The Double-Edged Power of Mentors Power: Daily Fluctuations in Mentors’ Power Affects Mentees’ Experiences of HARM and Allyship

The Double-Edged Power of Mentors Power: Daily Fluctuations in Mentors’ Power Affects Mentees’ Experiences of HARM and Allyship | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Double-Edged Power of Mentors Power: Daily Fluctuations in Mentors’ Power Affects Mentees’ Experiences of HARM and Allyship Margaret S. Stockdale, Amanda E. Mosier, Wei Wu, Ann C. Kimble-Hill This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8642999/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Power asymmetries embedded in gendered and racialized social systems shape everyday interpersonal mistreatment in workplaces and academic training settings. How powerful states impact both positive and negative experiences for others in real time and place has not been rigorously examined. Advancing power-approach (Keltner et al., 2003 ) and power-amplification (Guinote, 2017 ) theories, we develop and test a dual-activation perspective that mentors’ daily felt power simultaneously energizes their self-focused (“sexy-powerful”) and responsibility-focused (communal) and morally licensing affective states that, in turn, shape mentees’ daily experiences of sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility (labeled HARM) and allyship experiences.. In Study 1 (N = 100 working adults), we validated a brief state measure of power activation and found that power was simultaneously associated with sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings, which showed opposing indirect links to sexual-harassment intentions. In Study 2, we conducted a 10-day dyadic experience-sampling study of 202 pairs of NIH-funded academic mentors and their mentee. Multilevel structural equation models indicated that mentors’ daily power activation increased sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings, and moral crediting. Contrary to predictions, sexy-powerful feelings predicted lower HARM, whereas communal feelings and moral crediting predicted higher incivility; moral crediting also predicted higher allyship. Several effects were stronger for women mentors and varied with the lab’s gender composition and tolerance for HARM. Results highlight how power operates in real time, suggesting mechanism-targeted interventions that pair allyship promotion with accountability. power sexual harassment racial mistreatment incivility allyship experience sampling methodology Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Introduction Sexual harassment, racial harassment, microaggressions, and incivility are not anomalous breakdowns of professional conduct; rather, they are predictable manifestations of power asymmetries embedded within gendered and racialized social systems. Feminist scholars have long argued that sexual harassment, in particular, is fundamentally an abuse of power rather than an expression of sexual desire (Acker, 1999, 2006; MacKinnon, 1979, 1987). From this perspective, harassment, microaggressions, and selective incivility function as mechanisms of social control—reinforcing gender hierarchies, policing status boundaries, and preserving patriarchal privilege in workplaces and educational institutions. These abuses thus emerge not simply from individual dispositions but from structural arrangements that normalize inequality and confer impunity on those at the top of social hierarchies (Cortina et al., 2013; Fitzgerald et al., 1997). Much of this work has relied on macro-level frameworks, such as white supremacist patriarchy, to explain how systems of power shape gendered and racialized harm (hooks, 2000). In contrast, we examine how these structural forces are enacted in situ through leaders’ daily, intraindividual experiences of power. Specifically, we investigate how momentary power activation shapes both harmful and protective behaviors toward subordinates, linking sociological accounts of domination to psychological processes unfolding in everyday interactions. HARM A substantial body of research demonstrates that gendered and racialized power relations give rise to multiple, overlapping forms of interpersonal mistreatment in workplaces and academic settings, including sexual harassment, racial harassment, racial microaggressions, and selective incivility. Sexual harassment—defined as behavior that derogates, demeans, or humiliates an individual based on sex (Berdahl, 2007; see also EEOC, 1997; Fitzgerald et al., 1995)—occurs at higher rates among women than men, with women of color experiencing especially high levels of racialized sexual harassment (Buchanan & Fitzgerald, 2008; Buchanan, Settles & Hall et al., 2018; Cortina, 2001; U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board [MSPB], 2022). Racial and ethnic minority employees and students also experience higher rates of racial microaggressions (Sue et al., 2007) and selective incivility – subtle, routine disrespect disproportionately directed at marginalized groups that functions as a covert form of discrimination (Cortina et al., 2013; Spanierman et al., 2020). These experiences are associated with significant psychological, physical, and professional consequences, including anxiety, depression, burnout, diminished organizational commitment, academic disengagement, and career withdrawal (Chan et al., 2008; Cortina et al., 2013; Lui & Quezada, 2019; Raver & Nishii, 2010; Willness et al., 2007). Mistreatment also affects those who are not direct targets: observing harassment or incivility undermines perceptions of safety, fairness, and belonging, signaling that power is exercised arbitrarily and unjustly (Chrobot-Mason et al., 2013; Glomb et al., 1997). Conversely, allyship behaviors by those in authority—protecting, advocating for, and amplifying marginalized voices—promote psychological safety and engagement and may buffer the effects of discrimination for both beneficiaries and observers (Bjerkestrand et al., 2026). From an intersectional perspective, categorical distinctions among forms of mistreatment are often artificial for targets. Women of color may experience racial microaggressions that are sexualized (e.g., sexual objectification of a Black person’s body; Eshelman et al., 2023), sexual harassment that is racialized (e.g., displaying sexualized ethnic cartoons and drawings; Buchanan et al., 2018), and incivility that signals both gendered and racial exclusion (e.g., silencing minority voices; Cortina et al., 2013). Treating sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility as separate outcomes risks obscuring their shared etiology and underestimating the cumulative burden of interpersonal harm faced by marginalized individuals (Cortina et al., 2013; Hershcovis & Reich, 2013; Lim & Cortina, 2005). Accordingly, we adopt an integrative construct – HARM (Harassment and Racial Mistreatment), broadened to include selective incivility – to capture a coherent domain of power-infused mistreatment unified by its function: enforcing status boundaries and reproducing gendered and racialized hierarchies. Academic Mentoring as a Gendered Power Relationship Academic and research training environments provide a particularly consequential context for examining these dynamics. Mentorship relationships are inherently hierarchical: mentors control access to funding, authorship, professional networks, and career advancement (Committee on the Impacts of Sexual Harassment in Academia, 2018). These asymmetries are magnified in science, technology, engineering, math and medicine (STEMM) fields, where women and scholars from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups remain numerically scarce and culturally marginalized (Aycock et al., 2019; Clancy et al., 2017; Moss & Mahmoudi, 2021). Such conditions heighten vulnerability to HARM and reduce the likelihood that targets will report mistreatment or be believed. At the same time, academic mentors are often idealized as benevolent caregivers and celebrated as high-status “stars,” creating a paradox in which individuals viewed as exemplary leaders may wield extraordinary, relatively unchecked power over trainees (Aguinis et al., 2018; Lechuga, 2011). Drawing on this context, we conceptualize power as an amplifier of salient motives that catalyzes both harmful and protective behavior. We propose three psychological mechanisms—sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings, and moral crediting—through which mentors’ daily power activation shapes mentees’ experiences, along with identity-based and contextual moderators. Using a dyadic experience-sampling design preceded by a psychometric pilot study, we examine in real time how mentors’ daily experiences of power shape mentees’ experiences of HARM and allyship in academic training environments. Figure 1 provides a conceptual framework for our studies. Power as a Psychological Amplifier Power has long been recognized as a psychological catalyst that can corrupt judgment and behavior. Kipnis’s (1972; Kipnis et al., 1976) theory of the metamorphic effects of power argues that power inflates self-importance and erodes regard for others, fostering coercive and exploitative behavior. Extending this view, Keltner et al.’s (2003) Approach–Inhibition Theory of power posits that power activates the Behavioral Activation System (BAS; Gray, 1990), increasing sensitivity to rewards, risk-taking, and disinhibition. Powerholders thus become more approach-oriented, pursuing self-serving goals with reduced social constraint – a pattern linked to unethical behavior, abusive supervision, and incivility (Cheng et al., 2020; Foulk et al., 2018; Zhang & Wei, 2024). Social distance