Experimental analysis of Cellulose Fibre Insulation considering thermal Conductivity dependence on density using environment friendly additives

Experimental analysis of Cellulose Fibre Insulation considering thermal Conductivity dependence on density using environment friendly additives | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Experimental analysis of Cellulose Fibre Insulation considering thermal Conductivity dependence on density using environment friendly additives Deepak Padmakar Patil, Jayant Hemchandra Bhangale This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288240/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cellulose fibre insulation made up of recycled newspaper is used as thermal and acoustic insulation considered as environmentally friendly. Cellulose fibre insulation is sound absorber material and having excellent thermal resistance properties, biodegrability and low thermal conductivity compared to most of synthetic materials. The study was focused, to prepare environmentally friendly cellulose fibre insulation from waste newspaper from local market using environment friendly additives like borax, boric acid, aluminium sulfate, silica gel and calcium carbonate. To combine all these additives by weight with cellulose fibre pulp, binder was used. In conventional methods for preparation of cellulose fibre insulation, adhesive substances like glue, potato starch is used. In the preparation process of cellulose fibre insulation, fenugreek powder was used as a binder because it has excellent mucoadhesive properties. The mixture of cellulose fibre pulp, additives and binder were carefully selected by percentage of weight. To analyse effect of density on thermal conductivity, cellulose fibre insulation structure was prepared varying thickness from 15mm to 35mm and density range from 280–360 Kg/m 3 . Thermal conductivity of the cellulose fibre insulation was found in the range of 0.032 W/m-K to 0.044 W/m-K using heat flow meter method. In the experimentation, thermal conductivity and density was considered as measuring parameters. Where, density was considered as independent parameter and thermal conductivity considered as dependent parameter. Using linear regression analysis two equations were obtained for heat flow directions and results obtained showed, there was no significant effect of heat flow direction on thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation. Cellulose fibre insulation thermal conductivity additives density recycled news paper Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Cellulose fibre insulation prepared from waste newspaper is widely used as thermal and acoustic insulation. But, having some limitations like smouldering, fungal and mold growth on surface of insulation and low compressive strength. Various researcher studied the use of additives in cellulose fibre insulation to overcome these limitations. In the preparation of cellulose fibre insulation boric acid and borax are used to enhance properties like smouldering and fie resistance. Basically, borax prevents the combustion property and boric acid is used to prevent smouldering, fugal and mold growth on surface of cellulose fibre insulation [1]. The work done by Noburo Sekino on finding the relationship between density and thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation. Cellulose fibre insulation mats show direct proportion between thermal conductivity and density. Thermal conductivity increases nearly by 5 % but adding density value by 10 Kg/m3. The formation of heat bridges by cellulose fibre and their close contact points tends to increase thermal conductivity [2]. Silica aerogels enhance the thermal insulation properties of cellulose fibre insulation because of high porosity of silica gels. Sizhao Zhang et.al. concluded that, aerogels can be used in building material for better thermal insulation [3]. The proportion use of Aluminium sulfate and Calcium carbonate in gypsum as a gas producing additives reduced thermal conductivity and also maintained compressive strength [12]. In experimentation of silica gel with various cellulose fibre concentrations, Silica gels having excellent acoustic and thermal insulation properties compared to cellulose aerogels [5]. Jooley Kurian et. al. studied characteristics of fenugreek seed and confirmed that, fenugreek seed mucilage is a natural mucoadhesive polymer and presence of mucoadhesive properties [6]. Lightweight panel made from oil palm trunk shows thermal conductivity of 0.045-0.045 W/m-K with density 50-100 Kg/m3.[7] Silica – cellulose aerogels developed from recycled cellulose fibres and methoxytrimethylsilane having thermal conductivity 0.04W/m-K and sound absorption coefficient of 0.39-0.50 for 10 mm thickness of insulation.[8] The study of various earth based material was done to find effect of cellulose fibre on Mechanical and thermal performance and thermal conductivity of 0.032 W/m-K was found. [10] High strength and lowdensity cellulose aerogels for the application of thermal insulation was used and found that synthesized aerogel act as a thermal insulator and having thermal conductivity 0.025W/m-K at 1 percent weight of aerogel. [11] Background : Cellulose fibre insulation having low value of thermal conductivity and high heat resistance with acoustic properties. Study focused to find effective R value of the insulation for different densities of the cellulose fibber insulation structure. Objective: Objective of the study to prepare environment friendly cellulose fibre insulation structure with low thermal conductivity, high R-Value to resist heat flow and excellent acoustic properties with high compressive strength. Methods 1. Preparation of cellulose fibre insulation : To prepare cellulose fibre insulation from recycled waste newspaper step by step procedure was followed: 1.1 To prepare cellulose fibre insulation from local newspaper, 30 Kg of waste newspaper was collected from scrap collection centre. Newspaper available from scrap collection centre consists of pamphlet, hand bills, wet newspaper and advertising brochure. This are carefully separated in this process along with stapler pins. Carefully selected waste newspaper was torn in small pieces. 