Estimates of heterosis, inbreeding depression and transgressive segregation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil

Estimates of heterosis, inbreeding depression and transgressive segregation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Estimates of heterosis, inbreeding depression and transgressive segregation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil Shiv Prakash Shrivastav, O. P. Verma, Dan Singh Jakhar This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4006192/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The present investigation was carried out at the Main Experimental Station of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (U.P.) India. A field experiment was conducted by using a line x tester set of 63 F 1 s and 63 F 2 s derived by crossing 21 rice genotypes/varieties as lines (females) with three testers (males) viz. , Narendra Usar Dhan 3, CSR 23 and IR 28 with 2 check varieties (Jaya and CSR 43) of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in randomized complete block design with three replications to work out the heterosis, transgressive segregantion and inbreeding depression effects for various attributes under the sodic soil condition. Among these, top 5 F 1 s viz ., NDRK 5037 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x IR 28, NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, NDRK 5037 x CSR 23 and NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3were showed significant positive standard heterosis for grain yield per plant over SV 1 and SV 2, respectively. All of the above mentioned crosses had highly significant inbreeding depression for grain yield per plant in F 2 generation. Inspite of grain yield of these F 1 s had significant heterosis and inbreeding depression for some of the other yield contributing characters also. This study indicated the presence of non additive gene action in the inheritance of grain yield per plant and some of the other yield contributing characters. Tolerant breeding populations showed similar banding pattern whereas susceptible exhibited similar banding pattern but possesses wide variations between tolerant and susceptible. At 35 kDa the medium to dark bands were present in parents, F 1 s, F 2 s, transgressive segregants and checks while in highly inbreeding depressed cross combinations, variable range of the bands were observed viz. , absence of bands, light, medium and dark bands. Our data ofer a valuable resource for advancing the understanding and facilitating the utilization of additive and non-additive information for rice improvement. Rice heterosis transgressive segregation inbreeding depression SDS PAGE protein profiling breeding populations and sodic soil Figures Figure 1 1. Introduction Rice ( Oryza sativa L.), is a staple food for more than 50% of the world population ( Jiang et al., 2020 ). It forms the breath of life ‘prana’ for the human being. Rice is a high caloric food, which contain 75% starch, 6–7% protein, 2-2.5% fat, 0.8% cellulose and 5–9% ash. India has the largest area 46.38 million hectare constituting 28.26% of the land under rice in the world and rank second in total production 130.29 million tonnes next to China with an average productivity of 2809 Kg/hectare (DACand FW, 2021-22). It showed that the average productivity of rice is very low in our country. Therefore, there is immence need to develop high yielding, multiple resistance and wider adoptive hybrid varieties. Taking the above points under consideration the present investigation was carried out to sort out the best heterotic hybrids for yield and its components characters. Heterosis is a common phenomenon in which an F 1 hybrid performs better than either inbred parent (Shrivastav et al. 2022 ). Heterosis or hybrid vigor refers to the phenomenon that the heterozygous first filial generation (F 1 ) performs better than its parental inbred lines in target traits. With the development of the first commercial hybrid maize variety in the 1930s (Ayalneh2020), and the development of rice hybrid varieties in the early 1970s in China, exploitation of heterosis in crop plants has achieved remarkable yield advantages over inbred lines, and remains a crucial approach to increase agricultural production for global food demand in response to rapidly increasing global population and changing climate (Gu et al. 2023 ). In crop genetic research, the mechanism of heterosis has always been a key topic, and several hypotheses have been proposed the dominance hypothesis, which proposes the masking of deleterious recessive parental alleles in the hybrid; the overdominance hypothesis, which attributes heterosis to the superiority of heterozygotes over parental homozygotes at individual loci; and the epistatic hypothesis, which postulates the contribution of positive epistatic interactions between non-allelic genes. However, there are no reports explaining the genetic mechanisms responsible for heterosis of rice grain quality traits (You et al. 2022 ). Inbreeding depression and heterosis are related phenomena of fundamental importance to evolutionary biology and applied genetics. Inbreeding depression refers to reduced fitness of progenies resulting from inbreeding ( Stebbins 1958 ; Wright 1977 ). In contrast, heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is defined as the superiority of an F 1 hybrid over its parents ( Stuber 1994 ). Both heterosis and inbreeding depression are widely observed in both animal and plant kingdoms. In evolution, inbreeding depression may contribute to formation of reproductive barriers between species and populations, while heterosis may be an important force in maintenance of genetic variation in populations. In applied genetics, exploitation of heterosis has played a major role in the genetic improvement of many crop plants and animals (Falconer 1981 ; Stuber 1994 ). Heterosis and inbreeding depression are considered two aspects of the same phenomenon (Falconer 1981 ; Mather and Jinks 1982 ). Heterosis is clearly related to heterozygosity, but it has long been debated how heterozygosity results in heterosis. Two predominant theories were proposed as the genetic basis of heterosis. The overdominance hypothesis (Shull 1908 ; East 1936 ) states that heterozygosity at single loci confers properties that are superior to either homozygote. In contrast, the dominance hypothesis (Bruce 1910 ; Keeble and Pellew 1910 ; Jones 1917 ) proposed that dominant factors from either parent mask deleterious recessive mutations from the other parent in the heterozygous F 1 . In both cases, the inbreeding depression is due to segregation and expression of deleterious recessive mutations in inbred progenies (Allard 1960 ; Simmonds 1979 ). A third, less widely embraced hypothesis suggests that heterosis may arise from epistasis between alleles at different loci (Stuber 1994 ; Goodnight 1999 ). Transgressive segregation is common in plant breeding populations, where small minority of recombinants are outliers relative to parental phenotypes. While this phenomenon has been attributed to complementation and epistatic effects, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular bases have not been fully illuminated. The phenomenon of transgressive segregation, which is observed in both natural and artificial populations created by plant breeding, is characterized by the occurrence of minority phenotypic outliers relative to parental range across a segregating or recombinant population derived from genetically divergent parents. In addition to the classic explanations attributing complementation and epistatic interactions as major mechanisms behind transgressive traits, the possible roles of coupling and uncoupling effects and genetic network rewiring have also been recently proposed (Vega and Frey, 1980 ; Rieseberg et al., 1999 ; Dittrich-Reed and Fitzpatrick, 2013 ; de Los Reyes, 2019 ). Combined with the paradigms of genomic biology, the potential of transgressive individuals for enhanced yield of crops have been established, but its true potential for adaptive traits is yet to be determined (DeVicente and Tanksley, 1993 ). 2. Materials and Methods This experiment was carried out at the Main Experimental Station of A.N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (U. P.) India. The experimental material was based on a line x tester set of 63 hybrids (F 1 s) and 63 F 2 s developed by crossing 21 lines (females) viz. ,NDRK 5004, NDRK 5093, NDRK 5040, NDRK 5062, NDRK 5037, NDRK5025, NDRK 50059, NDRK 5081, NDRK 50047, NDRK 5039, IR 66946-3R-178-1-1 (FL 478), Sushk Samrat, IR 85897, Pant 10, CSR 10, Sarjoo 52, Narendra 2064, Narendra Usar Dhan 2, Deepak, Sundri and Pusa Basamati 1 with 3 testers (males) viz. , Narendra Usar Dhan 3, CSR 23 and IR 28. An attempt was made to make a sixty three cross combinations during Kharif season 2016 and 2017 to generate F 1 s and F 2 s. The 63 F 1 s and 63 F 2 s along with their parents including two checks, Jaya and CSR 43 (total set of 152 genotypes) were studied to work out theheterosis, transgressive segregation and inbreeding depressioneffects of their various attributes on grain yield under the sodic soil in randomized complete block design with three replications during Kharif 2018. Data on various attributes viz ., days to 50% flowering, chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen, leaf temperature, flag leaf area (cm), plant height (cm), panicle bearing tillers per plant, panicle length(cm), spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, spikelet fertility (%), biological yield per plant (g), harvest-index (%), L:B ratio, 1000-grain weight (g), amylose content, protein content and grain yield per plant (g) were recorded and analysed as per Kempthorne ( 1957 ). Heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis estimated as per Fonseca and Patterson ( 1968 ), and inbreeding depression as perHill ( 1966 ). For the transgressive segregation the observations were recorded on fifteen randomly selected plants taken from each genotype of each replication. The percentage of superior segregants in particular cross is recorded by calculating the number of plants exceeding mean value of best check to the total number of plants in a cross. The selected genotypes of different breeding populations were used to work out the SDS PAGE protein profiling of rice seed was done by method described by Laemmli, 1970 . 