A Fusion Deep Q-Learning and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Adaptive Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Circumstances

A Fusion Deep Q-Learning and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Adaptive Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Circumstances | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A Fusion Deep Q-Learning and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Adaptive Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Circumstances Ahmed Hadi, Mohammed E. Seno, Waleed Kareem Awad, Ravie Chandren Muniyandi, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7757060/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Efficient resource allocation in cloud computing remains a critical challenge due to the dynamic nature of workloads, increasing service-level expectations, and the need to balance multiple optimization goals such as execution time, cost, and energy consumption. Traditional heuristic-based scheduling methods often fail to adapt to unpredictable workload patterns, leading to suboptimal performance and SLA violations. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel hybrid algorithm that integrates Deep Q-Learning (DQL) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to enable intelligent and adaptive decision-making in cloud environments. The DQL component learns optimal resource allocation policies through continuous interaction with the environment, while the PSO module enhances action selection by performing global optimization and accelerating convergence. The proposed framework was evaluated using real-world workload datasets and benchmark simulators such as CloudSim. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid model outperforms existing standalone and hybrid algorithms by achieving up to a 35% reduction in task execution time and a 40% improvement in resource utilization. Additionally, the method shows strong statistical significance and robustness under varying system conditions. These findings highlight the effectiveness of combining reinforcement learning with swarm intelligence to address complex, multi-objective resource scheduling problems in cloud computing. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing Cloud computing Resource allocation Deep Q-Learning (DQL) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Hybrid algorithm Reinforcement learning Task scheduling Service Level Agreement (SLA) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 14 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 07 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 06 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 01 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7757060","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":535622528,"identity":"cfb10c17-4f81-4f39-9a53-6e691cc54491","order_by":0,"name":"Ahmed Hadi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Univers ity of Fa llujah","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ahmed","middleName":"","lastName":"Hadi","suffix":""},{"id":535622529,"identity":"ece6dc58-2b6c-4be5-82ca-63c0cf533b38","order_by":1,"name":"Mohammed E. Seno","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Al Maarif","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammed","middleName":"E.","lastName":"Seno","suffix":""},{"id":535622530,"identity":"edaf8740-d4ac-4823-920e-a39c79b98d04","order_by":2,"name":"Waleed Kareem Awad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Al Anbar","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Waleed","middleName":"Kareem","lastName":"Awad","suffix":""},{"id":535622531,"identity":"782a0144-45f8-47b0-9939-8aa975382ca1","order_by":3,"name":"Ravie Chandren Muniyandi","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), IKRAM-UNITEN","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ravie","middleName":"Chandren","lastName":"Muniyandi","suffix":""},{"id":535622532,"identity":"b0acaab7-4ea5-441a-8219-181c577405d4","order_by":4,"name":"Mohammad Kamrul Hasan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"Kamrul","lastName":"Hasan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-01 06:53:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7757060/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7757060/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-33498-2","type":"published","date":"2026-04-16T15:58:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":94580828,"identity":"9c48ec19-73c7-440c-8bc8-f3a956cc093e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:11","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2902820,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AFusionDeepQLearningandParticleSwarmOptimizationAlgorithmforAdaptiveResourceAllocationinCloudCompu.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/fabc391e68ff157cc24ae041.docx"},{"id":94580847,"identity":"b5a7322c-54e3-44e9-9596-41d45522f3f5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:11","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8039,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"0a6116cf31df4c899e155330c3bc24f2.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/c011f57eb5a3c839aa0f9863.json"},{"id":94581245,"identity":"88f88eb2-42e8-411c-b0da-f7253524cba9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:24","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":109371,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"0a6116cf31df4c899e155330c3bc24f21enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/bd7c36440f79da7d0e484997.xml"},{"id":94581324,"identity":"49e5f86a-d898-42ae-9b3e-2a43b38ac605","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:27","extension":"eps","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":133470,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage1.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/c4c94b5d40c80baf17b217e6.eps"},{"id":94580298,"identity":"171691ce-9283-4cb7-946a-3af912245188","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:11:56","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1382182,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/3b0f8e74626cefafd5b77613.png"},{"id":94582379,"identity":"0a8bb4dd-f79d-40f9-bbb9-0a50ceada750","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:13:05","extension":"jpeg","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":188074,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/e8e236601b5f752cd0187a24.jpeg"},{"id":94581566,"identity":"8fe1b03d-63ab-470c-b791-6aaabd598ac3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:36","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2187822,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/265a0da9b3ebb4e2f0f95e2e.jpeg"},{"id":94580065,"identity":"9b860208-50a4-4fc4-8add-9c6ecb219f54","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:11:44","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1413353,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/1678961ceb4b14a637e8252f.jpeg"},{"id":94580856,"identity":"f231ef14-bb03-44bd-8ae5-9d50c60d462a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:12","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1356034,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/95ceeb15e19d33fb853a7354.png"},{"id":94580047,"identity":"672e1d60-28ff-4dfb-be7c-7f183d3fa8f6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:11:43","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":792792,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/7c38f8e28880c22e893579f4.jpeg"},{"id":94580068,"identity":"84886d10-e064-44f1-afdd-0e5fce9503b0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:11:44","extension":"jpeg","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1074,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/de905d5cd0795f8c7b364e41.jpeg"},{"id":94580168,"identity":"32c66108-4b82-44f1-81e2-8b9809a9db81","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:11:50","extension":"jpeg","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":618874,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/0804523126e019d0278c483b.jpeg"},{"id":94581227,"identity":"47a2a402-3a30-42f3-9623-abb1eaf13c56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:23","extension":"jpeg","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1139493,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/39d7a0ade76b0ef780782df5.jpeg"},{"id":94580078