theory (Lammers et al., 2012; Magee & Smith, 2013) further suggests that power attenuates empathy and perspective taking, enabling objectification and interpersonal disregard. Importantly, these processes unfold within gendered and racialized systems that shape whose power is legitimized and whose harm is minimized – conditions that can magnify the consequences of power for women and other marginalized groups. Sexy-Powerful Feelings as a Corruptive Pathway to HARM Experimental research demonstrates that power increases sexual goal activation and attraction, heightens reward sensitivity for norm-violating or sexualized stimuli, and strengthens approach-oriented impulses (Galinsky et al., 2003; Gruenfeld et al., 2008; Lammers & Maner, 2016). Power also heightens perceptions of one’s own desirability and reduces inhibition toward pursuing sexualized or dominance-oriented behavior (Kunstman & Maner, 2011; Smith & Bargh, 2008; Xiao et al., 2019). We describe this affective fusion as sexy-powerful feelings – a psychological state in which approach motivation and sexual arousal co-occur. In hierarchical relationships, sexy-powerful feelings may distort leaders’ perceptions of subordinates, prompting sexualized interpretations of neutral interactions and behaviors that cross professional boundaries. In mentoring and supervisory contexts, where dependence and power asymmetry are pronounced, power activation may therefore heighten self-focused attention, objectification, and disinhibition. These dynamics, in turn, increase the likelihood of harassment, racialized microaggressions, and incivility, i.e., HARM. Thus, consistent with classic theories of power’s corruptive effects, we hypothesize that leaders’ daily activation of power fosters mentees’ experiences of HARM via sexy-powerful feelings. Hypothesis 1: Mentors’ daily activation of power increases mentees’ experiences and observations of harassment, racial mistreatment, incivility, and total HARM, mediated by mentors’ sexy–powerful feelings. Power as Amplifying Both Egocentric and Communal Motives Although classic perspectives emphasize corruption, contemporary views highlight power’s paradoxical effects. Guinote’s theory of power as activating, wanting, and goal seeking reframes power as a psychological amplifier (Guinote, 2017). Power energizes approach motivation, increasing persistence and decisiveness; critically, it amplifies the active self rather than a single motive. Thus, multiple motives—both egocentric and communal—may be activated simultaneously. Mentors may, in the same day, experience impulses toward exploitation alongside heightened responsibility for stewardship. This dual activation helps explain why power can produce both harmful and prosocial outcomes in close temporal proximity. When prosocial goals like mentoring support are salient, power can direct approach motivation toward responsibility, fairness, and protection (Chen et al., 2001). Mentors who construe power as responsibility are more likely to protect subordinates from incivility (Hershcovis et al., 2017), distribute resources fairly (Scholl et al., 2018, 2022), and foster cooperative climates (Tost & Johnson, 2019). Côté et al. (2011) found that power increases empathic accuracy among individuals with prosocial orientations, suggesting that power can sharpen—rather than dull—interpersonal attunement under specific motivational conditions. Inclusive leadership has also been linked to belongingness and psychological safety (Li & Tang, 2022; Randel et al., 2018). Allyship behaviors, including advocacy, sponsorship, and amplifying marginalized voices, can be understood as concrete enactments of responsibility-focused power (Kossek et al., 2024). Consistent with communal orientation theory, social roles emphasizing care and interdependence strengthen prosocial motivation and align with prescriptive expectations that mentors will nurture and protect mentees (Diekman et al., 2010, 2011). Accordingly, we expect mentors’ daily power activation to reduce HARM and increase allyship through communal feelings. Hypothesis 2: Mentors’ daily activation of power decreases mentees’ experiences and observations of harassment, racial mistreatment, incivility, and total HARM, mediated by mentors’ communal feelings. Hypothesis 3: Mentors’ daily activation of power increases mentees’ experiences of allyship, mediated by mentors’ communal feelings. Moral Licensing and Moral Crediting as a Paradoxical Pathway The simultaneous activation of egocentric and communal motives creates space for paradoxical outcomes. Moral licensing theory holds that when individuals (or those around them) view themselves as moral, caring, or responsible, they may feel entitled to subsequently engage in misconduct without threatening their self-image (Lin et al., 2016; Miller & Effron, 2010). In other words, responsibility-focused power may not only inspire benevolence but also license harm. Lin et al. (2016) theorized and operationalized moral licensing in leadership contexts via the notion of moral credits—the belief that prior ethical or responsible behavior accrues a “credit” that can later be spent, implicitly or explicitly, to justify transgressions. Consistent with this logic, Stockdale, Dinh, and colleagues demonstrated that priming responsibility-focused power increased communal feelings but also heightened moral crediting beliefs, which in turn predicted intentions to engage in transgressive conduct, including intentions to sexually harass (Dinh et al., 2022; Stockdale et al., 2019). Other work similarly suggests that prior prosocial activity (e.g., corporate social responsibility) can license workplace deviance (Loi et al., 2020), and that ethical or responsible leadership may create conditions under which leaders feel (or are granted) latitude to engage in abusive supervision (Wang & Chan, 2019). In mentoring contexts, moral licensing may be especially pernicious because mentoring is normatively framed as benevolent; prior acts of support can therefore provide both psychological and reputational cover that reduces scrutiny and facilitates mistreatment. Accordingly, we hypothesize that mentors’ daily power activation increases mentees’ experiences of HARM via moral crediting beliefs.. Hypothesis 4: Mentors’ daily activation of power increases followers’ experiences and observations of harassment, racial mistreatment, incivility, and total HARM, mediated by mentors’ moral crediting beliefs. Boundary Conditions Although power can activate egocentric, communal, and moral licensing motives, the extent to which each pathway dominates depends on who holds the power, who the target is, and the surrounding social context. We propose that identity-based and contextual moderators shape (a) the extent to which mentors’ power activation triggers sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings, or moral crediting and (b) the extent to which power activation translates into mentees’ experiences of HARM and allyship (hereinafter hypotheses regarding HARM include separate analyses on the components of HARM). When power is enacted across minoritized contexts for mentees, by culturally advantaged mentors, or in climates that normalize mistreatment, power activation should more strongly elicit sexualized construals (Kunstman & Maner, 2011), motivation to care (Overbeck & Park, 2006), and moral crediting (Lin et al., 2016). We also leave open the possibility of conditional direct effects, reflecting mediators beyond those specified here. Mentee Identity Moderators A robust body of research indicates that marginalized groups are disproportionately vulnerable to HARM. Women experience sexual harassment at higher rates than men in workplace and academic contexts (Committee on the Impacts, 2018; Street et al., 2007; MSPB, 2022), and Black, Latinx, and Asian women are especially likely to encounter racialized harassment (Buchanan et al., 2018; Buchanan & Ormerod, 2002; Cortina, 2001). Racial minorities also face heightened exposure to microaggressions (Spanierman et al., 2020), and identity-neutral mistreatment such as incivility is disproportionately directed toward marginalized groups through selective incivility (Cortina et al., 2013). When leaders feel powerful in a self-focused way (e.g., through sexy-powerful feelings), they may increase their psychological distance and decrease empathic concern toward followers (Lammers et al., 2012; Magee & Smith, 2013). Power-approach theory further suggests that activated power disinhibits internal states, making their behavioral expressions more potent for marginalized mentees (Gruenfeld et al., 2008). Social role theory and research on benevolent sexism indicate that the expression of communion among powerful individuals is contingent on target gender, particularly in hierarchical, male-typed domains such as academic research (Diekman & Clark, 2012; Eagly & Wood, 2012; Shnabel et al., 2016). Accordingly, we propose that the effects of mentors’ power activation on communal feelings are moderated by mentee gender, such that power-activated communion may be more readily directed toward women mentees, and potentially racial minorities who also occupy subordinated identities in the eyes of powerholders which activate their benevolent, communal feelings. There is less theoretical and empirical guidance on target gender or minority race status as moderators of the effects of power on moral licensing or moral crediting beliefs. On the one hand, moral licensing permits prejudicial judgments based on race, (Effron et al., 2009), but no such bias based on gender (Giurge et al., 2021). Together, these perspectives imply stronger effects of mentors’ power