3. Results and Discussion The heterosis breeding has been used extensively in improving yield potential through development of hybrid cultivars in most of the allogamous crops and some autogamous crops like rice as well. The exploitation of heterosis for developing high yielding commercial hybrids in rice has been found highly fruitful inspite of its autogamous nature because significant heterosis is encountered in F 1 hybrids and successful and economical technology for commercial hybrid seed production is available. A wide range of variation in the estimates of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis in positive and negative direction was observed for grain yield per plant and other related traits. Top five F 1 s that showed good heterotic potential for grain yield and yield contributing traits over Jaya (SV1) as well as CSR 43 (SV2) were NDRK 5037 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x IR 28, NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, NDRK 5037 x CSR 23 and NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 presented in Table 1 . The findings will help promote rice improvements in context to establishment of heterotic patterns as a requirement for a sustainable long-term success of hybrid rice breeding (Shrivastav et al. 2022 ). The estimates of inbreeding depression of eighteen characters of sixty three crosses are presented in Table 2 . The range of inbreeding depression for grain yield per plant was ranged from 4.39 (NDRK 5004 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3) to 38.74% (NDRK 5037 x CSR 23). The depressed cross was 38.74% (NDRK 5037 x CSR 23) followed by 31.98 (NDRK 5047 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3), 30.95 (Sundri x IR 28), 30.90 (NDRK 5004 x IR 28), and 30.56% (NDRK 5025 x CSR 23). Among 63 crosses all were positively significant while none had negatively significant inbreeding depression. Majority of the crosss combinations possessing high heterosis also had high estimates of inbreeding depression. Further, it indicated that both the heterosis as well as inbreeding depression is closely related phenomenon with preponderance of non additive gene action. The similar findings have also been reported by Alamet al. ( 2004 ) , Verma and Srivastava ( 2005 ) , Sharma et al. ( 2013 ) and Venkannaet al. ( 2014 ). The presence of high heterosis for economically important characters is not only useful for developing hybrids, synthetic or composites through exploitation of heterosis, but also helps in obtaining transgressive segregants for development of superior homozygous lines. In genetics, transgressive segregation is the formation of extreme phenotypes, or transgressive phenotypes, observed in segregated hybrid populations compared to phenotypes observed in the parental lines. The transgressive segregation was estimated as appearance of these trangressive (extreme) phenotypes can be either positive or negative in terms of fitness. The estimates of transgressive segregation for eighteen characters of sixty three crosses are presented in Table 3 . For grain yield per plant twenty one crosses over better parent, twenty eight crosses over SV 1, and nineteen crosses over SV 2 exhibited positive and significant residual heterosis, due to increased per se performance in F 2 generation. As such selection of promising lines in segregating generation, especially to pick up the transgressive segregants by maintaining number of progenies would be more persepective method to make progress for this trait. The top five transgressive segregants over better parent were NDRK 5004 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 (26.47), Sarjoo 52 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 (25.41), NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 (24.89), NDRK 5062 x IR 28 (21.26) and CSR 10 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 (19.55) in grin yield per plant and these same crosses have best heterotic potential as well as high amount of inbreeding depression; it clearly indicated that preponderance of non additive gene action (additive x additive) in such type of cross combinations that’s why they are showing transgressive segregation as well due heritable and fixable nature of gene action. These results are similar to those of Verma and Srivastava ( 2005 ) , Saleem et al. ( 2008 ) and Seetharam et al. (2013) . For amylose content none of the crosse over better parent, twenty four crosses over SV 1, and forty two over SV 2 exhibited positive and significant residual heterosis, due to increased per se performance in F 2 generation. As such selection of promising lines in segregating generation, especially to pick up the transgressive segregants by maintaining number of progenies would be more persepective method to make progress for this trait. For protein content three crosses over better parent, forty five over SV 1, and nine over SV 2 exhibited positive and significant residual heterosis, due to increased per se performance in F 2 generation. As such selection of promising lines in segregating generation, especially to pick up the transgressive segregants by maintaining number of progenies would be more persepective method to make progress for this trait. In F 2 s segregating population, some of the crosses were found as transgressive segregants. The most promising crosses based on mean performance, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis (SV1 and SV2), SCA effect, GCA effect of parent and the traits for which these crosses also exhibited desirable hetrosis for grain yield / plant in F 1 s and F 2 s have been depicted in Table 1 . The ten most promising crosses viz ., NDRK 5037 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x IR 28, Sarjoo 52 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, Narendra 2064 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, NDRK 5004 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5037 x CSR 23, NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5093 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 and Narendra 2064 x CSR 23 in F 1 s while in F 2 s are NDRK 5004 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, Sarjoo 52 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x IR 28, CSR 10 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, Narendra 2064 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5039 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5059 x IR 28 and DRK 5037 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3. It indicated that additive and non additive genetic effects were responsible for increased grain yield in these F 1 s over the SV 1 and SV 2 . Such type of hybrid could be meaningful for heterosis breeding and desirable segregants could also be screened out in succeeding generations as a substantiall part of variance which was concidered as fixable one. Heterosis for grain yield in these crosses could be due to desirable heterotic response for component traits such as days to 50% flowering, chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen, leaf temperature, flag leaf area, plant height, panicle bearing tillers / plant, panicle length, spikelets / panicle, grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, biological yield / plant, harvest index, L/B ratio, 1000- grain weight, amylose content, protein content, these character were also showed desirable genetic association with grain yield. The hybrid combinations showing non additive gene action, may be exploited through the use of CMS system. Since the stable CMS with perfect restoration in rice are available now. Therefore, the yielding ability in the present set of material might be enhanced due to higher level of manifestation from yield, physiological and few quality contributing traits. Further, rice workers have also observed that grain yield might be due to heterotic response through all other yield contributing traits. Similar finding have also been reported by Janardanam et al., 2001 ; Punitha et al., 2004 ; Verma and Srivastava, 2005 ; Singh et al., 2007 ; Roy et al., 2009 Chougule et al. 2012 and Sudeepthi et al. 2018 . Seed protein profiling is the most promising tool in determining the molecular polymorphism and genetic homology. Seed storage proteins help in cultivar identification by avoiding the external environmental influences. Electrophoretically detectable proteins in rice grains possess the potential of characterizing the germplasm by their taxonomic and evolutionary aspects. This study was aimed at exploiting the genetic variations among 48 (parents + F 1 s + F 2 s+transgressive segregants + checks) elite rice genotypes through electrophoretical separation of grain proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) at 12% (Fig. 1). At 35 kDa the medium to dark bands were present in parents, F 1 s, F 2 s, transgressive segregants and checks while in highly inbreeding depressed cross combinations, variable range of the bands were observed viz. , absence of band, light, medium and dark bands (Fig. 1). Majority of these populations have two distinct protein bands in parents; three in F 1 s and F 2 s; and only one in transgressivesegregants and highly inbreeding depressed cross combination, which indicated that these proteins are developed in the salt tolerant breeding populations and play an important role in salt tolerance. The SDS-PAGE in combination with 2-D electrophoresis is further suggested for documenting contrasting variations of isoforms of protein peptides. The RM values and banding pattern of different breeding populatins viz. , parents, F 1 s, F 2 s, transgressive segregants including checks have been depicted in Tables 4, 5 and 6. Seed protein showed variability in banding pattern of polypeptide at 12% acrylamide gel during SDS-PAGE. Result revealed that majority the parents including checks refelected/ visualized high to medium intensity of bands on 0.40 and 0.60 RM values (Table 5). Similarly, elite hybrids and their segregants showed high to medium intensity of band on 0.50 and 0.75 RM value (Table 6). Further, elite transgressivesegregants showed high to medium intensity of band on 0.11, 0.22, 0.40 and 0.65 RM value. However, highly inbreeding depressed crosses showed high to medium intensity of band only on 0.65 RM value. Tolerant breeding populations showed similar banding pattern whereas susceptible exhibited similar banding pattern but possesses wide variations between tolerant and susceptible. At 35 kDa the medium to dark bands were present in parents, F 1 s, F 2 s, transgressive segregants and checks while in highly inbreeding depressed cross combinations, variable range of the bands were observed viz. , absence of bands, light, medium and dark bands (Figs. 1, 2 and 3). Such a banding patern reflects that similar banding pattern on 35 kDa may certainly have salt tolerant QTLs in elite parents, which have inherited successfully in F 1 s and transgressive segregants. Hence, emphasis should be given to elute these desired QTLs inorder to incorporate these salt tolerant traits of interest in local cultivar and / or widely adopted genotype for sustainability under salt affected soil of poor farmers. The similar reports have been reported by Tripathy et al., 2015 . Declarations Authors’ contributions The idea of this study was developed by Shiv Prakash Shrivastav and O.P. Verma they participated in its design and interpretation of the data. Dan Singh Jakhar helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript. Funding This study has no any type of funding. Availability of data and material The Experimental data used for analysis and further writing of this article are available with the corresponding author on reasonable request. Conflict of interest We declare that there is no any confict of interest in connection with the work submitted by us. References Alam, M.F.; Khan, M.R.; Nuruzzaman, M.; Parvez, S.; Swaraz, A.M.; Alam, I. and Ahsan, N. Genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Zhejiang Univ. Sci., 2004 , 5(4): 406-411. Allard, R. W., 1960 Inbreeding depression and heterosis, pp. 213– 223 in Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Arunachalam, V. 