1.2 Soaking of newspaper to prepare cellulose fibre insulation pulp in warm water for 12-24 hrs.: Newspaper after tear in small pieces approximately 10-15 mm is soaked in warm water for atleast 12 hrs. to loosen hemicellulose fibres from newspaper. 1.3 Soaked newspaper into cotton-like flake: To prepare cotton-like flake pulp from soaked paper it is removed from water and excess water is drained using strainer tub. Then, excess water removed paper was crushed and grind using mortar and pestle available in home. After crushing into fine form, it is further crushed using mixer so that cotton-flake like pulp is obtained. 1.4 Wooden Mould fabrication: To prepare cellulose fibre insulation for calculated density with measured thickness, wooden moulds were manufactured. Moulds having inner dimension of 350*350*50 mm and five holes at the bottom was drilled to remove excess water. 1.5 To obtain required density for constant volume of insulation structure, wooden tamper is used. Using hand pressing Operation, cellulose structure was prepared. In the process of preparation of cellulose fibre insulation structure, cellulose pulp, binder and additives are taken in percentage by weight. Which is mixed externally on bucket and then to be filled in wooden moulds upto the required thickness e.g 15,20,25,30,35 mm used for experimentation. To match the thickness, the mixture is pressed firmly using tamper shown in above figure. 1.6 After 10-12 hours, the wet insulation sheet was diligently extracted and placed in sunlight for drying purpose. The rate of drying is dependent on intensity of solar radiation. 1.7 For the preparation of cellulose fibre insulation structure, the dimension of insulation forming box is 320*320*50 mm. So, to prepare composite cellulose fibre insulation structure of different densities varies from 280Kg/m 3 to 360 Kg/m 3 volume is kept constant. The Density Calculator uses the formula p=m/V, or density (p) is equal to mass (m) divided by volume (V). Considering, density (p) in Kg/m 3 , volume (V) in m 3 and mass (m) in Kg we will get mass of the insulation in Kg. 1.8 To prepare thermal insulation structure consisting of 70% waste paper cellulose fibre, 10% boric acid, 2% borax, 10% Aluminium Sulfate, 2% Calcium Carbonate, 2% Silica Gel and 4% Fenugreek by weight to resist the insulation structure from smouldering, fungal growth, molds growth on insulation considering thermal conductivity. Table shows the percentage by weight of cellulose pulp, additives and binder for the density 280Kg/m 3 , mass 0.430 Kg and volume 0.002m 3 . Table No. 1 Percentage by weight of additives and binder % by weight (w/w) 70 10 2 10 2 2 4 Cellulose weight Boric acid Borax Aluminium Sulfate Calcium Carbonate Silica Gel Fenugreek Powder 0.301 0.043 0.009 0.043 0.009 0.009 0.017 2. Experimental method To measure thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation heat flow meter method was used. For the lower surface, heating coil is placed which supplies heat to the composite insulation structure and measure by using voltmeter and ammeter. Total eight thermocouples measure the value at different direction, as test sample is considered as an-isotropic in nature. Heat flows in upward direction and also eight temperature sensors placed at upper surface of the specimen. 2.1 Measurement of k-Value The heat flow meter method ASTM C518 was used to perform experimentation. The cellulose fibre insulation structure was covered with heat flow meter from top and bottom side of the structure. Cellulose fibre insulation structure then placed between the plates with heat flow meters. Total 25 structure between density 280-360 Kg/m 3 having thickness 15 mm to 35 mm was tested on test set up. The readings were taken to calculate thermal conductivity using voltmeter, ammeter, heat supplied and temperature readings at surface of the cellulose fibre insulation structure. Eight thermocouples were placed on the upper surface of the insulation considering material is an- isotropic. Time required to achieve steady state for the system was between 6-8 hrs. depending on the thickness of the insulation. All the 25 structures were measured for the temperature range of 50 0 C for the bottom surface temperature of the insulation and heat flow was controlled using dimmer. Experimentation system was placed in closed glass structure to reduce the effect of convective heat transfer. The K-value of the test sample measured using Fourier’s law of heat conduction equation: K = qav × dx/ΔT [W/m-K],................. (1) Where, qav is the average heat flux (W/m 2 ) for upper surface of the insulation structure, dx is the thickness of the insulation structure (Range 15-35 mm), and ΔT is the temperature difference between lower and upper surface of the insulation structure. Results Density dependence in K-Values Fig. 2 and 3 shows the relationship between cellulose fibre insulation density and thermal conductivity. The graphs from the data plotted for heat transfer from bottom to top and vice versa for same operating temperatures. Fig. 2 Heat flow from downward to upward surface of CFI structure Here's the plot showing the regression lines for thermal conductivity as a function of CFI density for different material thicknesses (15 mm to 35 mm). Fig. 3 Heat flow from upward to downward surface of CFI structure Each line corresponds to a different thickness, and the equation of the regression line is shown in the legend. Regression equation 2 and 3 calculated for heat flow from downward to upward and upward to downward direction surface of CFI structure respectively. y = 0.00940 + 0.00009 * x… (2) y = 0.01020 + 0.000086 * x............ (3) Where: y = Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) x = Density of CFI (kg/m³) So, across all thicknesses, thermal conductivity increases by approximately 18–22% as density increases from 280 to 360 kg/m³. the thermal conductivity of the cellulose fibre insulation structure was found to increase by approximately 4.5% to 6% with every 20 kg/m 3 increase in structure density. From equation 2 and 3 it was found that, no significance effect on thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation considering direction of heat flow over structure. Conclusions From the present work, effect of the density on thermal conductivity was evaluated for thickness of the structure 15–35 mm and density from 280–360 Kg/m 3 . Along with the effect of heat flow on cellulose fibre insulation structure from upward to downward direction and vice versa. The thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation structure for variable thickness and density was in the range of 0.032 W/m-K to 0.044 W/m-K which was less than rockwool and oil palm trunk fibres insulation. The effect of adding bridge of 20 Kg/m 3 density in cellulose fibre insulation structure increased the thermal conductivity by 4.5–6%. It shows the that, proportion relationship between the density and thermal conductivity for all measured thickness. Same value of regression constant indicates that the thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation structure is not affected by heat flow direction. In the research cellulose fibre insulation structure using additives is environmentally friendly and better option for construction industry for partition panels. Abbreviations CFI- Cellulose Fibre Insulation K-value- Thermal conductivity in (W/m-K) q = Average heat flux (W/m 2 ) ΔT = Temperature difference Declarations Acknowledgement: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or non-profit organization. Authorship Contributions: Author Deepak Padmakar Patil is research scholar and Dr. Jayant Hemchandra Bhangale is supervisor who supervised the research and helped in reviewing and editing this research article. Conflict of interest: The authors declared no potential conflicts if interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process: Artificial intelligence was not used in the preparation of this article. References Pablo Lopez Hurtado ,Antoine Rouilly , Virginie Vandenbossche ,Christine Raynaud, review on the properties of cellulose fibre insulation paper, Building and Environment 96 (2016) 170- 177, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.09.031 Sekino, N. Density dependence in the thermal conductivity of cellulose fiber mats and wood shavings mats: investigation of the apparent thermal conductivity of coarse pores. J Wood Sci 62, 20–26 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-015-1523-6 Sizhao Zhang, Zhouyuan Yang, Xing Huang , Jing Wang , Yunyun Xiao, Junpeng He, Jian Feng , Shixian Xiong and Zhengquan Li, Hydrophobic Cellulose Acetate Aerogels for Thermal Insulation, Gels 2022, 8, 671, MDPI, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118708. Adekoya, M. A., Oluyamo, S. S., Oluwasina, O. O., and Popoola, A. I. (2018). "Structural characterization and solid-state properties of thermal insulating cellulose materials of different size classifications," BioRes. 13(1), 906-917. Carlos Sáenz Ezquerro, Manuel Laspalas, José Manuel García Aznar, Cristina Crespo Miñana, Monitoring interactions through molecular dynamics simulations: effect of calcium carbonate on the mechanical properties of cellulose composites, Cellulose (2023) 30:705–726, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04902-1 Jooley Kurian, Rakesh Kumar Jat, Boby Johns G, Isolation and characterization of Fenugreek Seed Mucilage, A natural mucoadhesive Polymer, International journal of Pharmacy and Analytical Research, (IJPAR), Vol. 13, Issue 3, July Sept 2024, https://doi.org/10.61096/ijpar.v13.iss3.2024.382-388. Lukmanil Hakim Zaini, Axel Solt, Christian Hansmann, Stefan Veigal, Lightweight cellulosic insulation panels made from oil palm trunk fibres, Industrial Crops & products 22 (2024)11, elsevier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119497. T. Vr_ana, K. Gudmundsson, Comparison of fibrous insulations e cellulose and stone wool in terms of moisture properties resulting from condensation and ice formation, Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (2010) 1151e1157, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.026. R. Zaborniak, Prediction of long-term density of cellulose fibre insulation in horizontal spaces of new residential houses, J. Build. Phys. 13 (1989) 21-32, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109719638901300104. Tido Tiwa Stanislas, Josepha Foba Tendo, Ronaldo S. Teixeira, Effect of cellulose pulp fibres on the physical, mechanical, and thermal performance of extruded earth - based materials, Journal of Building Engineering 39 (2021), Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102259. Pragya Gupta, Balwant Singh, Ashish K. Agrawal, Pradip K. Maji, Low density and high strength nanofibrillated cellulose aerogel for thermal insulation application, Jmade (2018), materials and design, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.08.031. Carlos Sáenz Ezquerro, Manuel Laspalas, José Manuel García Aznar, Cristina Crespo Miñana, Monitoring interactions through molecular dynamics simulations: effect of calcium carbonate on the mechanical properties of cellulose composites, Cellulose (2023) 30:705–726, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04902-1. Tido Tiwa Stanislas, Josepha Foba Tendo, Ronaldo S. Teixeira, Effect of cellulose pulp fibres on the physical, mechanical, and thermal performance of extruded earth - based materials, Journal of Building Engineering 39 (2021), Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102259. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9288240","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":618811045,"identity":"7d7847d1-aac0-453a-af8b-16059c3da31a","order_by":0,"name":"Deepak Padmakar Patil","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA50lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAyDCwIKZseFA4gMgk4ePKC0HDCTYmRsPPDYAaWEjTguDBD9788FnEiABglr4bvce/PyhQEKat+1wWuXXHDsZNgbmh49u4NEieedcsgTQYcaSPcfSbstuSwY6jM3YOAePFoMbOQYgLcmGM86k3ZbcxgzUwsMmTUCL8Q+glvr9999/K5bcVk+UFjOQLaBATmP8uO0wYS1Av6RZnIFoSZZm3Hach42ZgF+AIXb4RsUfG3BUfvy5rdoeGNwPH+PTwiDBg2Azg9nM+JSja2H8QUj1KBgFo2AUjEgAACQoTiOq1y/TAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Eklahare, Nashik","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Deepak","middleName":"Padmakar","lastName":"Patil","suffix":""},{"id":618811046,"identity":"00dd884a-2021-4f4e-b293-637102dd611e","order_by":1,"name":"Jayant Hemchandra Bhangale","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Eklahare, Nashik","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jayant","middleName":"Hemchandra","lastName":"Bhangale","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-01 07:39:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288240/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288240/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106499974,"identity":"6cc83cf5-d035-43ca-9c2a-7e3187e75155","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-09 08:58:34","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1306049,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eWooden moulds, Cellulose fibre pulp like cotton flakes, natural drying of sheets\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9288240/v1/23634e08dcee513228dffc14.png"},{"id":106499975,"identity":"bbe50a5a-dac0-44de-a91b-a8952baeb6fa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-09 08:58:34","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":298732,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eHeat flow from downward to upward surface of CFI structure\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9288240/v1/aa09358a163a4a7028b81304.png"},{"id":106499983,"identity":"e8e142c3-01f4-4352-ac3c-d7e854bd0b71","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-09 08:58:42","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":348081,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eHeat flow from upward to downward surface of CFI structure\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9288240/v1/750fe5759abbc7c53ee82aff.png"},{"id":106500017,"identity":"6ed9459b-d8ab-44e4-b173-d4cfd4ecf73c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-09 08:59:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2648055,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9288240/v1/d464f353-2947-4687-b9f9-7240d03cbd13.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Experimental analysis of Cellulose Fibre Insulation considering thermal Conductivity dependence on density using environment friendly additives","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eCellulose fibre insulation prepared from waste newspaper is widely used as thermal and acoustic insulation. But, having some limitations like smouldering, fungal and mold growth on surface of insulation and low compressive strength. Various researcher studied the use of additives in cellulose fibre insulation to overcome these limitations. In the preparation of cellulose fibre insulation boric acid and borax are used to enhance properties like smouldering and fie resistance. Basically, borax prevents the combustion property and boric acid is used to prevent smouldering, fugal and mold growth on surface of cellulose fibre insulation [1]. The work done by Noburo Sekino on finding the relationship between density and thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation. Cellulose fibre insulation mats show direct proportion between thermal conductivity and density. Thermal conductivity increases nearly by 5 % but adding density value by 10 Kg/m3. The formation of heat bridges by cellulose fibre and their close contact points tends to increase thermal conductivity [2]. Silica aerogels enhance the thermal insulation properties of cellulose fibre insulation because of high porosity of silica gels. Sizhao Zhang et.al. concluded that, aerogels can be used in building material for better thermal insulation [3]. The proportion use of Aluminium sulfate and Calcium carbonate in gypsum as a gas producing additives reduced thermal conductivity and also maintained compressive strength [12]. In experimentation of silica gel with various cellulose fibre concentrations, Silica gels having excellent acoustic and thermal insulation properties compared to cellulose aerogels [5]. Jooley Kurian et. al. studied characteristics of fenugreek seed and confirmed that, fenugreek seed mucilage is a natural mucoadhesive polymer and presence of mucoadhesive properties [6]. Lightweight panel made from oil palm trunk shows thermal conductivity of 0.045-0.045 W/m-K with density 50-100 Kg/m3.