last 12 months were place of residence (aOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.4; 95% CI: 3.2\u0026ndash;12.7), family income (aOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.1; 95% CI:1.3\u0026ndash;3.5) and drug use frequency (aOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.6; 95% CI: 0.4\u0026ndash;0.9) (Table\u0026nbsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study revealed high levels of risky sexual behavior among PWID in Georgia. The findings indicate that substantially higher proportion of the interviewed PWID had multiple sex partners (64.9% had\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3 sexual partners) compared to other studies conducted in different countries where this indicator varied between 14\u0026ndash;47% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. We also found a high prevalence of unprotected last sexual intercourse with any type of sexual partner among PWID and this finding is consistent with other studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsistent condom use during casual and/or paid sex was reported only by 49.4% of PWID. Other studies also showed the high rates of inconsistent condom use among PWID [38 \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Low rates of consistent condom use among PWID can be a consequence of sex under influence of drugs. Many PWID take drugs before sexual intercourse which can influence their decision and negotiation with partner on condom use. One important finding was that the frequency of drug use showed a positive association with inconsistent condom use. This finding is in line with previous studies suggesting that substance use leads to risky sexual behaviors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. Drug use might decrease the perception of risky behaviors and capacity to control these behaviors among PWID and thus could facilitate the engagement into risky sexual behaviors. It underlies the importance of enrollment and adherence to opioid substitution therapy (OST) among PWID, as being on OST, adhering to treatment and terminating injection drug use could lead to safer sexual practices and decreased risk of HIV and other STI transmission [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe found that the study participants who had higher family income were more likely to use condoms constantly with casual and/or paid sexual partners. It seems that PWID with low family income cannot afford to buy condoms, thus it is very important among key populations to enhance programs that promote condom use not only through education but also increase access to condoms [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e]. Our opinion is supported by a study conducted by Song YS et al finding that taking condoms from clinic stocks was the best predictor of condom possession, which in turn was the best predictor of condom use among men enrolled in drug treatment programs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study also showed that living in other cities was associated with higher odds of inconsistent condom use compared to living in Tbilisi (capital city). IBSS survey conducted in 2009 among PWID in Georgia showed similar association with place of residence regarding inconsistent condom use and \u0026ldquo;dual risk behavior\u0026rdquo; defined as both unsafe injecting behavior at last injection and not using condom at last casual and/or paid sex [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e]. This means that PWID from regional areas of the country are still more likely to practice unsafe sexual behaviors suggesting the need for additional behavioral health education about safe sex practices among PWID residing outside the capital city. Health education targeted at individual\u0026rsquo;s risk self-perception, behavioral and normative beliefs would likely influence sexual risk behaviors among PWID. In addition, there must be an increased efforts to reduce drug use as previous studies have shown that behavioral health education in combination with OST have positive impact on reduction of HIV related risk behaviors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study had some limitations. First, data were collected through face-to-face interviews, therefore may be subject to social desirability bias which is particularly problematic in studies involving sexual behavior, as respondents may not accurately answered some of the sensitive questions, either by underreporting stigmatized activities or by overreporting normative ones, if their actual behavior is considered socially unacceptable. Second, the findings rely on the study participants\u0026rsquo; self-reported data which can be accompanied by recall bias, as the study participants may have had difficulties in recalling information about their sexual behavior in the past 12 months. Third, because of cross-sectional study design, it is not possible to make causal inferences.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study highlights low prevalence of consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners among PWID in Georgia. Integration of education about safe sexual practices into harm reduction services is an important component to decrease unsafe sexual practices and improve the rates of condom use among PWID in Georgia. Safe sex educational interventions should focus PWID with lower socio-economic status and residing outside capital city.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics Declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding Declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatement on Informed Consent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interest declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors declare that there are no conflicts of interests associated with the manuscript and there has been no significant financial support to this work that could have influenced the outcome.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMK \u0026ndash; development of the research idea, data analysis, original drafting of the manuscript.MB \u0026ndash; development of the research idea, supervision of the research, review and editing of the manuscript.JD - review and editing of the manuscript.GK \u0026ndash; data analysis, review and editing of the manuscript.LG \u0026ndash; data collection, data managementTA \u0026ndash; data collection, administration of the projectMD - development of the research idea, supervision of the research, review and editing of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch reported in this publication was supported by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43 TW011532. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to reasons of sensitivity and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data are located in controlled access data storage at Health Research Union, Tbilisi, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col start=\"1\" type=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUNAIDS. Country Progress Report \u0026ndash; Georgia. Global AIDS Monitoring 2020. Available at: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/GEO_2020_countryreport.pdf.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDegenhardt L, Peacock A, Colledge S, Leung J, Grebely J, Vickerman P, et al. 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Epub 2018 Jul 6. PMID: 30077915.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNguemo Djiometio JB, Buzuayew A, Mohamud H, Njoroge I, Kahan M, Nelson LE. Effectiveness of opiate substitution treatment in reducing HIV risk behaviors among African, Caribbean, and Black people: a systematic review. JBI Evid Synth. 2021 Aug;19(8):1887-1914. doi: 10.11124/JBIES-20-00223. PMID: 33851941.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoggiano VL, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen LH, Tran TD, Van Nguyen H, Le HT, et al. Sexual behaviors among methadone maintenance patients in a mountainous area in northern Vietnam. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2017 Aug 25;12(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s13011-017-0123-4. PMID: 28841918; PMCID: PMC5574107.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHearst N, Chen S. Condom promotion for AIDS prevention in the developing world: is it working? Stud Fam Plann. 2004 Mar;35(1):39-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2004.00004.x. PMID: 15067787.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSong YS, Calsyn DA, Doyle SR, Dierst-Davies R, Chen T, Sorensen JL. Predictors of condom use among men enrolled in drug treatment programs. AIDS Educ Prev. 2009 Oct;21(5):460-73. doi: 10.1521/aeap.2009.21.5.460. PMID: 19842829; PMCID: PMC3689147.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChikovani I, Goguadze K, Bozicevic I, Rukhadze N, Gotsadze G. Determinants of risky sexual behavior among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Georgia. AIDS Behav. 