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Genetic mechanism of heterosis for rice milling and appearance quality in an elite rice hybrid. The Crop Journal, 2022, 10(6), 1705-1716. Tables Table 1. Most promising crosses based on mean performance, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis (SV 1 and SV 2 ), SCA effect, GCA effect of parent and traits for which these crosses also exhibited desirable heterosis for grain yield / plant in F 2 s S. No. Crosses per se Performance Heterosis over better-parent Heterosis over SV 1 Heterosis over SV 2 SCA effect GCA effect of parent Traits for which these the cross also exhibited desirable heterosis 1 NDRK 5004* NarendraUsarDhan 3 19.73** 26.47** 45.32** 36.10** 3.08** HxH CC, FLA, PL, S/P, G/P, SF, BY/P, HI, 1000-GW, AC 2 Sarjoo 52 * NarendraUsarDhan 3 19.61** 25.41** 44.44** 35.27** 1.92** HxH LN, PBT/P, PL, S/P, G/P, SF, BY/P, HI, AC, PC 3 NDRK 5040* NarendraUsarDhan 3 19.48** 24.89** 43.51** 34.40** 3.68** HxH CC, S/P, G/P, SF, BY/P, HI, 4 NDRK 5062 * IR 28 18.92** 21.26** 39.33** 30.49** 2.10** HxL CC, PH, PL, S/P, G/P, BY/P, L/B 5 CSR 10* NarendraUsarDhan 3 18.65** 19.55** 37.37** 28.65** 0.63** HxH CC, PH, PBT/P, PL, S/P, G/P, SF, BY/P, HI 6 NDRK 5062* CSR 23 18.47** 18.38** 36.02** 27.39** 0.50* HxA CC, LN, PL, S/P, G/P, BY/P 7 Narendra 2064*NarendraUsarDhan 3 17.80** 7.81** 31.11** 22.79** 1.26** HxH CC, FLA, PH, PBT/P, S/P, G/P, BY/P, 1000-GW, AC 8 NDRK 5039* NarendraUsarDhan 3 17.61** 12.88** 29.71** 21.48** 1.73** HxH DF, CC, PL, S/P, BY/P, L/B, 1000-GW, AC 9 NDRK 5059* IR 28 17.12** 17.39** 26.10** 18.10** 3.35** HxL CC, LN, FLA, PH, PL, G/P, SF, BY/P, L/B, AC 10 NDRK 5037* NarendraUsarDhan 3 16.82** 7.84** 23.91** 16.05** 1.22** HxH CC, FLA, PH, PL, S/P, G/P, SF, BY/P, HI, L/B, PC Traits: DF =Days to 50% flowering, CC= Chlorophyll content (spad value), LN = Leaf nitrogen (spad value), LT = Leaf temperature (spad value), FLA =Flag leaf area(cm 2 ), PH =Plant height (cm), PBT/P =Panicle bearing tillers / plant, PL =Panicle length (cm), S/P =Spikelets / panicle, G/P= Grains per panicle , SF =Spikelet fertility (%), BY/P = Biological yield / plant (g), HI =Harvest index (%), L/B =L/B ratio , 1000-GW= 1000- grain weight (g), AC = Amylose content, PC = Protein contentand GY/P =Grain yield / plant(g) Tables 2 and 3 are available in the Supplementary Files section. Table.4 Relative mobility at 12 % SDS-PAGE of selected parents in rice kDa value Length of gel (cm) R.M. Value Parents Check 1 Check 2 P16 P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 P9 P8 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 0 100 1 0.10 +++ +++ +++ + ++ + + +++ +++ +++ - ++ +++ + - ++ - - 75 2 0.13 +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ + ++ +++ +++ +++ - ++ ++ +++ - +++ - - 71 3 0.15 + ++ + - ++ + + ++ ++ ++ - ++ +++ + - ++ - - 63 4 0.20 + + + - + - + + + + - + ++ + - + - - 55 5 0.24 ++ ++ ++ + ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ - ++ ++ ++ - ++ - + 35 6 0.40 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ ++ +++ 25 7 0.45 + + + + + + + + ++ ++ - + ++ + - + + ++ 20 8 0.60 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ + +++ 17 9 0.70 - - + + - - - - + - ++ - + + + - ++ ++ 11 10 0.80 + + + + + - - + + + + + +++ - + - + + + Low intensity of the band, ++Medium intensity of the band +++ High intensity of the band, -No band was found. Where, P= Parents P1-NDRK 5037, P2-NDRK 5062, P3-Sarjoo 52, P4-Narendra 2064, P5-NDRK 5004, P6-NDRK 5040, P7-NDRK 5093, P8-CSR 10, P9- NDRK 5039, P10-NDRK 5059, P11-NDRK 5047, P12-Sundri, P13-NDRK 5025, P14-Narendra UsarDhan 3, P15-CSR 23, P16- IR 28, Check1- Jaya, Check2- CSR 43 Table.5- Relative mobility at 12 % SDS-PAGE of promising F 1 s and F 2 s in rice kDa value Length of gel (cm) R.M. Value Crosses F2S1 F2S2 F2S3 F2S4 F2S5 F2S6 F2S7 F2S8 F2S9 F2S10 F1S1 F1S2 F1S3 F3S4 F1S5 F1S6 F1S7 F1S8 F1S9 F1S10 0 135 1 0.14 - + - ++ ++ + - + + +++ +++ +++ + + + + + + +++ + 100 2 0.17 + ++ - ++ ++ + + + + +++ +++ +++ + ++ + ++ ++ ++ +++ + 75 3 0.20 + ++ + +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 63 4 0.28 ++ ++ + + ++ + + + + ++ +++ +++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 48 5 0.34 +++ +++ + + ++ + + + + ++ +++ +++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ + 35 6 0.50 +++ +++ ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 20 7 0.64 ++ ++ + + ++ + + ++ + ++ ++ ++ - + + + + ++ ++ + 17 8 0.75 +++ +++ ++ ++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 11 9 0.80 + + - - + - - - - + + + - - - - - + + - 9 10 0.89 +++ +++ - - ++ - - - - ++ ++ ++ - ++ + + + ++ ++ + + Low intensity of the band, ++Medium intensity of the band +++ High intensity of the band, -No band was found. Where, F1S= F 1 S crosses, F2s= F 2 s segregants F1S1- NDRK 5037 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S2- NDRK 5062 x IR 28, F1S3- Sarjoo 52 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S4- Narendra 2064 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S5- NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, F1S6- NDRK 5004 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S7- NDRK 5037 x CSR 23, F1S8- NDRK 5040 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S9- NDRK 5093 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S10-Narendra 2064 x CSR 23, F2S1- NDRK 5004 x NarendraUsarDhan 3 ,F2S2- Sarjoo 52 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F2S3- NDRK 5040 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F2S4- NDRK 5062 x IR 28, F2S5- CSR 10 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F2S6- NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, F2S7-Narendra 2064 xNarendraUsarDhan 3, F2S8- NDRK 5039 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F2S9- NDRK 5059 x IR 28, F2S10- NDRK 5037 x NarendraUsarDhan 3 Table.6 Relative mobility at 12 % SDS-PAGE of highest depressed crosses and top transgressivesegregants in rice kDa value Length of gel (cm) R.M. Value Crosses HID5 HID4 HID3 HID2 HID1 TS5 TS4 TS3 TS2 TS1 0 135 1 0.08 ++ + - ++ + + ++ ++ + ++ 100 2 0.09 +++ ++ - +++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 75 3 0.11 +++ +++ - +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 74 4 0.12 ++ ++ - ++ + ++ ++ ++ + ++ 63 5 0.19 ++ ++ - ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 57 6 0.22 ++ ++ - ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 35 7 0.40 +++ ++ - ++ + +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ 25 8 0.55 + + ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ + ++ 20 9 0.65 +++ +++ + +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 11 10 0.85 +++ + + + + + + ++ + +++ + Low intensity of the band, ++Medium intensity of the band +++ High intensity of the band, -No band was found. Where, TS= Transgressivesegregants HID= Highly inbreeding depressed TS1- NDRK 5004 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, TS2- Sarjoo 52 x NarendraUsarDhan, TS3- NDRK 5040 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, TS4-), NDRK 5062 x IR 28, TS5- CSR 10 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, HID1-NDRK 5037 x CSR 23, HID2- NDRK 5047 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, HID3- Sundri x IR 28, HID4- NDRK 5004 x IR 28, HID5- NDRK 5025 x CSR 23 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Tables2and3.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4006192","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":276461744,"identity":"f039e5f2-3405-47a6-ab53-6620ec88c8a6","order_by":0,"name":"Shiv Prakash Shrivastav","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACZgYDBjl+9gYg08CCeC3Gkj0HQFokiNXCwJC44UYCiE2EFt3+A8yfCwoOJzbcfH51w48CCQb+9u4EvFrMbiSwSc8wOGzcODun7GYP0GESZ85uIKCFgY2ZxyBNtlk6J+0GD1CLgUQuAS3ngQ4DamFskzyTdvMPUVoOJDBI8xjYKPZIsB+7TZwtNxLbQFqMJXhy2G7LGEjwEPbL+cOHP/P8kZCzP3782c03f2zk+Nt78WthYGBsgDJ4DMAkAeUogP0BKapHwSgYBaNgBAEA5ftD/a97F4UAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shiv","middleName":"Prakash","lastName":"Shrivastav","suffix":""},{"id":276461745,"identity":"1d78b40a-eb26-4294-997a-0b53e5302236","order_by":1,"name":"O. P. Verma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"O.","middleName":"P.","lastName":"Verma","suffix":""},{"id":276461746,"identity":"167fe88f-cc3b-4940-b2eb-2b0fa56d4140","order_by":2,"name":"Dan Singh Jakhar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Agriculture University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dan","middleName":"Singh","lastName":"Jakhar","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-02 10:34:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4006192/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4006192/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":52134482,"identity":"01d6cb4d-80bb-4314-914f-8ce31cd1a672","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-07 09:06:24","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":953383,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProtein profiling of selected rice genotypes of different breeding populations by SDS-PAGE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere, P-Parents, F1S- F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003eS crosses, F2s- F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es segregants, ,TS-Transgressivesegregants, HID- Highly inbreeding depressed\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4006192/v1/df1b74a002b0f367497297c4.png"},{"id":53789694,"identity":"b7302a12-be77-4079-bacd-704ad86be5ec","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-30 16:37:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1301325,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4006192/v1/427a0c55-064e-4244-9b05-c2b4cf748ab4.pdf"},{"id":52134715,"identity":"26631801-0f0b-42be-9286-ca8564c7d283","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-07 09:14:24","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":69393,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Tables2and3.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4006192/v1/c4e24383fecbf431c779d3c0.