[7] Silica \u0026ndash; cellulose aerogels developed from recycled cellulose fibres and methoxytrimethylsilane having thermal conductivity 0.04W/m-K and sound absorption coefficient of 0.39-0.50 for 10 mm thickness of insulation.[8] The study of various earth based material was done to find effect of cellulose fibre on Mechanical and thermal performance and thermal conductivity of 0.032 W/m-K was found. [10] High strength and lowdensity cellulose aerogels for the application of thermal insulation was used and found that synthesized aerogel act as a thermal insulator and having thermal conductivity 0.025W/m-K at 1 percent weight of aerogel. [11]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e: Cellulose fibre insulation having low value of thermal conductivity and high heat resistance with acoustic properties. Study focused to find effective R value of the insulation for different densities of the cellulose fibber insulation structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eObjective of the study to prepare environment friendly cellulose fibre insulation structure with low thermal conductivity, high R-Value to resist heat flow and excellent acoustic properties with high compressive strength.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Preparation of cellulose fibre insulation\u003c/strong\u003e: To prepare cellulose fibre insulation from recycled waste newspaper step by step procedure was followed:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u0026nbsp;To prepare cellulose fibre insulation from local newspaper, 30 Kg of waste newspaper was collected from scrap collection centre. Newspaper available from scrap collection centre consists of pamphlet, hand bills, wet newspaper and advertising brochure.\u0026nbsp;This are carefully separated in this process along with\u0026nbsp;stapler pins. Carefully\u0026nbsp;selected\u0026nbsp;waste newspaper was torn\u0026nbsp;in\u0026nbsp;small\u0026nbsp;pieces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u0026nbsp;Soaking of newspaper to prepare cellulose fibre insulation pulp in warm water for 12-24 hrs.: Newspaper after tear in\u0026nbsp;small\u0026nbsp;pieces approximately\u0026nbsp;10-15 mm is soaked in warm\u0026nbsp;water for atleast 12 hrs. to loosen hemicellulose fibres from newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026nbsp;Soaked\u0026nbsp;newspaper into\u0026nbsp;cotton-like\u0026nbsp;flake:\u0026nbsp;To\u0026nbsp;prepare\u0026nbsp;cotton-like\u0026nbsp;flake\u0026nbsp;pulp from\u0026nbsp;soaked\u0026nbsp;paper it is removed from water and excess water is drained using strainer tub. Then, excess water removed paper was crushed and grind using mortar and pestle available in home. After crushing into fine form, it is further crushed using mixer so that cotton-flake like pulp is obtained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026nbsp;Wooden Mould fabrication: To prepare cellulose fibre insulation for calculated density with measured thickness, wooden moulds were manufactured. Moulds having inner dimension of 350*350*50 mm and five holes at the bottom was drilled to remove excess water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026nbsp;To obtain required density for constant volume of insulation structure, wooden tamper is used. Using hand pressing Operation, cellulose structure was prepared. In the process of preparation of cellulose\u0026nbsp;fibre\u0026nbsp;insulation\u0026nbsp;structure, cellulose\u0026nbsp;pulp, binder and\u0026nbsp;additives are\u0026nbsp;taken\u0026nbsp;in\u0026nbsp;percentage\u0026nbsp;by weight. Which is mixed externally on bucket and then to be filled in wooden moulds upto the required thickness e.g 15,20,25,30,35 mm used for experimentation. To match the thickness, the mixture is pressed firmly using tamper shown in above figure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026nbsp;After 10-12 hours, the wet insulation sheet was diligently extracted and placed in sunlight for drying purpose. The rate of drying is dependent on intensity of solar radiation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026nbsp;For the\u0026nbsp;preparation\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;cellulose\u0026nbsp;fibre\u0026nbsp;insulation\u0026nbsp;structure, the\u0026nbsp;dimension\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;insulation\u0026nbsp;forming\u0026nbsp;box is 320*320*50 mm. So, to prepare composite cellulose fibre insulation structure of different densities\u0026nbsp;varies\u0026nbsp;from\u0026nbsp;280Kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e to 360 Kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e volume is kept constant. The Density Calculator uses the formula p=m/V, or density (p) is equal to mass (m) divided by volume (V). Considering, density\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(p)\u0026nbsp;in\u0026nbsp;Kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e, volume\u0026nbsp;(V)\u0026nbsp;in\u0026nbsp;m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e and mass (m) in Kg we will get mass of the insulation in Kg.