2013 Jun;17(5):1906-13. doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0296-9. PMID: 22968396.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChikovani I, Bozicevic I, Goguadze K, Rukhadze N, Gotsadze G. Unsafe injection and sexual risk behavior among injecting drug users in Georgia. J Urban Health. 2011 Aug;88(4):736-48. doi: 10.1007/s11524-011-9571-8. PMID: 21717253; PMCID: PMC3157497.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChawarski MC, Zhou W, Schottenfeld RS. Behavioral drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (BDRC) in MMT programs in Wuhan, China: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Jun 1;115(3):237-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.024. Epub 2010 Dec 14. PMID: 21159452; PMCID: PMC3076517.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChawarski MC, Mazlan M, Schottenfeld RS. Behavioral drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (BDRC) with abstinence-contingent take-home buprenorphine: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Apr 1;94(1-3):281-4. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.008. Epub 2007 Dec 27. PMID: 18164145.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Socio-demographic characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"570\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e495\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian age (min-max)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (18-67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e612\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNationality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGeorgian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e605\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary (1- 4 classes) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary (school, technical school, vocational school) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e357\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncomplete university\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRefused to answer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmployment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHave a permanent job\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHave a temporary job\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRetired/disabled\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e384\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRefused to answer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow much is your monthly income?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;100\u0026nbsp;GEL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101-300\u0026nbsp;GEL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e301-500\u0026nbsp;GEL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e501-700\u0026nbsp;GEL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e701-1000\u0026nbsp;GEL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;1000 GEL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRefused to answer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is your marital status? \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorced/Separated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWidow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever been married\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e244\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWith whom do you live now?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWith spouse/partner\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWith parents/relatives\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"73.6842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRefused to answer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.578947368421053%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;2. Sexual behavior and condom use\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"588\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow old were you when you had the first sexual intercourse?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;18\u0026nbsp;years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e491\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;18\u0026nbsp;years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedian age of beginning sexual life (min-max)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.5152%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (13-24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn total,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ewith\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ehow many\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esexual\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epartners have you had during the last 12 months?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know/ No response\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDid you use condom during the last sexual intercourse?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e329\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e263\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know/No response\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDid you use condom during the last casual and/or paid sexual intercourse?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e460\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWere you or your sexual partner under the influence of drugs during the last sexual intercourse?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes, I was \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e375\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes, my sexual partner was \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes, both me and my sexual partner were \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know/No response\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eave you had any problem\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003es\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;obtaining condoms\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;during the last month\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e517\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo response\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.5274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3.9877%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhose decision was to use condom during the last sex?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMy decision\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePartner\u0026rsquo;s decision\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShared decision\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy you\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edidn\u0026rsquo;t\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003euse condom during the last sex?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe partner refused\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026apos;t like it\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026apos;t think it was necessary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDidn\u0026apos;t think of that\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency of\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econdom\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003euse\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ewith\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecasual and/or paid\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;sex partner\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(s)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ein\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elast\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 months\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlways\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e306\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"80.61224489795919%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot always\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.4421%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.374149659863946%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.6127%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePredictors of consistent condom use with\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;casual and/or paid sexual partners\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"596\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsistent condom use with casual and/or paid sex partners\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR; 95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eaOR; a95%CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ea\u003cem\u003eP value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.214953271028037%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.214953271028037%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.429906542056074%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.42056074766355%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.429906542056074%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.289719626168225%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;30\u0026nbsp;years\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u0026nbsp;(0.7-1.