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Estimates of heterosis, inbreeding depression and transgressive segregation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eRice (\u003cem\u003eOryza sativa\u003c/em\u003e L.), is a staple food for more than 50% of the world population \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eJiang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). It forms the breath of life \u0026lsquo;prana\u0026rsquo; for the human being. Rice is a high caloric food, which contain 75% starch, 6\u0026ndash;7% protein, 2-2.5% fat, 0.8% cellulose and 5\u0026ndash;9% ash. India has the largest area 46.38\u0026nbsp;million hectare constituting 28.26% of the land under rice in the world and rank second in total production 130.29\u0026nbsp;million tonnes next to China with an average productivity of 2809 Kg/hectare (DACand FW, 2021-22). It showed that the average productivity of rice is very low in our country. Therefore, there is immence need to develop high yielding, multiple resistance and wider adoptive hybrid varieties. Taking the above points under consideration the present investigation was carried out to sort out the best heterotic hybrids for yield and its components characters. Heterosis is a common phenomenon in which an F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e hybrid performs better than either inbred parent (Shrivastav et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeterosis or hybrid vigor refers to the phenomenon that the heterozygous first filial generation (F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) performs better than its parental inbred lines in target traits. With the development of the first commercial hybrid maize variety in the 1930s (Ayalneh2020), and the development of rice hybrid varieties in the early 1970s in China, exploitation of heterosis in crop plants has achieved remarkable yield advantages over inbred lines, and remains a crucial approach to increase agricultural production for global food demand in response to rapidly increasing global population and changing climate (Gu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn crop genetic research, the mechanism of heterosis has always been a key topic, and several hypotheses have been proposed the dominance hypothesis, which proposes the masking of deleterious recessive parental alleles in the hybrid; the overdominance hypothesis, which attributes heterosis to the superiority of heterozygotes over parental homozygotes at individual loci; and the epistatic hypothesis, which postulates the contribution of positive epistatic interactions between non-allelic genes. However, there are no reports explaining the genetic mechanisms responsible for heterosis of rice grain quality traits (You et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInbreeding depression and heterosis are related phenomena of fundamental importance to evolutionary biology and applied genetics. Inbreeding depression refers to reduced fitness of progenies resulting from inbreeding \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eStebbins \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1958\u003c/span\u003e; Wright \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1977\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e).\u003c/b\u003e In contrast, heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is defined as the superiority of an F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e hybrid over its parents \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eStuber \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e).\u003c/b\u003e Both heterosis and inbreeding depression are widely observed in both animal and plant kingdoms. In evolution, inbreeding depression may contribute to formation of reproductive barriers between species and populations, while heterosis may be an important force in maintenance of genetic variation in populations. In applied genetics, exploitation of heterosis has played a major role in the genetic improvement of many crop plants and animals (Falconer \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1981\u003c/span\u003e; Stuber \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e). Heterosis and inbreeding depression are considered two aspects of the same phenomenon (Falconer \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1981\u003c/span\u003e; Mather and Jinks \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1982\u003c/span\u003e). Heterosis is clearly related to heterozygosity, but it has long been debated how heterozygosity results in heterosis. Two predominant theories were proposed as the genetic basis of heterosis. The overdominance hypothesis (Shull \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1908\u003c/span\u003e; East \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1936\u003c/span\u003e) states that heterozygosity at single loci confers properties that are superior to either homozygote. In contrast, the dominance hypothesis (Bruce \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1910\u003c/span\u003e; Keeble and Pellew \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1910\u003c/span\u003e; Jones \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1917\u003c/span\u003e) proposed that dominant factors from either parent mask deleterious recessive mutations from the other parent in the heterozygous F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e. In both cases, the inbreeding depression is due to segregation and expression of deleterious recessive mutations in inbred progenies (Allard \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1960\u003c/span\u003e; Simmonds \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1979\u003c/span\u003e). A third, less widely embraced hypothesis suggests that heterosis may arise from epistasis between alleles at different loci (Stuber \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Goodnight \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransgressive segregation is common in plant breeding populations, where small minority of recombinants are outliers relative to parental phenotypes. While this phenomenon has been attributed to complementation and epistatic effects, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular bases have not been fully illuminated. The phenomenon of transgressive segregation, which is observed in both natural and artificial populations created by plant breeding, is characterized by the occurrence of minority phenotypic outliers relative to parental range across a segregating or recombinant population derived from genetically divergent parents. In addition to the classic explanations attributing complementation and epistatic interactions as major mechanisms behind transgressive traits, the possible roles of coupling and uncoupling effects and genetic network rewiring have also been recently proposed (Vega and Frey, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e; Rieseberg et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Dittrich-Reed and Fitzpatrick, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; de Los Reyes, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Combined with the paradigms of genomic biology, the potential of transgressive individuals for enhanced yield of crops have been established, but its true potential for adaptive traits is yet to be determined (DeVicente and Tanksley, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis experiment was carried out at the Main Experimental Station of A.N.D. University of Agriculture \u0026amp; Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (U. P.) India. The experimental material was based on a line x tester set of 63 hybrids (F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es) and 63 F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es developed by crossing 21 lines (females) \u003cem\u003eviz.\u003c/em\u003e,NDRK 5004, NDRK 5093, NDRK 5040, NDRK 5062, NDRK 5037, NDRK5025, NDRK 50059, NDRK 5081, NDRK 50047, NDRK 5039, IR 66946-3R-178-1-1 (FL 478), Sushk Samrat, IR 85897, Pant 10, CSR 10, Sarjoo 52, Narendra 2064, Narendra Usar Dhan 2, Deepak, Sundri and Pusa Basamati 1 with 3 testers (males) \u003cem\u003eviz.\u003c/em\u003e, Narendra Usar Dhan 3, CSR 23 and IR 28. An attempt was made to make a sixty three cross combinations during \u003cem\u003eKharif\u003c/em\u003e season 2016 and 2017 to generate F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es and F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es. The 63 F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es and 63 F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es along with their parents including two checks, Jaya and CSR 43 (total set of 152 genotypes) were studied to work out theheterosis, transgressive segregation and inbreeding depressioneffects of their various attributes on grain yield under the sodic soil in randomized complete block design with three replications during \u003cem\u003eKharif\u003c/em\u003e 2018. Data on various attributes \u003cem\u003eviz\u003c/em\u003e., days to 50% flowering, chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen, leaf temperature, flag leaf area (cm), plant height (cm), panicle bearing tillers per plant, panicle length(cm), spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, spikelet fertility (%), biological yield per plant (g), harvest-index (%), L:B ratio, 1000-grain weight (g), amylose content, protein content and grain yield per plant (g) were recorded and analysed as per Kempthorne (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1957\u003c/span\u003e). Heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis estimated as per Fonseca and Patterson (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1968\u003c/span\u003e), and inbreeding depression as perHill (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1966\u003c/span\u003e). For the transgressive segregation the observations were recorded on fifteen randomly selected plants taken from each genotype of each replication. The percentage of superior segregants in particular cross is recorded by calculating the number of plants exceeding mean value of best check to the total number of plants in a cross.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe selected genotypes of different breeding populations were used to work out the SDS PAGE protein profiling of rice seed was done by method described by Laemmli, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1970\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe heterosis breeding has been used extensively in improving yield potential through development of hybrid cultivars in most of the allogamous crops and some autogamous crops like rice as well. The exploitation of heterosis for developing high yielding commercial hybrids in rice has been found highly fruitful inspite of its autogamous nature because significant heterosis is encountered in F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e hybrids and successful and economical technology for commercial hybrid seed production is available. A wide range of variation in the estimates of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis in positive and negative direction was observed for grain yield per plant and other related traits. Top five F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e s that showed good heterotic potential for grain yield and yield contributing traits over Jaya (SV1) as well as CSR 43 (SV2) were NDRK 5037 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x IR 28, NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, NDRK 5037 x CSR 23 and NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 presented in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The findings will help promote rice improvements in context to establishment of heterotic patterns as a requirement for a sustainable long-term success of hybrid rice breeding (Shrivastav et al. \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe estimates of inbreeding depression of eighteen characters of sixty three crosses are presented in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The range of inbreeding depression for grain yield per plant was ranged from 4.39 (NDRK 5004 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3) to 38.74% (NDRK 5037 x CSR 23). The depressed cross was 38.74% (NDRK 5037 x CSR 23) followed by 31.98 (NDRK 5047 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3), 30.95 (Sundri x IR 28), 30.90 (NDRK 5004 x IR 28), and 30.56% (NDRK 5025 x CSR 23). Among 63 crosses all were positively significant while none had negatively significant inbreeding depression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajority of the crosss combinations possessing high heterosis also had high estimates of inbreeding depression. Further, it indicated that both the heterosis as well as inbreeding depression is closely related phenomenon with preponderance of non additive gene action. The similar findings have also been reported by Alamet al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e, Verma and Srivastava (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e, Sharma et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e) \u003cstrong\u003eand\u003c/strong\u003e Venkannaet al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e).