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026nbsp;To prepare thermal insulation structure consisting of 70% waste paper cellulose fibre, 10% boric acid,\u0026nbsp;2%\u0026nbsp;borax,\u0026nbsp;10%\u0026nbsp;Aluminium\u0026nbsp;Sulfate,\u0026nbsp;2%\u0026nbsp;Calcium\u0026nbsp;Carbonate,\u0026nbsp;2%\u0026nbsp;Silica\u0026nbsp;Gel\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;4%\u0026nbsp;Fenugreek by weight to resist the insulation structure from smouldering, fungal growth, molds growth on insulation considering thermal conductivity. Table shows the percentage by weight of cellulose pulp, additives and binder for the density 280Kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e, mass 0.430 Kg and volume 0.002m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable No. 1 Percentage by weight of additives and binder\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 577px;\"\u003e%\u0026nbsp;by\u0026nbsp;weight (w/w)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e70\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e10\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e10\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e4\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003eCellulose\u003cbr\u003eweight\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003eBoric\u0026nbsp;acid\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003eBorax\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003eAluminium\u003cbr\u003eSulfate\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003eCalcium\u003cbr\u003eCarbonate\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003eSilica\u0026nbsp;Gel\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003eFenugreek\u003cbr\u003ePowder\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e0.301\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e0.043\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e0.009\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e0.043\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e0.009\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e0.009\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e0.017\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;Experimental\u0026nbsp;method\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo measure thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation heat flow meter method was used. For the lower surface, heating coil is placed which supplies heat to the composite insulation structure and measure by using voltmeter and ammeter. Total eight thermocouples measure the value at different direction, as test sample is considered as an-isotropic in nature. Heat flows in upward direction and also eight temperature sensors placed at upper surface of the specimen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.1\u0026nbsp;Measurement\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;k-Value\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe heat flow meter method ASTM C518 was used to perform experimentation. The cellulose fibre insulation structure was covered with heat flow meter from top and bottom side of the structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCellulose\u0026nbsp;fibre\u0026nbsp;insulation\u0026nbsp;structure\u0026nbsp;then placed\u0026nbsp;between the\u0026nbsp;plates with heat flow meters. Total\u0026nbsp;25 structure\u0026nbsp;between\u0026nbsp;density\u0026nbsp;280-360\u0026nbsp;Kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e having thickness 15 mm to 35 mm was tested on test set up. The readings were taken to calculate thermal conductivity using voltmeter, ammeter, heat supplied and temperature readings at surface of the cellulose fibre insulation structure. Eight thermocouples were placed on the upper surface of the insulation considering material is an- isotropic. Time required to achieve steady state for the system was between 6-8 hrs. depending on the thickness of the insulation. All the 25 structures were measured for the temperature range of 50\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003eC for the bottom surface temperature of the insulation and heat flow was controlled using dimmer. Experimentation system was placed in closed glass structure to reduce the effect of convective heat transfer. The K-value of the test sample measured using Fourier\u0026rsquo;s law of heat conduction equation:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eK = qav \u0026times; dx/\u0026Delta;T [W/m-K],................. (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere, qav is the average heat flux (W/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) for upper surface of the insulation structure, dx is the thickness of the insulation structure (Range 15-35 mm), and \u0026Delta;T is the temperature difference between lower and upper surface of the insulation structure.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u0026nbsp;dependence\u0026nbsp;in\u0026nbsp;K-Values\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFig. 2 and 3 shows the relationship between cellulose fibre insulation density and thermal conductivity. The\u0026nbsp;graphs from\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;data plotted\u0026nbsp;for heat transfer from\u0026nbsp;bottom\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;top and\u0026nbsp;vice versa for same operating temperatures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFig. 2\u0026nbsp;Heat\u0026nbsp;flow\u0026nbsp;from\u0026nbsp;downward\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;upward\u0026nbsp;surface\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;CFI\u0026nbsp;structure\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere\u0026apos;s the plot showing the regression lines for thermal conductivity as\u0026nbsp;a function of CFI density for different material thicknesses (15 mm to 35 mm).