activation on the psychological states that mobilize both HARM and prosocial behaviors (e.g., allyship) toward women and underrepresented minorities, particularly for sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings. We explore whether mentee gender and underrepresented minority status moderates the effect of moral crediting and its downstream consequences for HARM and allyship. Hypothesis 5: Mentee gender moderates the effects of mentors’ power activation on their (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting, which in turn impact mentees’ (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences, such that effects are stronger for women than men. Hypothesis 6: Mentees’ racial minority status moderates the effects of mentors’ power activation on their (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting, which in turn impact mentees’ (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences, such that effects are stronger for underrepresented minority mentees than for others. Mentor Identity Moderators Mentors’ social identities also condition how power is experienced and expressed. Men are more likely than women to engage in sexual harassment (U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, 2022) and may face fewer social penalties for self-assertive behavior (Brescoll, 2011; Okimoto & Brescoll, 2010). In contrast, women and racial-minority mentors often face greater backlash for dominance (Livingston et al., 2012; Rosette et al., 2008), which may temper egocentric impulses and strengthen communal motives. Accordingly, male and majority-race mentors should exhibit stronger activation of sexy-powerful feelings and stronger direct effects on HARM. Conversely social identity theory suggests that women face stronger role-based expectations to enact care, responsibility, and relational maintenance (Eagly & Wood, 2012) which may be amplified when they feel powerful (Guinote, 2017). These pressures may also be stronger for minority race mentors who may face less opposition to engaging in communal behaviors than more agentic, sexy-powerful behaviors. The extant research on moral licensing effects shows no gender or race or actor differences in susceptibility to moral licensing (Blanken et al., 2015; Effron et al, 2009; Monin & Miller, 2001). Together, this research supports hypotheses that mentor gender and mentor underrepresented minority status moderates the effects of power activation on sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings, which affect downstream consequences on mentees’ HARM and allyship experiences. We explore whether mentor gender and underrepresented minority status moderates the effect of mentors’ power activation on moral crediting beliefs and its downstream consequences. Hypothesis 7 : Mentor gender moderates the effects of mentors’ power activation on (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting beliefs which in turn positively predicts mentees’ (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences, such that effects for sexy-powerful feelings are stronger for male mentors than female mentors; the effects for communal feelings are stronger for female mentors than male mentors; and the effects for moral crediting may or may not be affected by mentor gender. Hypothesis 8: Mentor racial minority status moderates the effects of mentors’ power activation on (a) sexy-powerful, (b) communal feelings and (c) moral crediting beliefs feelings which in turn predicts mentees’ (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences, such that effects for sexy-powerful feelings are stronger for well-represented mentors than underrepresented minority mentors; the effects for communal feelings are stronger for underrepresented minority mentors than well-represented mentors; and the effects for moral crediting may or may not be affected by mentor underrepresented minority status. Contextual Moderators Relational demography theory suggests that group composition shapes identity salience and vulnerability (Tsui & O’Reilly, 1989; Riordan, 2000). In male-dominated environments, women experience heightened exposure to sexual harassment due to numerical scarcity, increased visibility, and masculine norms that marginalize or sexualize them (Fitzgerald et al., 1999; Gutek, 1985; Ragins & Scandura, 1995). Racial minorities who are tokens or “the only” experience greater microaggressions and scrutiny (Solórzano et al., 2000), and selective incivility (Cortina et al., 2013) may intensify in contexts where individuals are numerically isolated. These contexts may therefore heighten the downstream consequences of mentors’ activated power states. Hypothesis 9: The extent to which mentees are gender minorities in their lab moderates the effects of the mentors’ power activation on (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting beliefs, which in turn impacts mentees’ (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences such that the effects are stronger when mentees are numerically minoritized based on gender in their research training (e.g., lab) setting Hypothesis 10: The extent to which mentees are racial minorities in their lab moderates the effects of mentors’ power activation on (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting beliefs, which in turn impacts mentees’ (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences such that the effects are stronger when they are numerically minoritized based on race in their research training (e.g., lab) setting. Finally, climate matters. Organizational tolerance for sexual harassment (OTSH; Hulin et al., 1996) is a strong predictor of harassment experiences (Willness et al., 2007) because it signals that powerful perpetrators will not be punished, and targets will not be believed. Extending this logic, we propose that shared perceptions that harassment, racial mistreatment and incivility are tolerated – collectively labeled lab tolerance for HARM (LTH) – will condition the effects of mentors’ power activation on HARM and allyship. Hypothesis 11: Lab tolerance for HARM exacerbates (or buffers) the effects of mentors’ power activation (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting, which in turn impact mentees’ (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences. Summary and the Present Research Classic and contemporary theories converge on the view that power is neither uniformly corrupting nor uniformly benevolent but functions as a psychological amplifier of salient motives. Foundational perspectives—including Kipnis’s metamorphic effects of power, power–approach theory (Keltner et al., 2003), and social distance theory (Lammers et al., 2012; Magee & Smith, 2013)—demonstrate that power increases self-focus, reduces empathy, and facilitates exploitative behavior. In contrast, goal-amplifier and communal orientation theories (Diekman et al., 2010, 2011; Guinote, 2017) suggest that power can heighten responsibility motives, energizing care and fairness when prosocial goals are salient. Integrating these traditions with moral licensing theory (Miller & Effron, 2010), our framework proposes that responsibility-focused power may paradoxically enable misconduct when prior benevolence provides moral “credit,” a dynamic with particular implications for women and other structurally marginalized individuals. We examine academic research mentorship as a theoretically consequential context for studying these processes because of the hierarchical and career-relevant nature of their interactions. Using a 10-day dyadic experience-sampling method (ESM), supplemented by a pilot study validating daily measures of power activation, HARM, and allyship, we examine how mentors’ daily psychological feelings of power shape mentees’ lived experiences of HARM and allyship in real time. Study 1 Research on ephemeral power states typically uses priming methods to induce feelings of power (Bargh et al., 1995; S. Chen et al., 2001; Galinsky et al., 2003). More recent work by Stockdale and colleagues asked participants to imagine a day when they felt powerful in either a self-focused or responsibility-focused manner (or no-power control) to examine effects on sexual-harassment intentions (Dinh et al., 2022; Stockdale et al., 2019). These studies show that sexy-powerful feelings mediate the effects of self-focused power (Stockdale et al., 2019), whereas communal feelings and moral crediting mediate the effects of responsibility-focused power (Dinh et al., 2022) on harassment intentions. To assess naturally occurring (not-primed) power-activation states, we first developed a brief measure that asks participants to rate the extent to which they feel powerful in a self-focused or responsibility-focused way on the day of the survey, and we assessed the scale’s psychometric properties including its reliability and its construct validity in relation to individual-difference variables associated with power, including Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy; Paulhus & Williams, 2002), dominance (Wiggins et al., 1988), positive affect (Watson et al., 1988), and sexy-powerful and communal feelings (Stockdale et al., 2019). This design also enabled preliminary hypothesis testing examining whether daily self-focused and responsibility-focused power predict sexual-harassment intentions via sexy-powerful and communal feelings, respectively. Method Participants One hundred and one adult participants who were currently working at least part-time were recruited from Amazon’s MTurk through CloudResearch’s Mturk toolkit platform in the fall of 2021. One participant was eliminated for providing a nonsensical response to a question about the nature of