\u003c/strong\u003e The presence of high heterosis for economically important characters is not only useful for developing hybrids, synthetic or composites through exploitation of heterosis, but also helps in obtaining transgressive segregants for development of superior homozygous lines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn genetics, transgressive segregation is the formation of extreme phenotypes, or transgressive phenotypes, observed in segregated hybrid populations compared to phenotypes observed in the parental lines. The transgressive segregation was estimated as appearance of these trangressive (extreme) phenotypes can be either positive or negative in terms of fitness. The estimates of transgressive segregation for eighteen characters of sixty three crosses are presented in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor grain yield per plant twenty one crosses over better parent, twenty eight crosses over SV\u003csub\u003e1,\u003c/sub\u003e and nineteen crosses over SV\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e exhibited positive and significant residual heterosis, due to increased \u003cem\u003eper se\u003c/em\u003e performance in F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e generation. As such selection of promising lines in segregating generation, especially to pick up the transgressive segregants by maintaining number of progenies would be more persepective method to make progress for this trait. The top five transgressive segregants over better parent were NDRK 5004 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 (26.47), Sarjoo 52 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 (25.41), NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 (24.89), NDRK 5062 x IR 28 (21.26) and CSR 10 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 (19.55) in grin yield per plant and these same crosses have best heterotic potential as well as high amount of inbreeding depression; it clearly indicated that preponderance of non additive gene action (additive x additive) in such type of cross combinations that\u0026rsquo;s why they are showing transgressive segregation as well due heritable and fixable nature of gene action. These results are similar to those of Verma and Srivastava (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e, Saleem et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e) \u003cstrong\u003eand Seetharam\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eet al.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e(2013)\u003c/strong\u003e. For amylose content none of the crosse over better parent, twenty four crosses over SV\u003csub\u003e1,\u003c/sub\u003e and forty two over SV\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e exhibited positive and significant residual heterosis, due to increased \u003cem\u003eper se\u003c/em\u003e performance in F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e generation. As such selection of promising lines in segregating generation, especially to pick up the transgressive segregants by maintaining number of progenies would be more persepective method to make progress for this trait. For protein content three crosses over better parent, forty five over SV\u003csub\u003e1,\u003c/sub\u003e and nine over SV\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e exhibited positive and significant residual heterosis, due to increased \u003cem\u003eper se\u003c/em\u003e performance in F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e generation. As such selection of promising lines in segregating generation, especially to pick up the transgressive segregants by maintaining number of progenies would be more persepective method to make progress for this trait. In F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es segregating population, some of the crosses were found as transgressive segregants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most promising crosses based on mean performance, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis (SV1 and SV2), SCA effect, GCA effect of parent and the traits for which these crosses also exhibited desirable hetrosis for grain yield / plant in F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es and F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es have been depicted in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The ten most promising crosses \u003cem\u003eviz\u003c/em\u003e., NDRK 5037 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x IR 28, Sarjoo 52 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, Narendra 2064 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, NDRK 5004 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5037 x CSR 23, NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5093 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 and Narendra 2064 x CSR 23 in F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es while in F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es are NDRK 5004 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, Sarjoo 52 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x IR 28, CSR 10 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, Narendra 2064 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5039 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5059 x IR 28 and DRK 5037 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3. It indicated that additive and non additive genetic effects were responsible for increased grain yield in these F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es over the SV\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and SV\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. Such type of hybrid could be meaningful for heterosis breeding and desirable segregants could also be screened out in succeeding generations as a substantiall part of variance which was concidered as fixable one. Heterosis for grain yield in these crosses could be due to desirable heterotic response for component traits such as days to 50% flowering, chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen, leaf temperature, flag leaf area, plant height, panicle bearing tillers / plant, panicle length, spikelets / panicle, grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, biological yield / plant, harvest index, L/B ratio, 1000- grain weight, amylose content, protein content, these character were also showed desirable genetic association with grain yield. The hybrid combinations showing non additive gene action, may be exploited through the use of CMS system. Since the stable CMS with perfect restoration in rice are available now.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, the yielding ability in the present set of material might be enhanced due to higher level of manifestation from yield, physiological and few quality contributing traits. Further, rice workers have also observed that grain yield might be due to heterotic response through all other yield contributing traits. Similar finding have also been reported by Janardanam et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e; Punitha et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; Verma and Srivastava, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Singh et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e; Roy et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e Chougule et al. \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eand\u003c/strong\u003e Sudeepthi et al. \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeed protein profiling is the most promising tool in determining the molecular polymorphism and genetic homology. Seed storage proteins help in cultivar identification by avoiding the external environmental influences. Electrophoretically detectable proteins in rice grains possess the potential of characterizing the germplasm by their taxonomic and evolutionary aspects. This study was aimed at exploiting the genetic variations among 48 (parents\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es+transgressive segregants\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;checks) elite rice genotypes through electrophoretical separation of grain proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) at 12% (Fig.\u0026nbsp;1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt 35 kDa the medium to dark bands were present in parents, F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es, F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es, transgressive segregants and checks while in highly inbreeding depressed cross combinations, variable range of the bands were observed \u003cem\u003eviz.\u003c/em\u003e, absence of band, light, medium and dark bands (Fig.\u0026nbsp;1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajority of these populations have two distinct protein bands in parents; three in F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es and F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es; and only one in transgressivesegregants and highly inbreeding depressed cross combination, which indicated that these proteins are developed in the salt tolerant breeding populations and play an important role in salt tolerance. The SDS-PAGE in combination with 2-D electrophoresis is further suggested for documenting contrasting variations of isoforms of protein peptides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe RM values and banding pattern of different breeding populatins\u003cem\u003eviz.