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFig. 3 Heat\u0026nbsp;flow\u0026nbsp;from\u0026nbsp;upward\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;downward\u0026nbsp;surface\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;CFI\u0026nbsp;structure\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach line\u0026nbsp;corresponds to a different thickness, and the equation of the\u0026nbsp;regression line is shown in the legend. Regression equation 2 and 3 calculated for heat flow from downward to upward and upward to downward direction surface of CFI structure respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ey\u0026nbsp;=\u0026nbsp;0.00940\u0026nbsp;+\u0026nbsp;0.00009\u0026nbsp;*\u0026nbsp;x\u0026hellip;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;(2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ey\u0026nbsp;=\u0026nbsp;0.01020\u0026nbsp;+\u0026nbsp;0.000086\u0026nbsp;*\u0026nbsp;x............\u0026nbsp;(3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ey\u0026nbsp;=\u0026nbsp;Thermal\u0026nbsp;Conductivity\u0026nbsp;(W/m\u0026middot;K) x = Density of CFI (kg/m\u0026sup3;)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSo, across all thicknesses, thermal conductivity increases by approximately 18\u0026ndash;22% as density increases\u0026nbsp;from\u0026nbsp;280\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;360\u0026nbsp;kg/m\u0026sup3;. the\u0026nbsp;thermal\u0026nbsp;conductivity\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;cellulose\u0026nbsp;fibre\u0026nbsp;insulation\u0026nbsp;structure was found to increase by approximately 4.5% to 6% with every 20 kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e increase in structure density. From equation 2 and 3 it was found that, no significance effect on thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation considering direction of heat flow over structure.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eFrom the present work, effect of the density on thermal conductivity was evaluated for thickness of the structure 15\u0026ndash;35 mm and density from 280\u0026ndash;360 Kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e. Along with the effect of heat flow on cellulose fibre insulation structure from upward to downward direction and vice versa. The thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation structure for variable thickness and density was in the range of 0.032 W/m-K to 0.044 W/m-K which was less than rockwool and oil palm trunk\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efibres insulation. The effect of adding bridge of 20 Kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e density in cellulose fibre insulation structure increased the thermal conductivity by 4.5\u0026ndash;6%. It shows the that, proportion relationship between the density and thermal conductivity for all measured thickness. Same value of regression constant indicates that the thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation structure is not affected by heat flow direction. In the research cellulose fibre insulation structure using additives is environmentally friendly and better option for construction industry for partition panels.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eCFI-\u0026nbsp;Cellulose\u0026nbsp;Fibre Insulation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eK-value- Thermal conductivity in (W/m-K)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eq = Average heat flux (W/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;T = Temperature difference\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the\u0026nbsp;public,\u0026nbsp;commercial, or non-profit organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthorship\u0026nbsp;Contributions:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor Deepak Padmakar Patil is research scholar and Dr. Jayant Hemchandra Bhangale is supervisor who supervised the research and helped in reviewing and editing this research article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConflict of\u0026nbsp;interest:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u0026nbsp;authors\u0026nbsp;declared\u0026nbsp;no\u0026nbsp;potential\u0026nbsp;conflicts\u0026nbsp;if\u0026nbsp;interest\u0026nbsp;with\u0026nbsp;respect\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDeclaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eArtificial intelligence was not used in the preparation of this article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePablo Lopez Hurtado ,Antoine Rouilly , Virginie Vandenbossche ,Christine Raynaud, review on the properties of cellulose fibre insulation paper, Building and Environment 96 (2016) 170- 177, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.09.031\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSekino, N. Density dependence in the thermal conductivity of cellulose fiber mats and wood shavings mats: investigation of the apparent thermal conductivity of coarse pores. J Wood Sci 62, 20\u0026ndash;26 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-015-1523-6\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSizhao Zhang, Zhouyuan Yang, Xing Huang , Jing Wang , Yunyun Xiao, Junpeng He, Jian Feng , Shixian Xiong and Zhengquan Li, Hydrophobic Cellulose Acetate Aerogels for Thermal Insulation, Gels 2022, 8, 671, MDPI, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118708.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdekoya, M. A., Oluyamo, S. S., Oluwasina, O. O., and Popoola, A. I. (2018). \u0026quot;Structural characterization and solid-state properties of thermal insulating cellulose materials of different size classifications,\u0026quot; BioRes. 13(1), 906-917.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarlos S\u0026aacute;enz Ezquerro, Manuel Laspalas, Jos\u0026eacute; Manuel Garc\u0026iacute;a Aznar, Cristina Crespo Mi\u0026ntilde;ana, Monitoring interactions through molecular dynamics simulations: effect of calcium carbonate on the mechanical properties of cellulose composites, Cellulose (2023) 30:705\u0026ndash;726, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04902-1\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJooley Kurian, Rakesh Kumar Jat, Boby Johns G, Isolation and characterization of Fenugreek Seed Mucilage, A natural mucoadhesive Polymer, International journal of Pharmacy and Analytical Research, (IJPAR), Vol. 13, Issue 3, July Sept 2024, https://doi.org/10.61096/ijpar.v13.iss3.2024.382-388.