the study (48% men; 51% women; 9% Hispanic, 83.7% nonHispanic White, 10.5% nonHispanic Asian, 4.7% nonHispanic Black, 5% more than one race. The average age was 39.8 years (SD = 11.16). Most participants’ highest level of education was a bachelor’s degree (46%); and most were employed for pay full time (88%). Measures and Procedure Daily power activation was measured with a 12-item self-report measure that captures both self-focused, ego-centric feelings of power (6 items: Today, I have power over other people; Today I feel powerful; Others are treating me today as someone who has power; Today, I am able to control others’ ability to get what they want; Today, my evaluations of other people will affect them; Today, I am able to control significant resources for other people), and other-focused, responsibility-based feelings of power (6 items: Today, I have responsibility over other people; Today, I feel responsible for others; Others are treating me today as someone who has responsibility over them; Today, my actions will affect other people; Today, I need to look out for the welfare of another person or people; Today, I have responsibilities for resources or opportunities for other people). Respondents rated the extent to which they agreed with each statement on a scale ranging from (1) Strongly Disagree to (5) Strongly Agree . Dark Triad was measured with a 27-item scale which measures endorsement of Machiavellianism (e.g., Most people can be manipulated), narcissism (e.g., People see me as a natural leader), and psychopathy (e.g., Payback needs to be quick and nasty) (Jones & Paulhus, 2014). We created a single Dark Triad scale by averaging the three Dark Triad trait scales, which has been validated in prior research (McLarnon & Tarraf, 2017) on a scale ranging from (1) Strongly Disagree to (5) Strongly Agree. State positive affect was measured with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988; e.g., “enthusiastic, interested) on a scale ranging from (1) very slightly or not at all to (5) very much. Dominance was measured with a 16-item scale measuring dominant, non-submissive personality (Wiggins et al., 1988). Participants rated the extent to which a series of adjectives described them on a scale from (1) does not describe me at all to (7) describes me very well. Sample items were firm, forceless (reverse coded), dominant, and unauthoritative (reverse coded). Sexy-powerful feelings were measured with an 8-itemscale developed by Stockdale et al. (2019), in which respondents rated the extent to which they are feeling powerful, competitive, deserving recognition, high status, distinctive, desirable, hot, and appealing. Communal feelings were measured with a five-item scale modified from Diekman et al., (2011), in which participants rated the extent to which they were feeling caring, connected to others, helpful, altruistic, and responsible for others. Responses to items on both scales ranged from (1) Strongly Disagree to (5) Strongly Agree . Sexual harassment intentions were measured with a modification of The Workplace Crush Scenario (Williams et al., 2017), in which participants imagined being attracted to a coworker (Matt for female participants/Melanie for male participants) who is not responding to their flirtation. The scale was modified from its original set of 40 items to a reduced set of 10 items by domain sampling a full range of unwanted sexual attention behaviors from “I will touch Melanie’s (Matt’s) arm when speaking to her (him)” to “I will invite Melanie (Matt) to have sex in my private office.” The scale also includes 16 “foil” (non-harassing) items that were not analyzed. The shortened scale has been used in previous research (Author’s name removed for blind review). Participants rated how likely they would be to engage in various behaviors. Responses were recorded on scales ranging from (1) not at all likely to (7) very likely . SH Intentions is the average of ratings of the inappropriate items. Participants completed all measures in a single, online session. They were compensated for completing the study with a $1.00 Amazon gift card. The research was approved by our Institutional Review Board as an exempt protocol and was in compliance with APA ethical standards for the treatment of human participants. Participants read an informed consent statement before agreeing to participate in the study. Study materials and the dataset can be found in the online supplement. Clinical trial number: not applicable. Results The factor structure of the 12 state power activation items was assessed with a principal axis factor analysis. One factor was extracted, accounting for 66.83% of the variance. Loadings of the items on the factor ranged from 0.65 (Today, I need to look out for the welfare of another person or people) to 0.90 (Today, I am able to control significant resources for other people). The unitary structure of this factor was also found with a maximum likelihood factor analysis, which extracted a single factor accounting for 66.80% of the variance. A unitary scale measuring power activation was created by averaging responses to the 12 powerful feelings items, α = 0.96. The factor structure of the 12 items measuring sexy-powerful feelings and the 5 items measuring communal feelings was assessed with a principal axis factor analysis with oblimin rotation. Two factors emerged accounting for 60.7% of the variance. Items loading on factor 1 included all of the sexy-powerful feelings items and one item from communal feelings – altruistic. Factor loadings ranged from 0.49 (altruistic) to 0.96 (deserving recognition). Items loading on factor 2 included the remaining communal feeling items, with loadings ranging from 0.49 (responsible for others) to 0.90 (helpful). The scale sexy-powerful feelings was computed as the average of the 8 sexy-powerful feelings, α = 0.92; and the scale communal feelings was composed of the 5 communal feeling items including altruism, α = 0.86. The exclusion of altruistic from this scale did not increase alpha. Table 1 presents the means, standard deviations, reliabilities, and inter-correlations among the study variables. All variables were strongly intercorrelated (with minor exception). Notably power activation was significantly positively associated with sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings, Dark Triad beliefs, dominance, positive affect, and SH intentions, supporting the convergent validity of the power activation scale. To further assess the pathway between power activation and intentions to engage in sexual harassment we conducted a mediation analysis with parallel mediators: sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings. This test was conducted with Hayes’ Process macro for SPSS v.4.2 (Hayes, 2022). The indirect effects were estimated with bias-corrected bootstrapping with 5000 resamples. 95% confidence intervals of the indirect effect that do not include the value 0 indicate significant effects. The results are displayed in Figure 2. Table 1 Study 1, Means, SDs, Observed Range, Skew, Kurtosis, Reliabilities (α), and Intercorrelations among Study Variables, n=100 Inter-correlations Scale (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (a) Power activation (0.96) (b) Sexy-Powerful Feelings 0.70 * (0.92) (c) Communal Feelings 0.65 * 0.74 * (0.86) (d) Dark Triad 0.60 * 0.65 * 0.33 * (0.89) (e) Dominance 0.47 * 0.51 * 0.33 * 0.29 * (0.91) (f) Positive Affect 0.61 * 0.84 * 0.81 * 0.47 * 0.42 * (0.93) (g) SH Intentions 0.41 * 0.48 * 0.26 * 0.66 * 0.01 0.37 * (0.95) Mean 3.04 2.46 3.15 2.73 4.10 3.10 2.43 SD 1.09 1.06 1.03 0.60 1.26 1.12 1.57 Observed range 1.00 - 5.00 1.00 - 4.60 1.00 - 5.00 1.59 - 4.04 1.29 -7 .00 1.00 - 5.00 1.00 - 6.44 Notes: Coefficient alpha reliability (α) is presented in the diagonal, italicized. SD = standard deviation, SH = sexual harassment; * p < .001 Power activation was significantly positively associated with sexy-powerful feelings and with communal feelings (see Figure 2). Accounting for communal feelings, sexy-powerful feelings significantly positively predicted sexual harassment intentions; likewise, accounting for sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings were negatively associated with sexual harassment intentions. The 95% confidence interval of the indirect effect of power activation on sexual harassment intentions through sexy-powerful feelings was positive and did not include 0.0, and the 95% confidence interval of the indirect effect through communal feelings was negative and did not include 0.0. Accounting for both sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings, the direct effect of power activation on sexual harassment intentions was marginally significant (all unstandardized betas, p values, and confidence intervals for the indirect effedts are shown in Figure 2). The model explained 49% of the variance in sexy-powerful feelings, 42% of the variance in communal feelings, and 28% of the variance in sexual harassment intentions. We conducted an exploratory analysis to assess whether gender of participant moderated the mediated effects described above, removing the one participant who identified as other gender. This test was conducted with the Hayes’ Process macro allowing gender to moderate both the paths between power activation and each of the mediators and to moderate the conditional direct effect of power activation on sexual harassment intentions. The statistical results are displayed in Figure 2. Gender did not moderate either of the paths between power activation and sexy-powerful feelings, b = -0.04 (se = 0.14), p = 0.778; nor the path between power activation and communal feelings; b = -0.09 (se = 