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.63636363636363%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;30\u0026nbsp;years\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMarital status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0 (0.7-1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.63636363636363%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLevel of education\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh school/Vocational college\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e169\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3 (0.9-1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.63636363636363%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResidence\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTbilisi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5 (2.3-5.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4 (3.2-12.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.63636363636363%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFamily Income\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;500 GEL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8 (1.2-2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1 (1.3-3.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.63636363636363%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;500 GEL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrug use frequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce or several times a month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6 (0.4-0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6 (0.3-1.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.63636363636363%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a week or more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlcohol consumption frequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever/Rarely\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e192\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8 (0.6-1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.63636363636363%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a week or more\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrug dependance self-perception\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e202\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5 (1.1-2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5 (0.9-2.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.63636363636363%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHIV risk self-perception\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e280\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8 (1.1-3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.2 (0.8-6.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.63636363636363%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUsed preventive programs in last 1 year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.187919463087248%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.053691275167786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3 (0.9-1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.073825503355705%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.107382550335572%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.416107382550335%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.63636363636363%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.181818181818183%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"harm-reduction-journal","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"harj","sideBox":"Learn more about [Harm Reduction Journal](http://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12954","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12954/3","title":"Harm Reduction Journal","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"condom, PWID, HIV, risky, behavior, consistent","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521575/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521575/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople who inject drugs (PWID) are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior placing them at high risk of acquiring HIV and other STIs. This study aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of inconsistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners among PWID in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey was conducted among PWID in seven major cities of Georgia. Study design was cross-sectional with respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodology. Data collection was carried out through individual face-to-face interviews. In this paper we analysed subsample of 619 PWID who reported having casual and/or paid sexual partners during last 12 months and described prevalence and predictors of consistent condom use.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsistent condom use during casual and/or paid sex in past 12 months was reported by 49.4% of respondents. The likelihood of consistent use with casual and/or paid sexual partners was statistically significantly associated with residence, family income, drug use frequency, drug dependance and HIV risk self-perceptions. In multivariate analysis independent predictors of always using condom at casual/paid sex during the last 12 months were place of residence (aOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.4; 95% CI: 3.2\u0026ndash;12.7), family income (aOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.1; 95% CI:1.3\u0026ndash;3.5) and drug use frequency (aOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.6; 95% CI: 0.4\u0026ndash;0.9).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study revealed low prevalence of consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners among PWID in Georgia. Integration of safe sex educational interventions in harm reduction services will improve the rates of condom use among PWID and should focus PWID with lower socio-economic status and residing outside capital city.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prevalence and predictors of condom use among people who inject drugs in Georgia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-06-27 09:25:39","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521575/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-07-18T05:03:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-07-18T04:55:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"255194898184610840293327857666450631140","date":"2024-07-08T16:43:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-07-01T14:42:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"231926778489282170590690363492232156600","date":"2024-06-14T14:05:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-06-14T01:55:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-06-12T05:58:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-06-12T05:58:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Harm Reduction Journal","date":"2024-06-03T11:41:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"harm-reduction-journal","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"harj","sideBox":"Learn more about [Harm Reduction Journal](http://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12954","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12954/3","title":"Harm Reduction Journal","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b0606008-3bf6-4418-bd9b-4c336cfada4c","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 27th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-24T16:06:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4521575","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01171-6","journal":{"identity":"harm-reduction-journal","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},"publishedOn":"2025-02-20 15:57:25","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 20th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-06-27 09:25:39","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12954-025-01171-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01171-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4521575","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4521575","identity":"rs-4521575","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}