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLukmanil Hakim Zaini, Axel Solt, Christian Hansmann, Stefan Veigal, Lightweight cellulosic insulation panels made from oil palm trunk fibres, Industrial Crops \u0026amp; products 22 (2024)11, elsevier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119497.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eT. Vr_ana, K. Gudmundsson, Comparison of fibrous insulations e cellulose and stone wool in terms of moisture properties resulting from condensation and ice formation, Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (2010) 1151e1157, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.026.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eR. Zaborniak, Prediction of long-term density of cellulose fibre insulation in horizontal spaces of new residential houses, J. Build. Phys. 13 (1989) 21-32, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109719638901300104.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTido Tiwa Stanislas, Josepha Foba Tendo, Ronaldo S. Teixeira, Effect of cellulose pulp fibres on the physical, mechanical, and thermal performance of extruded earth - based materials, Journal of Building Engineering 39 (2021), Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102259.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePragya Gupta, Balwant Singh, Ashish K. Agrawal, Pradip K. Maji, Low density and high strength nanofibrillated cellulose aerogel for thermal insulation application, Jmade (2018), materials and design, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.08.031.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarlos S\u0026aacute;enz Ezquerro, Manuel Laspalas, Jos\u0026eacute; Manuel Garc\u0026iacute;a Aznar, Cristina Crespo Mi\u0026ntilde;ana, Monitoring interactions through molecular dynamics simulations: effect of calcium carbonate on the mechanical properties of cellulose composites, Cellulose (2023) 30:705\u0026ndash;726, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04902-1.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTido Tiwa Stanislas, Josepha Foba Tendo, Ronaldo S. Teixeira, Effect of cellulose pulp fibres on the physical, mechanical, and thermal performance of extruded earth - based materials, Journal of Building Engineering 39 (2021), Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102259.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cellulose fibre insulation, thermal conductivity, additives, density, recycled news paper","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288240/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288240/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCellulose fibre insulation made up of recycled newspaper is used as thermal and acoustic insulation considered as environmentally friendly. Cellulose fibre insulation is sound absorber material and having excellent thermal resistance properties, biodegrability and low thermal conductivity compared to most of synthetic materials. The study was focused, to prepare environmentally friendly cellulose fibre insulation from waste newspaper from local market using environment friendly additives like borax, boric acid, aluminium sulfate, silica gel and calcium carbonate. To combine all these additives by weight with cellulose fibre pulp, binder was used. In conventional methods for preparation of cellulose fibre insulation, adhesive substances like glue, potato starch is used. In the preparation process of cellulose fibre insulation, fenugreek powder was used as a binder because it has excellent mucoadhesive properties. The mixture of cellulose fibre pulp, additives and binder were carefully selected by percentage of weight. To analyse effect of density on thermal conductivity, cellulose fibre insulation structure was prepared varying thickness from 15mm to 35mm and density range from 280–360 Kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e. Thermal conductivity of the cellulose fibre insulation was found in the range of 0.032 W/m-K to 0.044 W/m-K using heat flow meter method. In the experimentation, thermal conductivity and density was considered as measuring parameters. Where, density was considered as independent parameter and thermal conductivity considered as dependent parameter. Using linear regression analysis two equations were obtained for heat flow directions and results obtained showed, there was no significant effect of heat flow direction on thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre insulation.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Experimental analysis of Cellulose Fibre Insulation considering thermal Conductivity dependence on density using environment friendly additives","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-09 08:56:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288240/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ca3e03e8-9202-4531-8f33-cc2325a4b926","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 9th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-01T19:43:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-01T19:53:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-09 08:56:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9288240","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9288240","identity":"rs-9288240","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}