0.15), p = 0.539; hence the indirect paths through each of these mediators were not different for female and male participants. However, there was a marginally significant interaction with gender on the conditional direct effect, b = -0.49, p = 0.055. For women, the direct effect was not significant, b = 0.11, p = .627; but for men, the direct effect was significantly positive, b = 0.60, p = 0.010. The model explained 53% of the variance in sexy-powerful feelings, 40% of the variance in communal feelings, and 32% of the variance in SH intentions. Discussion This study provides validation evidence for a self-report measure of power activation that encompasses both self-focused and responsibility-focused powerful feelings as an internally consistent, unitary construct. Power activation was significantly associated with other individual differences associated with power, including positive affect, dominance, and Dark Triad tendencies. Moreover, it was associated with intentions to engage in sexual harassment, which was stronger for men than for women. Through sexy-powerful feelings, power intentions facilitated intentions to engage in sexual harassment, whereas through communal feelings, power intentions curtailed those intentions. These differential effects support a dualistic model of power in which both transgressive and avoidance of transgression toward others can emanate from an actor’s activation of power. Study 2 Our main study was a 10-day ESM with pairs of faculty mentors and one of their graduate student or post-doctoral researcher mentees. A second mentee was recruited to obtain an independent assessment of the lab (or training program) climate. We collected mentors’ self-reports of power activation and measures of the proposed mediators (sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings, and moral crediting) during the day and then in the evening we measured the mentees’ experiences or observations of HARM and allyship they experienced that day. This study was part of a larger ESM study to examine both the effects of mentors’ daily activation on mentees’ HARM and allyship experiences and the impact on those experiences on mentees’ attitude toward their program and commitment to persist. A manuscript describing the latter impacts has been accepted for publication elsewhere (citation withheld for peer review). The HARM and allyship measures, as well as the mentee demographic variables are common to both projects, but the theoretical foundations for the two projects are different, making a single manuscript incorporating both sets of impacts unwieldy. Methods Participants We randomly sampled 9,000 principal investigators funded by a research grant from the National Institutes of Health (“Mentors”) from the online RePORTER database (reporter.nih.gov) from 27 Institutes across three recruitment waves (Spring 2023, Fall 2023, Spring 2024), excluding those who were unaffiliated with academic institutions. A total of 359 mentors completed an enrollment survey listing their research trainees (4% response rate). Nineteen mentors who listed fewer than two mentees were excluded. For each remaining mentor, we randomly selected and recruited two mentees—oversampling women and racial/ethnic groups underrepresented in biomedical research (i.e., groups other than White or Asian). One mentee was randomly assigned as the primary mentee and completed 10 daily surveys; the other served as the secondary mentee and completed a single survey assessing lab tolerance for HARM. The final sample included 202 mentor–primary mentee dyads (59% response rate from eligible mentor sample), with 128 dyads providing matched secondary-mentee climate ratings. This sample size exceeds recommendations for organizationally based ESM studies (Gabriel et al, 2019). Demographic and contextual characteristics appear in Table 2. Mentors and primary mentees received a $150 gift card for completing at least 70% of daily surveys, and secondary mentees received a $10 gift card for completing the climate survey. All procedures were approved by the university’s Institutional Review Board and complied with APA ethical standards. Table 2 Study 2: Demographic and Institutional & Lab Characteristics of Mentors, Primary Mentees, and Secondary Mentees Characteristic Mentors n=202 Primary Mentees N=202 Secondary Mentees n=174 c Gender Man 90 (44.6%) 56 (27.7%) 37 (21.3%) Woman 100 (49.5%) 142 (70.3%) 132 (75.9%) Other 2 (1.0%) 4 (2.0%) 5 (2.9%) Hispanic (yes) 34 (17.0%) 22 (12.6%) Race a American Indian/Alaskan Native 2 (1.0%) 1 (0.5%) 0 (0.0%) Asian 33 (15.3%) 59 (29.5%) 52 (30.0%) Black 4 (1.9%) 16 (8.0%) 10 (5.7%) White 152 (75.2%) 104 (52%) 98 (56.3%) Race not listed, or did not wish to provide 8 (4.0%) 20 (9.9%) 14 (8.0%) URM status b (yes) 18 (8.9%) 35 (17.7%) 24 (13.8%) Primary Rank Assistant Professor 55 (27.2%) Associate Professor 85 (42.1%) Professor 51 (25.2%) Secondary Position Department Chair or Equivalent 1 (0.5%) Other Administrative Appointment 1 (0.5%) Tenure Status Tenured 123 (60.9%) Pre-tenured 66 (32.7%) Not applicable 3 (1.5%) Institutional Carnegie Rank R1: Very High Research Activity 168 (83.2%) R2: High Research Activity 13 (6.4%) Master’s colleges and universities-larger programs 6 (3.0%) Other 4 (2.0%) a Respondents could select more than one race and there were missing data. b Categorized as URM (underrepresented minority) if participant identified as Hispanic/Latino, not White, not Asian or not White-Asian. c Due to a data error, we lost the demographic data of the sample of secondary mentees who were matched with primary mentees and mentors. The percentages reported here are based on the full sample of secondary mentees regardless of being matched and used in the final analysis (n=174). Measures and Procedures Mentors completed an enrollment survey, intake survey, and daily surveys. Primary mentees completed an intake survey and daily surveys. Secondary mentees completed an intake survey. All surveys were completed online using the Qualtrics survey platform. The measures in each are described below. All measures for all samples are available in the online supplement. The mentors’ enrollment survey gathered interest in participating in the ESM study and contact information for their mentees. Eligible mentors were those for whom we could recruit at least one mentee to participate. Next, these mentors completed an intake survey assessing their demographic and institutional characteristics. Personal items included gender identity, Hispanic or Latine origin, race (multiple selections allowed), and U.S. citizenship. Professional items captured current university position (e.g., assistant professor, professor, department chair; multiple selections permitted), tenure status, years in rank, years at the institution, institutional Carnegie Classification (e.g., R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity), and minority-serving designation. For ESM studies with frequent assessment, researchers are advised to use shortened scales to reduce survey fatigue (Gabriel et al., 2019). The daily surveys completed by mentors were assessed with shortened versions of the scales developed and validated in study 1. Items, sources, scaling, and previous estimates of reliabilities of these measures are found in Table 3. Each day for 10 days consecutively (excluding the weekend), mentors completed brief, online scales assessing power activation, sexy-powerful feelings , communal feelings, and moral crediting . Mentors received a daily email message at 8:00 am in their time zone with a link to their survey to complete by 4:00 pm. Both mentors and mentees were assured that they would not see each other’s survey responses and that no reports of these data would be identifiable. Table 3 Study 2: Items for daily measures completed by mentors and mentees Scale Items Source Response Scale Prior reliability estimates (source) Daily surveys completed by mentors: Power Activation 1. Today I have power over other people. 2. Today I am able to control significant resources for other people. 3. Today I have responsibility over other people. 4. Today I have responsibilities for resources or opportunities for other people. Study 1 1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree α = .92 (Study 1) Moral Crediting 1. Acting responsibly for others builds up my moral credits. 2. Each responsible deed I performed today adds to my moral credits. Lin et al. (2016) 1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree α = .73 (prior study, citation withheld for peer review) Sexy-Powerful Feelings 1. Desirable 2. Appealing 3. Powerful 4. High status. Study 1 1 = Very slightly/not at all to 5 = Very much α = .91 (Study 1) Communal Feelings 1. Caring 2. Connected to others 3. Responsible for others 4. Helpful. Study 1 1 = Very slightly/not at all to 5 = Very much α = .86 (Study 1) Daily Measures completed by mentees: a Sexual Harassment 1. Engaged in sexist behavior toward me or others. 2. Engaged in sexually crude behavior toward me or others. 3. Gave me unwanted sexual attention. 4. Implied differential treatment if we cooperated sexually. Stark et al. (2002), SEQ 0 = Not at all; 1 = Probably/not sure; 2 = Yes, definitely α = 0.65-0.71 (citation withheld for peer review) Racial Mistreatment 1. Engaged in racist behavior toward me or others. 2. Engaged in racially crude behavior toward me or others. 3. Made assumptions that I or other minorities were inferior. 4. Treated minorities as second-class citizens. 5. Invalidated minority experiences. 6. Was subtly aggressive toward minorities. 