\u003c/em\u003e, parents, F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es, F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es, transgressive segregants including checks have been depicted in Tables\u0026nbsp;4, 5 and 6. Seed protein showed variability in banding pattern of polypeptide at 12% acrylamide gel during SDS-PAGE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResult revealed that majority the parents including checks refelected/ visualized high to medium intensity of bands on 0.40 and 0.60 RM values (Table\u0026nbsp;5). Similarly, elite hybrids and their segregants showed high to medium intensity of band on 0.50 and 0.75 RM value (Table\u0026nbsp;6). Further, elite transgressivesegregants showed high to medium intensity of band on 0.11, 0.22, 0.40 and 0.65 RM value. However, highly inbreeding depressed crosses showed high to medium intensity of band only on 0.65 RM value.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTolerant breeding populations showed similar banding pattern whereas susceptible exhibited similar banding pattern but possesses wide variations between tolerant and susceptible. At 35 kDa the medium to dark bands were present in parents, F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es, F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es, transgressive segregants and checks while in highly inbreeding depressed cross combinations, variable range of the bands were observed \u003cem\u003eviz.\u003c/em\u003e, absence of bands, light, medium and dark bands (Figs.\u0026nbsp;1, 2 and 3). Such a banding patern reflects that similar banding pattern on 35 kDa may certainly have salt tolerant QTLs in elite parents, which have inherited successfully in F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es and transgressive segregants. Hence, emphasis should be given to elute these desired QTLs inorder to incorporate these salt tolerant traits of interest in local cultivar and / or widely adopted genotype for sustainability under salt affected soil of poor farmers. The similar reports have been reported by Tripathy et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea of this study was developed by Shiv Prakash Shrivastav and O.P. Verma they participated in its design and interpretation of the data. Dan Singh Jakhar helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study has no any type of funding.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and material\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Experimental data used for analysis and further writing of this article are available with the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe declare that there is no any confict of interest in connection with the work submitted by us.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlam, M.F.; Khan, M.R.; Nuruzzaman, M.; Parvez, S.; Swaraz, A.M.; Alam, I. and Ahsan, N. 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Res., \u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e, \u003c/em\u003e46(1): 15-26.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeetharaman, K.; Thirumeni, S.; Paramsivam, K. and Nadaradjan, S. Genetic diversity analysis of rice (\u003cem\u003eOryza sativa \u003c/em\u003eL.) genotype for seedling characters under saline-alkaline condition. \u003cem\u003eElectronic J. Plant Breed.,\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2013\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e, \u003c/em\u003e4(1): 1034-1042.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSharma, S.K.; Singh, S.K.; Nandan, R.; Sharma, A.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, V. and Singh, M.K. Estimation of heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and yield related traits in rice (\u003cem\u003eOryza sativa \u003c/em\u003eL.). \u003cem\u003eMolecular Plant Breed.\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cstrong\u003e2013\u003c/strong\u003e, 4(29) 238-246.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShrivastav, S. P., Verma, O. P., Jakhar, D. S., Singh, V., \u0026amp;Lal, K. Studies on component of genetic variance and heterotic response in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for high yield with quality and sodicity tolerance. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2022, 82(04).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShull, G. H., 1908.The composition of a field of maize. Ann. Breed. Assoc. 4: 296\u0026ndash;301.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimmonds, N. W., 1979 Principles of Crop Improvement. Longman Group, London and New York.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingh, N.K.; Singh, A.K.; Sharma, C.L.; Singh, P.K. and Singh, O.N. Study of heterosis in rice using line x tester mating system. \u003cem\u003eOryza\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003e2007\u003c/strong\u003e, 44(3): 260-263.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStebbins, G.L., 1958. The inviability weakness and sterility of interpecific hybrids. Adv. Genet, 9:147-215.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStuber, C.W., 1994. Heterosis in plant breeding. Plant Breed. Rev., 12:227-251.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSudeepthi, K., Jyothula, D.P.B. andSuneetha, Y. Heterosis and combining ability studies for yield and yield component traits in rice (\u003cem\u003eOryza sativa \u003c/em\u003eL.). \u003cem\u003eInt. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., \u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2018\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e, \u003c/em\u003e7(10): 1205-1211.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTripathy, S.K.; Mohapatra, B.R.; Nayak, P.K.; Pal, S.; Senapati, N.; Dash, G. B.; Lenka, D.; Swain, D. and Ranjan, R. (2015). Revealing genetic variation in upland rice using seed storage protein profiling. Res. on Crops,16(2): 320-331.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVega, U., and Frey, K. J. (1980). Transgressive segregation in inter and intraspecific crosses of barley. Euphytica 29, 585\u0026ndash;594. doi: 10.1007/BF00023206.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVenkanna, V.; Raju, Ch. S.; Lingaiah, N. and Rao, V.T. (2014). Studies on heterosis and inbreeding depression for grain yield and grain quality traits in rice (Oryza Sativa L.). \u003cem\u003eInt. J. Sci., Environ. Tech.,\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2014\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e, \u003c/em\u003e3(3) 910 \u0026ndash; 916.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVerma, O.P. and Srivastava, H.K. Heterosis and segregation distortion for grain quality traits using diverse genotypes in rice (\u003cem\u003eO. sativa\u003c/em\u003e L.). \u003cem\u003eJ. Sustainable Agri., \u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2005\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e,\u003c/em\u003e 26(3): 15-30.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWright, S., 1977. Evaluation and the Genetics of Populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYou, H., Zafar, S., Zhang, F., Zhu, S., Chen, K., Shen, C., ...\u0026amp;Xu, J. Genetic mechanism of heterosis for rice milling and appearance quality in an elite rice hybrid. The Crop Journal, 2022, 10(6), 1705-1716.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1. Most promising crosses based on mean performance, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis (SV\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and SV\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e), SCA effect, GCA effect of parent and traits for which these \u0026nbsp;crosses also \u0026nbsp;exhibited desirable heterosis for grain yield / plant in F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"\" width=\"97%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eS. No.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrosses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eper se\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Performance\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeterosis over better-parent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeterosis over SV\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeterosis over SV\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSCA effect\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCA effect of parent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTraits for which these the cross also exhibited desirable heterosis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNDRK 5004* \u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.73**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.47**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.32**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.10**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.08**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHxH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCC, FLA, PL, S/P, G/P, \u0026nbsp;SF, BY/P, HI, 1000-GW, AC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSarjoo 52 * \u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.61**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.41**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.44**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.27**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHxH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLN, PBT/P, \u0026nbsp;PL, S/P, G/P, \u0026nbsp;SF, BY/P, HI, AC, PC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNDRK 5040* \u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.48**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.89**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.51**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.40**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHxH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCC, S/P, G/P, \u0026nbsp;SF, BY/P, HI,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNDRK 5062 * IR 28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.92**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.26**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.33**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.49**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHxL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCC, PH, PL, S/P, G/P, \u0026nbsp;BY/P, L/B\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCSR 10* \u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.65**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.55**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.37**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.65**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.63**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHxH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCC, PH, PBT/P, \u0026nbsp;PL, S/P, G/P, \u0026nbsp;SF, BY/P, HI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNDRK 5062* CSR 23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.47**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.38**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.02**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.39**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHxA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCC, LN, PL, S/P, G/P, \u0026nbsp;BY/P\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNarendra 2064*NarendraUsarDhan 