Abstract
Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent condition, affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. While malignant transformation of endometriosis typically occurs in ovarian tissue, such transformation at extraovarian sites—particularly within abdominal wall scars—is exceedingly rare. Fewer than 50 cases of malignancies arising from abdominal wall scar endometriosis have been reported globally. The most commonly observed histological types include clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis requires comprehensive histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Patients with such transformations often present with nonspecific symptoms, which can mimic benign postoperative complications or soft tissue tumors, thereby contributing to diagnostic delays. Given the aggressive behavior and potential for recurrence, early recognition and intervention are crucial. This report describes a rare case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis in a laparotomy scar, underscoring the importance of timely diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize clinical outcomes.
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Endometriosis-Associated Malignant Transformation Arising in a Laparotomy Scar: A Case Report and Literature Review
Description
Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent condition, affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. While malignant transformation of endometriosis typically occurs in ovarian tissue, such transformation at extraovarian sites—particularly within abdominal wall scars—is exceedingly rare. Fewer than 50 cases of malignancies arising from abdominal wall scar endometriosis have been reported globally. The most commonly observed histological types include clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis requires comprehensive histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Patients with such transformations often present with nonspecific symptoms, which can mimic benign postoperative complications or soft tissue tumors, thereby contributing to diagnostic delays. Given the aggressive behavior and potential for recurrence, early recognition and intervention are crucial. This report describes a rare case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis in a laparotomy scar, underscoring the importance of timely diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize clinical outcomes.
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