,"identity":"9367476c-d876-4a16-ab2e-776bb23b8301","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:11:45","extension":"jpeg","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1371370,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/4c23e1e70f4a654e6042a657.jpeg"},{"id":94581260,"identity":"655ee835-be5a-400c-8a15-a2123974f7dc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:25","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":68028,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/7d393ba08db0df2f3dbc34bd.png"},{"id":94582383,"identity":"93b7a0d7-bb68-4b67-bacd-0023b9bf7000","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:13:06","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":38382,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/d8adeac955df03880d05f4bc.png"},{"id":94580862,"identity":"2b5a19f5-5529-4ad0-85bb-3ade6ad4096b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:12","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":400805,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/f79b32a02cfd53c31429cb1a.png"},{"id":94581229,"identity":"20688bf5-11b7-4b05-bd53-2122e85d011e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:23","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":257873,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/603101c94e4c7c20d3a970d1.png"},{"id":94580050,"identity":"a1384cb8-d345-4c16-bd39-c1c9e498eac5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:11:43","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":63408,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/1d93297031a01e60d84535b6.png"},{"id":94581980,"identity":"37a625d0-01cb-49ba-be4f-71ddce80a4bd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:52","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":147651,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/9074cb23eb6c585dee7aa237.png"},{"id":94581018,"identity":"80d13181-702d-4064-9053-744718c364c5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:19","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":935,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/77afa7353a63eda14bb344b6.png"},{"id":94581565,"identity":"82e8a7ea-8931-4a9d-bfa4-9cddf0528d4b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:36","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":113398,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/a998ce54b919eb92a746cbb2.png"},{"id":94580891,"identity":"9f979943-0dd3-4848-a658-9976af541edb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:13","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":434666,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/b38002540e7bcacc3de3bf93.png"},{"id":94580852,"identity":"70e9f026-3287-49ca-8b2c-21ecfd152c5b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:12","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":778357,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/6b45bf215b9d65707506779c.png"},{"id":94580310,"identity":"5b1a93d3-a205-4a71-89d1-3a72a8a0831c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:11:56","extension":"xml","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":107217,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"0a6116cf31df4c899e155330c3bc24f21structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/f6f4333eb314cf7a7b2ca483.xml"},{"id":94581748,"identity":"4ca2a4c1-3319-4957-aa20-fafa4e3b210b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:12:40","extension":"html","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":126449,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1/52d2c02a8ffe82834f164a31.html"},{"id":107350837,"identity":"5dff7dbe-bdac-4127-96b2-84012c0070ac","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-20 16:05:29","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":631032,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AFusionDeepQLearningandParticleSwarmOptimizationAlgorithmforAdaptiveResourceAllocationinCloudCompu.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757060/v1_covered_37b6664e-1b63-4d76-8ea2-c8f095bdc19c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Fusion Deep Q-Learning and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Adaptive Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Circumstances","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cloud computing, Resource allocation, Deep Q-Learning (DQL), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Hybrid algorithm, Reinforcement learning, Task scheduling, Service Level Agreement (SLA)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7757060/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7757060/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEfficient resource allocation in cloud computing remains a critical challenge due to the dynamic nature of workloads, increasing service-level expectations, and the need to balance multiple optimization goals such as execution time, cost, and energy consumption. Traditional heuristic-based scheduling methods often fail to adapt to unpredictable workload patterns, leading to suboptimal performance and SLA violations. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel hybrid algorithm that integrates Deep Q-Learning (DQL) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to enable intelligent and adaptive decision-making in cloud environments. The DQL component learns optimal resource allocation policies through continuous interaction with the environment, while the PSO module enhances action selection by performing global optimization and accelerating convergence. The proposed framework was evaluated using real-world workload datasets and benchmark simulators such as CloudSim. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid model outperforms existing standalone and hybrid algorithms by achieving up to a 35% reduction in task execution time and a 40% improvement in resource utilization. Additionally, the method shows strong statistical significance and robustness under varying system conditions. These findings highlight the effectiveness of combining reinforcement learning with swarm intelligence to address complex, multi-objective resource scheduling problems in cloud computing.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Fusion Deep Q-Learning and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Adaptive Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Circumstances","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-28 15:53:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7757060/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-27T11:43:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-20T14:23:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"64680384279878000561887170603067155811","date":"2025-10-19T12:09:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-16T12:32:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"6110508837624393135416905252340450238","date":"2025-10-16T12:23:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"152732981053323476981923639315222281935","date":"2025-10-16T12:12:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"5912487362761384362098214561042586334","date":"2025-10-14T17:21:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-14T12:07:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-07T10:37:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-06T10:22:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-04T01:07:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-10-01T06:43:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c944aa0d-e0d4-4cb0-b966-09c6785c3a19","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":56947933,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":56947934,"name":"Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-20T16:02:44+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7757060","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-33498-2","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-16 15:58:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 16th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-28 15:53:27","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-33498-2","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-33498-2","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7757060","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7757060","identity":"rs-7757060","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}