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.80**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.81**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.11**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.79**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.26**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHxH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCC, FLA, PH, PBT/P, \u0026nbsp;S/P, G/P, \u0026nbsp;BY/P, 1000-GW, AC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNDRK 5039*\u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.61**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.88**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.71**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.48**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.73**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHxH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDF, CC, PL, S/P, BY/P, L/B, 1000-GW, AC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNDRK 5059* IR 28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.12**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.39**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.10**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.10**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.35**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHxL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCC, LN, FLA, PH, PL, G/P, \u0026nbsp;SF, BY/P, L/B, \u0026nbsp;AC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.2631578947368425%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.94736842105263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNDRK 5037*\u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.82**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.84**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.91**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.05**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.473684210526315%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHxH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCC, FLA, PH, PL, S/P, G/P, \u0026nbsp;SF, BY/P, HI, L/B, PC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTraits:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDF\u003c/strong\u003e=Days to 50% flowering,\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;CC=\u003c/strong\u003eChlorophyll content (spad value), \u003cstrong\u003eLN\u003c/strong\u003e= Leaf nitrogen (spad value), \u003cstrong\u003eLT\u003c/strong\u003e= Leaf temperature\u0026nbsp;(spad value),\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;FLA\u003c/strong\u003e=Flag leaf area(cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e), \u003cstrong\u003ePH\u003c/strong\u003e=Plant height (cm), \u003cstrong\u003ePBT/P\u003c/strong\u003e=Panicle bearing tillers / plant, \u003cstrong\u003ePL\u003c/strong\u003e=Panicle length (cm), \u003cstrong\u003eS/P\u003c/strong\u003e=Spikelets / panicle,\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;G/P=\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eGrains per panicle\u003cstrong\u003e, SF\u003c/strong\u003e=Spikelet fertility (%),\u003cstrong\u003eBY/P\u003c/strong\u003e= Biological yield / plant (g),\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;HI\u003c/strong\u003e=Harvest index (%), \u003cstrong\u003eL/B\u003c/strong\u003e=L/B ratio\u003cstrong\u003e, 1000-GW=\u003c/strong\u003e1000- grain weight (g), \u003cstrong\u003eAC\u003c/strong\u003e= Amylose content, \u003cstrong\u003ePC\u003c/strong\u003e= Protein contentand\u003cstrong\u003eGY/P\u003c/strong\u003e=Grain yield / plant(g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables 2 and 3 are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.4 Relative mobility at 12 % SDS-PAGE of selected parents in rice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.239179954441913%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ekDa value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.264236902050114%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of gel (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.466970387243736%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR.M.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"83.02961275626424%\" colspan=\"18\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCheck 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCheck 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.4945054945054945%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.4945054945054945%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.4945054945054945%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.4945054945054945%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.4945054945054945%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.4945054945054945%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.4945054945054945%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.357142857142857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.21978021978022%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.21978021978022%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.357142857142857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.21978021978022%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.21978021978022%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.21978021978022%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.21978021978022%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.21978021978022%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.24515393386545%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.271379703534778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.473204104903079%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.24515393386545%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.271379703534778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.473204104903079%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.24515393386545%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.271379703534778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.473204104903079%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.24515393386545%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.271379703534778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.473204104903079%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.24515393386545%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n 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valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.24515393386545%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.271379703534778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.473204104903079%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.24515393386545%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.271379703534778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.473204104903079%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.24515393386545%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.271379703534778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.473204104903079%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.24515393386545%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.271379703534778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.473204104903079%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.929304446978335%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.561003420752566%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.4469783352337515%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.3329532497149374%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+ \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Low intensity of the band, ++Medium intensity of the band\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+++ High intensity of the band, -No band was found.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP= Parents\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP1-NDRK 5037, P2-NDRK 5062, P3-Sarjoo 52, P4-Narendra 2064, P5-NDRK 5004, P6-NDRK 5040, P7-NDRK 5093, P8-CSR 10, P9- NDRK 5039, P10-NDRK 5059, P11-NDRK 5047, P12-Sundri, P13-NDRK 5025, P14-Narendra UsarDhan 3, P15-CSR 23, P16- IR 28, Check1- Jaya, Check2- CSR 43\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.5- Relative mobility at 12 % SDS-PAGE of promising F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es and F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es in rice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.016008537886873%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ekDa value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.976520811099253%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.4255%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of gel (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.5891141942369265%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR.M.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"84.41835645677695%\" colspan=\"20\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 35.4969%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrosses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF2S1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF2S2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF2S3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF2S4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF2S5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF2S6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF2S7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF2S8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF2S9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.1767676767676765%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.178%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF2S10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.429292929292929%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF1S1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF1S2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF1S3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF3S4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF1S5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF1S6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF1S7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF1S8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.924242424242424%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF1S9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.555555555555555%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.1285%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF1S10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.0106609808102345%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.970149253731344%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.4255%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.371002132196162%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.178%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.690831556503198%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.1285%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.0106609808102345%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.970149253731344%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.4255%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.371002132196162%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.178%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n 