7. Ignored minorities or made them feel invisible. Cortina (2001); Nadal (2011) 0 = Not at all; 1 = Probably/not sure; 2 = Yes, definitely α = 0.89-0.93 (citation withheld for peer review) Incivility 1. Put me down or was condescending toward me or others. 2. Paid little attention to my or others’ opinions. 3. Addressed me or others in unprofessional terms either publicly or in private. Lim & Cortina (2005) 0 = Not at all; 1 = Probably/not sure; 2 = Yes, definitely α = 0.84-0.85 (citation withheld for peer review) HARM Composite Sum of all sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility items. 0 = Not at all; 1 = Probably/not sure; 2 = Yes, definitely α = 0.86-0.91 (citation withheld for peer review) Allyship 1. Supported me in a significant way. 2. Showed me that they were an ally toward me. 3. Stepped in to intervene against mistreatment toward me or other lab mates. 4. Mentored me. Ashburn-Nardo et al. (2008) 0 = Not at all; 1 = Probably/not sure; 2 = Yes, definitely α = 0.71-0.72 (citation withheld for peer review) The primary and secondary mentees completed an intake survey that measured demographic variables (gender, race/ethnicity, citizenship status) with the same items as used for the mentor intake survey. Primary mentees also completed measures of lab gender (Fitzgerald et al., 1997), the extent to which the people working with their primary research mentor are (1) one or very few people of the same gender as them to (5) all or almost all of the same gender as them (the midpoint was “about the same number of people with the same gender as me as well as people with a different gender than me”). Lab race was measured with a similar scale replacing gender with “race/ethnicity.” Lab Tolerance for HARM (LTH), assessed with the intake survey, was measured with a 10-item scale adapted from Organizational Tolerance for Sexual Harassment scale (Goldberg et al., 2019; Hulin et al., 1996; Williams et al., 1999) and was completed by both primary and secondary mentees in their intake survey. Definitions of sexual harassment, racism, racial harassment, microaggression, and incivility were provided. Sample items were “My mentor/PI enforces policies against (a) sexual harassment, (b) racism, racial harassment, or racial microaggressions (racial mistreatment), and (c) incivility” (reverse scored); and “A person who complains of (a) sexual harassment, (b) racism, racial harassment, or racial microaggressions, and (c) incivility or bullying in my lab faces risks. Participants rated each item for each form of HARM on scales ranging from (1) not at all to (5) all the time . LTH was computed as the average of all 10 items across each domain (sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility (30 items total; α= 0.93 for primary mentees and α = 0.96 for secondary mentees). To assess whether LTH had climate-level properties of consensus among group members (Klein & Kozlowski, 2000), we correlated the primary and secondary mentees’ LTH scores ( r = 0.25, p =0.004, n=125), computed James et al.’s (1984) within-group interrater agreement index ( r wg .= 0.93), and the two-way mixed effects intraclass correlation for absolute agreement ( ICC 2 = 0.74, p < .001). These statistics support LTH as a climate-level variable. We used the primary mentees’ LTH scores in the remaining analyses because using an aggregated measure would only be available for 125 primary mentees. On the same day as their mentor, the primary mentee completed their daily survey prompted by an email message that arrived at 5:00 pm in their time zone within instructions to complete the survey by 10:00 pm. Daily HARM experiences (sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility) and allyship experiences were measured with shortened versions of validated measures of each type of experience that were developed and validated in a previous study (citation withheld for peer review). Table 3 summarizes the items, original source, response scales, and reliabilities established in previous research for each measure. A measure reflecting the combination of all negative experiences (harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility) was created by summing responses to all mentee negative experience items and was labeled HARM . A prior study with a different sample of NIH-funded graduate students and post-doctoral fellows found that these measures were reliable and could detect HARM experiences on one of two days, ten days apart. Indeed, in that study, almost 37% experienced at least one incident of HARM on either of these days, and experiences of HARM on day 1 were negative associated with attitudes toward the program, including commitment to staying with the program, 10 days later (citation withheld for peer review). The research was approved by our Institutional Review Board as an exempt protocol and was in compliance with APA ethical standards for the treatment of human participants. Participants read an informed consent statement before agreeing to participate in the study. Clinical trial number: not applicable. Analyses Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) with random effects and Bayes estimator (Preacher et al., 2010, 2016; Yuan & MacKinnon, 2009) was used in Mplus 8.9 (Muthén & Muthén, 2023) to test the hypotheses, allowing us to (a) account for the clustered nature of the data, (b) separate the within- (level 1) and between-dyads (level 2) data, (c) appropriately deal with missing data, (d) perform latent mean centering of the within-level variables which is more accurate than observed mean centering. In addition, HARM was analyzed as binary since rates of incidents were low. In fact, as detailed below in the results section, the mean and variance on sexual harassment and racial mistreatment was 0 on some days and less than 5 on five days, precluding within-level analyses on those outcomes. Those experiences were included in the HARM composite, however. The binary outcomes for incivility and HARM were handled using probit regression in MSEM (McNeish et al., 2023), which assumes a continuous latent variable underlying each outcome. Consequently, the parameters related to each binary outcome capture relationships associated with this underlying latent variable. Allyship was modeled as a continuous outcome in MSEM. We note that HARM and Incivility were highly correlated with each other at both the within and between-dyad level (see Table 5 below), hence the output is highly redundant. We present the analyses with incivility only in order to examine how this form of mistreatment, separate from other forms of HARM, was affected by mentors’ power activation and their resulting psychological process (sexy-powerful feelings, etc.). We had intended to do the same for sexual harassment and racial mistreatment, but the low incident rates precluded those analyses. We first examined a parallel mediation model for HARM, incivility, and allyship at within-dyad levels. Following Preacher et al. (2010), the within-dyad effects involved in a mediational pathway were allowed to be random across individuals, and the covariance between the random effects was also estimated. The corresponding mean within-level indirect effect was then computed as the sum of the product of the mean effects and their covariance. For properly testing the significance of indirect effects, we used 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) credible intervals (CIs), which are asymmetrical and comparable to bootstrapping confidence intervals. Specifically, an indirect effect would be significant at p < .05 if the corresponding 95% CI excluded 0. After testing the parallel mediation models, we then included each of the seven moderators separately (i.e., lab gender, lab race, and mentor and mentee’s gender and URM status, as well as LTH; all are between-level variables) to examine whether any of them moderated the effects of power activation at the within- dyad level (i.e., cross-level interactions) in the parallel mediation models. Significant interaction effects were probed using the pick-a-point approach (Bauer & Curran, 2005). With this approach, the effect of power activation was examined at low (mean – 1SD), medium (mean), and high (mean + 1SD) levels of a significant interval-scaled moderator. All analyses were tested with time spent in the lab with their mentor as a covariate. There were no substantial differences in the results, therefore we report the findings without this covariate. The dataset and MPlus code for the ESM analyses can be found in the online supplement. Results Descriptive Statistics and Preliminary Analyses The descriptive statistics of the model variables are presented in Table 4. For within-dyad level variables, as they have daily measures over 10 days, we reported their mean and range of occurrence rates (frequencies) for binary outcomes, and average and range of means and SDs over 10 days for continuous variables (i.e., the predictor, mediators, and allyship). As mentioned above, mentees’ experiences of sexual harassment and racial mistreatment were very low on two or more days. Except for day 1, the prevalence of sexual harassment experiences ranged from 0.0% to 2.0% across the ten days, and the prevalence of racial mistreatment ranged from 1.5% to 4.0%. Therefore, we did not conduct multilevel mediation analyses on these outcomes separately. However, they were included in the HARM composite. Table 4 reports the intra-class correlations (ICCs) of each within-dyad measure. As shown in Table 4, ICCs ranged from .28 to .87, indicating substantial clustering (Chen & Chen, 2021), which warrants multilevel modeling. For between-dyad level variables, Table 4 reports the descriptive information for between level variables including means (which are proportions for dichotomous