Green synthesis and comprehensive physicochemical characterization of rosewood oil-based nanoemulsions with evaluation of their therapeutic efficacy

Green synthesis and comprehensive physicochemical characterization of rosewood oil-based nanoemulsions with evaluation of their therapeutic efficacy | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Green synthesis and comprehensive physicochemical characterization of rosewood oil-based nanoemulsions with evaluation of their therapeutic efficacy Seçil Bozkurt, Sibel Kaymak, Nilüfer Vural This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8041102/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Nowadays, nanoemulsions have garnered significant attention as efficient carriers for the targeted delivery of bioactive compounds, enhancing their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This study focused on the synthesis and characterization of two distinct nanoemulsions: one comprising rosewood oil and grape seed oil (N1), and the other containing rosewood oil and rose essential oil (N2). Both formulations were successfully prepared via ultrasonic emulsification. The average droplet sizes were determined as 378 ± 0.2 nm for N1 and 216 ± 0.8 nm for N2. Thermal stability assessments confirmed the robustness of both nanoemulsions, which appeared as opaque white liquids with pH values of 4.76 and 4.98 for N1 and N2, respectively. Chemical analysis revealed linalool as the predominant volatile component in rosewood oil, comprising 85.12% of its composition. In vitro evaluations demonstrated that both nanoemulsions exhibited superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities compared to their individual oil components, with the N1 formulation showing a marked therapeutic advantage. These findings suggest the potential application of such nanoemulsions in therapeutic and cosmeceutical fields. Rosewood oil nanoemulsion antioxidant linalool Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8041102","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":541438159,"identity":"d3d41fb5-d36a-4da9-8949-8c3485d91147","order_by":0,"name":"Seçil Bozkurt","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Seçil","middleName":"","lastName":"Bozkurt","suffix":""},{"id":541438160,"identity":"bb8287f8-7ad5-4ec7-ac57-e819452cb5a0","order_by":1,"name":"Sibel Kaymak","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt 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efficacy\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Rosewood oil, nanoemulsion, antioxidant, linalool","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8041102/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8041102/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eNowadays, nanoemulsions have garnered significant attention as efficient carriers for the targeted delivery of bioactive compounds, enhancing their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This study focused on the synthesis and characterization of two distinct nanoemulsions: one comprising rosewood oil and grape seed oil (N1), and the other containing rosewood oil and rose essential oil (N2). Both formulations were successfully prepared via ultrasonic emulsification. The average droplet sizes were determined as 378\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2 nm for N1 and 216\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8 nm for N2. Thermal stability assessments confirmed the robustness of both nanoemulsions, which appeared as opaque white liquids with pH values of 4.76 and 4.98 for N1 and N2, respectively. Chemical analysis revealed linalool as the predominant volatile component in rosewood oil, comprising 85.12% of its composition. In vitro evaluations demonstrated that both nanoemulsions exhibited superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities compared to their individual oil components, with the N1 formulation showing a marked therapeutic advantage. These findings suggest the potential application of such nanoemulsions in therapeutic and cosmeceutical fields.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Green synthesis and comprehensive physicochemical characterization of rosewood oil-based nanoemulsions with evaluation of their therapeutic efficacy","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-02 13:57:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8041102/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ee678e67-8912-432a-bf7f-fac7cf3b58df","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 2nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-11T17:54:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-02 13:57:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8041102","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8041102","identity":"rs-8041102","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}