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valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.690831556503198%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.1285%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.0106609808102345%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.970149253731344%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.4255%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n 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width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.371002132196162%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.178%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.690831556503198%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.1285%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.0106609808102345%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.970149253731344%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.4255%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n 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valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.1285%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.0106609808102345%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.970149253731344%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.4255%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.371002132196162%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.178%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n 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valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.690831556503198%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.1285%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.0106609808102345%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.970149253731344%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.4255%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.371002132196162%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.178%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.690831556503198%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.1285%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.0106609808102345%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.970149253731344%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.4255%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.371002132196162%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.178%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.690831556503198%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.1285%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.0106609808102345%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.970149253731344%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.4255%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.371002132196162%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.178%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.584221748400853%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.9305%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.881%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157782515991471%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7325%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.690831556503198%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.1285%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+ \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Low intensity of the band, ++Medium intensity of the band\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+++ High intensity of the band, -No band was found.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eF1S= F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003eS crosses, F2s= F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es segregants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eF1S1- NDRK 5037 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S2- NDRK 5062 x IR 28, F1S3- Sarjoo 52 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S4- Narendra 2064 x \u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S5- NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, F1S6- NDRK 5004 x \u0026nbsp; NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S7- NDRK 5037 x CSR 23, F1S8- NDRK 5040 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S9- NDRK 5093 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F1S10-Narendra 2064 x CSR 23, F2S1- NDRK 5004 x \u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3 ,F2S2- Sarjoo 52 x \u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3, F2S3- NDRK 5040 x \u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3, F2S4- NDRK 5062 x IR 28, F2S5- CSR 10 x \u0026nbsp;NarendraUsarDhan 3, F2S6- NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, F2S7-Narendra 2064 xNarendraUsarDhan 3, F2S8- NDRK 5039 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, F2S9- NDRK 5059 x IR 28, F2S10- NDRK 5037 x NarendraUsarDhan 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.6 Relative mobility at 12 % SDS-PAGE of highest depressed crosses and top transgressivesegregants in rice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.732634338138925%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ekDa value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.732634338138925%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of gel (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.732634338138925%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR.M.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"76.80209698558322%\" colspan=\"10\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrosses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHID5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHID4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHID3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHID2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHID1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTS5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTS4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n 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width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+ \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Low intensity of the band, ++Medium intensity of the band\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+++ High intensity of the band, -No band was found.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTS= Transgressivesegregants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHID= Highly inbreeding depressed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTS1- NDRK 5004 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, TS2- Sarjoo 52 x NarendraUsarDhan, TS3- NDRK 5040 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, TS4-), NDRK 5062 x IR 28, TS5- CSR 10 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, HID1-NDRK 5037 x CSR 23, HID2- NDRK 5047 x NarendraUsarDhan 3, HID3- Sundri x IR 28, HID4- NDRK 5004 x IR 28, HID5- NDRK 5025 x CSR 23\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Rice, heterosis, transgressive segregation, inbreeding depression, SDS PAGE, protein profiling, breeding populations and sodic soil","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4006192/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4006192/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe present investigation was carried out at the Main Experimental Station of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture \u0026amp; Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (U.P.) India. A field experiment was conducted by using a line x tester set of 63 F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es and 63 F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es derived by crossing 21 rice genotypes/varieties as lines (females) with three testers (males) \u003cem\u003eviz.\u003c/em\u003e, Narendra Usar Dhan 3, CSR 23 and IR 28 with 2 check varieties (Jaya and CSR 43) of rice (\u003cem\u003eOryza sativa\u003c/em\u003e L.) in randomized complete block design with three replications to work out the heterosis, transgressive segregantion and inbreeding depression effects for various attributes under the sodic soil condition. Among these, top 5 F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es \u003cem\u003eviz\u003c/em\u003e., NDRK 5037 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x IR 28, NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, NDRK 5037 x CSR 23 and NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3were showed significant positive standard heterosis for grain yield per plant over SV\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and SV\u003csub\u003e2,\u003c/sub\u003e respectively. All of the above mentioned crosses had highly significant inbreeding depression for grain yield per plant in F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e generation. Inspite of grain yield of these F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es had significant heterosis and inbreeding depression for some of the other yield contributing characters also. This study indicated the presence of non additive gene action in the inheritance of grain yield per plant and some of the other yield contributing characters. Tolerant breeding populations showed similar banding pattern whereas susceptible exhibited similar banding pattern but possesses wide variations between tolerant and susceptible. At 35 kDa the medium to dark bands were present in parents, F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es, F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003es, transgressive segregants and checks while in highly inbreeding depressed cross combinations, variable range of the bands were observed \u003cem\u003eviz.\u003c/em\u003e, absence of bands, light, medium and dark bands. Our data ofer a valuable resource for advancing the understanding and facilitating the utilization of additive and non-additive information for rice improvement.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Estimates of heterosis, inbreeding depression and transgressive segregation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-03-07 09:06:20","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4006192/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b9a2b96f-1ebf-46df-b538-ce704e38c0c3","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 7th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-03-30T16:29:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-03-07 09:06:20","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4006192","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4006192","identity":"rs-4006192","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}