variables), SDs, and alpha (for LTH, only). Table 4 Study 2: Descriptive Statistics for within- and between-dyad variables, n=202 dyads Ranges across 10 days Frequency a N (%) Mean SD Alpha ICC n-Within Dyads b Within-dyad variables (possible range) Mentee SH (0-8) 0-10 (0.0% - 4.98%) 0.00 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.67 * - 0.94 N/A c N/A c Mentee RM (0-14) 4-20 (1.49% - 9.90%) 0.02 - 0.40 0.15 - 1.46 -0.02 - 0.95 N/A c N/A c Mentee Incivility (0-6) 2-39 (1.00% - 19.31%) 0.03 -0.86 0.16 - 0.88 * - 0.83 0.28 1486 Mentee HARM (0-28) 5-47 (2.49% - 23.27%) 0.10 - 0.86 0.44 - 2.24 0.38 - 0.89 0.30 1486 Mentee Allyship (0-8) 61-169 (54.95% - 83.66%) 3.12 - 4.74 2.35 - 3.01 0.74 - 0.89 0.47 1020 Mentor Power (1-5) 3.75 - 3.90 0.66 - 0.77 0.71 - 0.81 0.58 Mentor SxPw Feel (1-5) 2.74 - 2.93 0.81 - 0.95 0.84 - 0.93 0.72 Mentor Comm. Feel (1-5) 3.92 - 4.03 0.66 - 0.78 0.77 - 0.89 0.51 Mentor Mor. Cred. (1-5) 3.31 - 3.53 1.16 - 1.26 0.94 - 0.98 0.87 Between-dyad variables (possible range) Mean SD Lab Gender (1-5) 3.55 1.29 Lab Race (1-5) 2.58 1.45 LTH (1-5) 1.67 0.60 0.95 Mentee Gender (Man) (0-1) 0.28 0.45 Mentor Gender (Man) (0-1) 0.47 0.50 Mentee URM (URM) (0-1) 0.28 0.45 Mentor URM (URM) (0-1) 0.06 0.24 Notes : *alpha could not be computed due to zero or one observation(s) on one or more days. a Frequencies are recorded for Mentee experiences only and reflect the number of mentees (% of total sample) who scored 1 or more on any item on the relevant experience scale. b n Within-dyad observations are calculated as the number of pairs of mentors and mentees who provided data on the relevant outcome variable across 10 days. c N/A- due to low means, variances, or alphas on more than one day, this outcome was not included in the ESM analyses, therefore ICCs and within-dyad observations were not calculated. Mentee experience variables were computed as sums of the scores for each item in the scale. Mentor variables were computed as the mean of the items on the scales. SH=Sexual Harassment, RM = Racial Mistreatment, SxPw Feel = sexy-powerful feelings; Comm. Feel = communal feelings. Mor. Cred. = moral crediting, LTH = Lab Tolerance for HARM, URM = underrepresented minority (race other than White only, Asian only, White-Asian, or is Hispanic). The within-level and between-level correlation matrix is shown in Table 5. Of interest among these correlations, although not the focus of our research, the average correlation among HARM and mentee URM status was nearly significant, r = 0.31, p = .054, indicating that URM mentees were more likely than nonURM mentees to experience HARM across the 10 days. This is also echoed in the significantly negative correlation between HARM and Lab Race, r = -.42, p < .001, which indicates that across the 10 days, HARM was high for mentees whose race was a minority in their lab. Both HARM and Incivility were strongly correlated with LTH, r = .61, p < .001, r = .62, p < .001, respectively, consistent with past research showing that organizational tolerance for sexual harassment is a strong predictor of harassment experiences (Willness, et al., 2007). Moral crediting was positively correlated with mentor URM status, r = 0.52, p < .001, indicating that URM mentors, compared to others, rated themselves higher on moral crediting beliefs. We have no explanation for this finding. Table 5 Study 2: Within -level (Level 1) and Between-level (Level 2) Correlations, n=202 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) Within-level (Level 1) Measures (a) HARM .85 * -.06 .23 * -.06 -.01 .05 -.14 -.42 * .61 * .12 .02 .03 .31 (b) Incivility .98 * -.05 .25 * -.08 -.04 -.01 .00 -.27 * .62 * .16 .02 -.03 .21 (c) Allyship .10 .24 * .13 -.10 .05 -.20 * -.03 -.17 * -.14 .10 .11 .15 .14 (d) Power Activation .09 .08 .06 .60 * .51 * .43 * .02 -.13 -.01 .05 .10 .10 -.07 (e) SxPw Feel -.07 -.07 -.02 .41 * .43 * .45 * .05 -.10 -.06 .15 .03 .14 -.18 (f) Communal Feelings .09 .10 .05 .51 * .55 * .37 * .03 -.02 -.13 -.04 -.06 .15 -.06 (g) Moral Crediting .09 .11 .10 * .24 * .20 * .23 * -.03 -.08 .03 -.07 .52 .03 -.02 Between-level (Level 2) measures (h) Lab Gender .14 * .04 -.13 .08 -.52 * -.17 (i) Lab Race .01 -.06 -.06 .04 -.61 * (j) LTH .18 * -.03 -.05 -.03 (k) Mentor gender (male) -.12 .07 -.16 (l) Mentor URM (URM) -.46 * .15 (m) Mentee gender (male) -.04 (n) Mentee URM (URM) Note: Within-level correlations are shown below the diagonal and between-level correlations are shown above the diagonal. SxPw Feel = sexy-powerful feelings; LTH = Lab Tolerance for HARM; URM = Underrepresented Minority. * p < .05 or lower. Hypothesis Testing We present parallel mediation analyses without moderators at the within-dyad level to test hypotheses 1-4. A within-dyad effect represents how the deviation of an individual’s status on a variable from its typical/average value would affect the deviation of another variable across days. The analyses were then replicated with the moderator variables to test hypotheses 5-11. Results are presented by outcome variable (HARM, incivility, and allyship). HARM. The results of the parallel mediation model predicting mentees’ HARM experiences are presented in Figure 3. Power activation significantly affected all three mediators. Specifically, an increase in power activation was significantly associated with an increase in mentors’ communal feelings, sexy-powerful feelings, and moral crediting (see statistical results in the figures). However, among the three mediators, only sexy-powerful feeling significantly predicted HARM, albeit in a negative direction, holding the other mediators and power activation constant. This indicates that an increase in sexy-powerful feelings was associated with a decrease in HARM. Consequently, only the indirect effect of power activation on HARM via sexy-powerful feeling was negative and significant, indicating that power activation increased sexy-powerful feelings which in turn decreased HARM, contrary to Hypothesis 1. This analysis also did not support hypothesis 2 for the HARM outcome. After accounting for the mediators, the direct effect of power activation on HARM was not significant. At the within-dyad level, the model accounted for 26.7% of variance in communal feelings, 20.9% of variance in sexy-powerful feelings, 15.5% variance in moral crediting, and 22.4% variance in HARM. Cross-level moderation analyses between the level-2 moderators (between dyad variables) and the level-1 (within dyad) mediators and HARM are presented in Table 6. Among all the moderation effects examined, three were found to be significant. The first is the moderation effect of lab gender on the direct effect from power to HARM (see Table 6). We thus examined the direct effect at low (-1SD, 2.25), medium (mean, 3.54), and high (+1SD, 4.83) values of lab gender and found that the effects were -0.16 ( p = .46), 0.23 ( p = .12), and 0.64 ( p = .01), respectively, indicating that the direct effect of mentors’ power activation on HARM became more positive as lab gender increased, and it was only significant when lab gender was high, suggesting that mentors’ power activation was more likely to affect mentees’ HARM experiences in labs dominated by the same gender as the mentee, contrary to our prediction that mentors’ power activation would have more deleterious effects on mentees when mentees were a gender minority in their lab. This finding addresses hypothesis 9 although the effect was opposite than hypothesized. Second, mentors’ gender moderated the within-dyad relationship between mentors’ power activation and communal feelings (see Table 6), such that the effect of mentors’ daily power activation on communal feelings was more positive for female mentors, b = 0.61, p < .001) than male mentors, b = 0.44, p < .001, supporting hypothesis 7(b). The within-dyad indirect effects via communal feelings on HARM, however, were non-significant for both male and female mentors because of the non-significant effect of communal feelings on HARM (see Figure 3), which does not support hypothesis 7(b)(i). Third, mentors’ gender moderated the relationship between mentors’ daily power activation and sexy-powerful feelings (see Table 6), such that the effect of power on sexy-powerful feelings was also more positive for female mentors, b = 0.50, p < .01, than male mentors, b = .33, p < .01. Consequently, the within-dyad indirect negative effect of power activation on HARM via sexy-powerful feelings was stronger for female mentors, b = -.26, 95% CI [-.46, -.08], than male mentors, b = -.18, 95% CI [-.34, -.06]. This finding is opposite of our prediction in hypothesis 7(a)(i). Table 6 Study 2: Moderators on the effects of power embodiment (x) for HARM, n=202 Moderation effect b Posterior SD a p 95% credible interval β lower limit upper limit (1) Lab Gender on x --> communal feelings 0.03 0.03 0.30 -0.02 0.08 0.12 x --> sexy powerful feelings 0.04 0.03 0.16 -0.02 0.09 0.16 x --> moral licensing 0.04 0.03 0.18 -0.02 0.10 0.15 x --> HARM 0.32 0.13 0.02 0.05 0.58 0.67 (2) Lab race on x --> communal feelings 0.00 0.02 0.91 -0.04 0.04 -0.01 x --> sexy powerful feelings 0.00 0.02 0.92 -0.04 0.05 0.01 x --> moral licensing 0.01 0.03 0.63 -0.04 0.06 0.05 x --> HARM 0.17 0.11 0.17 -0.09 0.37 0.46 (3) Mentor’s Gender (Man) x --> communal feelings -0.17 0.07 0.02 -0.30 -0.03 -0.29 x --> sexy-powerful feelings -0.17 0.07 0.02 -0.31 -0.03 -0.30 x --> moral licensing 0.03 0.08 0.74 -0.13 0.18 0.04 x --> HARM 0.27 0.32 0.46 -0.39 0.84 0.26 (4) Mentor's URM status (URM) on x --> communal feelings 0.12 0.16 0.47 -0.20 0.42 0.10 x --> sexy-powerful feelings 0.13 0.16 0.41 -0.19 0.44 0.11 x --> moral licensing 0.19 0.17 0.27 -0.17 0.51 0.12 x --> HARM 0.31 0.70 0.64 -1.04 1.61 0.15 (5) Mentee's gender (Man) on x --> communal feelings 0.05 0.08 0.50 -0.10 0.21 0.08 x --> sexy-powerful feelings -0.04 0.08 0.65 -0.18 0.12 -0.06 x --> moral licensing -0.04 0.09 0.65 -0.22 0.14 -0.05 x --> HARM -0.21 0.36 0.56 -0.91 0.49 -0.17 (6) Mentee's URM status (URM) on x --> communal feelings -0.07 0.07 0.33 -0.21 0.07 -0.11 x --> sexy-powerful feelings 0.01 0.07 0.91 -0.14 0.15 0.01 x --> moral licensing -0.05 0.08 0.57 -0.21 0.11 -0.06 x --> HARM -0.36 0.30 0.20 -0.98 0.21 -0.34 (7) Lab tolerance of HARM on x --> communal feelings 0.05 0.06 0.40 -0.06 0.16 0.10 x --> sexy-powerful feelings 0.04 0.06 0.48 -0.06 0.15 0.08 x --> moral licensing -0.02 0.06 0.78 -0.14 0.11 -0.03 x --> HARM 0.05 0.26 0.84 -0.48 0.58 0.06 Notes for Tables 6-8: a Posterior SD is the standard deviation of the posterior distribution of a parameter obtained through Bayesian estimation. It serves a similar—though not equivalent—role as the standard error in the frequentist statistical framework. b and β denote unstandardized and standardized coefficients, respectively. For dichotomous moderator variables, the term in parentheses represents the group with the higher dummy code. Significant moderators are emphasized with boldface. URM = underrepresented minority. Incivility. The results for the within-dyad parallel mediation of mentors’ power activation on mentees’ incivility found significant effects of power activation on all three mediators with similar estimates and significance as the result for HARM experiences (see Figure 4). In addition, when holding other mediators constant, each mediator significantly predicted incivility: communal feelings and moral crediting were positively associated with incivility and sexy-powerful feelings was negatively associated with incivility (see Figure 4). Consequently, all three indirect effects were significant (see Figure 4). These indirect effects indicate that although power activation increased incivility via increased communal feelings or moral licensing, it decreased incivility via increased sexy-power feelings. Partialing out these indirect effects, power activation did not have a significant direct effect on incivility. The results for communal feelings and sexy-powerful feelings are opposite of our predictions for hypothesis 1 (that power activation would increase incivility via sexy-powerful feelings) and hypothesis 2 (that power activation would decrease incivility via communal feelings), but they support hypothesis 4 (that power activation would increase incivility via moral crediting). At the within-dyad level, the model accounted for 26.9% of variance in communal feelings, 20.1 of variance in sexy-powerful feelings, 15.1% variance in moral crediting, and 34.6% variance in incivility. Regarding cross-level interactions, presented in Table 7, the power activation × mentor gender interactions on communal feelings and on sexy-powerful feelings are redundant with those presented in Table 6. The within-dyad indirect effect of power activation on incivility via communal feelings was stronger for female mentors, b =.28, 95% CI [.05, .50]. than male mentors, B = .20, 95% CI [.04, .40]; and the within-dyad indirect effect of power activation on incivility via sexy-powerful feelings was stronger for female mentors, B = -.29, 95% CI [-.51, -.06], than male mentors, B = -.20, 95% CI [-.38, -.05]. Table 7 Study 2: Moderators on the effects of power embodiment (x) for incivility, n=202 Moderation effect B Posterior SD a p 95% credible interval β lower limit upper limit (1) Lab gender on x --> communal feelings 0.03 0.03 0.30 -0.03 0.08 0.13 x --> sexy powerful feelings 0.04 0.03 0.14 -0.02 0.09 0.17 x --> moral licensing 0.04 0.03 0.20 -0.02 0.10 0.14 x --> incivility 0.26 0.16 0.12 -0.05 0.57 0.55 (2) Lab race on x --> communal feelings 0.00 0.02 0.92 -0.05 0.04 -0.01 x --> sexy powerful feelings 0.00 0.02 0.94 -0.04 0.05 0.01 x --> moral licensing 0.01 0.03 0.66 -0.04 0.06 0.05 x --> incivility 0.10 0.12 0.46 -0.18 0.31 0.28 (3) Mentor's gender (man) on x --> communal feelings -0.17 0.07 0.02 -0.31 -0.04 -0.29 x --> sexy-powerful feelings -0.17 0.07 0.02 -0.31 -0.04 -0.29 x --> moral licensing 0.03 0.08 0.74 -0.13 0.17 0.03 x --> incivility 0.25 0.39 0.54 -0.54 0.98 0.22 (4) Mentor's URM status (URM) on x --> communal feelings 0.12 0.16 0.23 -0.17 0.45 0.46 x --> sexy-powerful feelings 0.14 0.16 0.20 -0.17 0.46 0.39 x --> moral licensing 0.19 0.17 0.14 -0.17 0.52 0.27 x --> incivility -0.01 0.73 0.50 -1.52 1.28 0.99 (5) Mentee's gender (man) on x --> communal feelings 0.05 0.08 0.52 -0.10 0.20 0.08 x --> sexy-powerful feelings -0.04 0.08 0.64 -0.20 0.11 -0.06 x --> moral licensing -0.04 0.09 0.66 -0.22 0.13 -0.05 x --> incivility 0.09 0.37 0.82 -0.68 0.74 0.08 (6) Mentor's URM status (URM) on x --> communal feelings -0.07 0.07 0.16 -0.21 0.07 0.32 x --> sexy-powerful feelings 0.01 0.07 0.46 -0.14 0.15 0.93 x --> moral licensing -0.05 0.08 0.28 -0.21 0.11 0.56 x --> incivility -0.15 0.34 0.33 -0.76 0.57 0.65 (7) Lab tolerance of HARM on x --> communal feelings 0.05 0.06 0.38 -0.06 0.15 0.10 x --> sexy-powerful feelings 0.04 0.06 0.46 -0.06 0.15 0.09 x --> moral licensing -0.02 0.06 0.78 -0.15 0.10 -0.03 x --> incivility -0.02 0.31 0.96 -0.63 0.57 -0.02 Allyship. The results for the within-dyad parallel mediation analyses for allyship suggested significant effects of power activation on all three mediators with similar estimates and significance as the result for HARM (see Figure 5). In addition, moral crediting significantly positively predicted allyship. Consequently, there was a positive indirect effect of power on allyship via moral crediting. Partialing out the indirect effects, power activation did not have a significant direct effect on allyship. At the within-dyad level, the model accounted for 26.4% of variance in communal feelings, 20.0 of variance in sexy-powerful feelings, 15.1% variance in moral crediting, and 9.5% variance in allyship. The two cross-level moderation effects of mentor gender × power on communal feelings and on sexy-powerful feelings) shown in previous analyses (see Table 8). were also present when the outcome was allyship, such that the effects were stronger for female mentors than for male mentors. The indirect effects via the two mediators, however, were non-significant for both male and female mentors because of the non-significant within-dyad effects of these mediators on allyship. In addition, LTH moderated the within-dyad direct effect of power activation on allyship. We examined the direct effect at low (-1SD, 1.06), medium (mean, 1.67), and high values (+1SD, 2.27) of LTH, and found that the effect was -0.06 ( p = .64), 0.09 ( p = .30), and 0.25 ( p = .03), respectively, indicating that the direct effect of mentors’ power activation on mentees’ experiences of allyship became more positive as LTH increased, and it was only significant when LTH was high. Table 8 Study 2, Moderators on the effects of power embodiment (x) for allyship, n=202 Moderation effect B Posterior SD a p 95% credible interval β lower limit upper limit Lab gender on x --> communal feelings 0.03 0.03 0.30 -0.02 0.08 0.15 x --> sexy powerful feelings 0.04 0.03 0.09 -0.02 0.09 0.18 x --> moral licensing 0.04 0.03 0.09 -0.02 0.10 0.15 x --> allyship 0.00 0.06 0.47 -0.11 0.13 0.02 Lab race on x --> communal feelings <.01 0.02 0.99 -0.04 0.04 sexy powerful feelings moral licensing 0.01 0.03 0.68 -0.04 0.06 0.04 x --> allyship 0.04 0.05 0.34 -0.06 0.13 0.23 Mentor's gender (man) on x --> communal feelings -0.16 0.07 0.03 -0.29 -0.03 -0.32 x --> sexy-powerful feelings -0.18 0.06 0.00 -0.30 -0.05 -0.36 x --> moral licensing 0.03 0.08 0.65 -0.12 0.19 0.05 x --> allyship 0.16 0.14 0.26 -0.11 0.45 0.29 Mentor's URM status (URM) on x --> communal feelings 0.13 0.15 0.37 -0.14 0.42 0.13 x --> sexy-powerful feelings 0.15 0.15 0.28 -0.14 0.45 0.14 x --> moral licensing 0.18 0.17 0.27 -0.13 0.54 0.12 x --> allyship 0.00 0.33 1.00 -0.68 0.62 0.00 Mentee's gender (man) on x --> communal feelings 0.05 0.08 0.51 -0.10 0.20 0.09 x --> sexy-powerful feelings -0.04 0.07 0.57 -0.18 0.11 -0.07 x --> moral licensing -0.03 0.09 0.75 -0.19 0.15 -0.04 x --> allyship -0.16 0.17 0.38 -0.50 0.17 -0.24 Mentee's URM statis (URM) on x --> communal feelings -0.07 0.07 0.32 -0.20 0.07 -0.13 x --> sexy-powerful feelings 0.02 0.07 0.83 -0.12 0.15 0.03 x --> moral licensing -0.04 0.08 0.65 -0.21 0.12 -0.05 x --> allyship -0.01 0.16 0.95 -0.31 0.29 -0.01 Lab tolerance of harm on x --> communal feelings 0.05 0.05 0.37 -0.06 0.16 0.11 x --> sexy-powerful feelings 0.05 0.05 0.38 -0.06 0.15 0.11 x --> moral licensing -0.01 0.06 0.84 -0.13 0.11 -0.02 x --> allyship 0.25 0.13 0.04 0.01 0.52 0.49 Discussion Study 2 provides evidence that mentors’ daily feelings of power shape mentees’ experiences of harm and allyship in paradoxical ways. Consistent with theorizing that power serves as a psychological amplifier (Guinote, 2017; Keltner et al., 2003), power activation predicted multiple, often contradictory, psychological pathways. Sexy-powerful feelings, hypothesized to increase harmful outcomes, instead predicted lower rates of HARM. This result stands in contrast to research linking power with heightened sexual goal activation, over-perception, and objectification (Bargh & Raymond, 1995; Kunstman & Maner, 2011; Xiao et al., 2019). One possible explanation is that sexy-powerful feelings in academic contexts may reflect a sense of agency, which in some circumstances may reduce rather than increase mentees’ mistreatment experiences (Lammers et al., 2011). By contrast, communal feelings, typically associated with care and stewardship (Côté et al., 2011; Diekman et al., 2011; Hershcovis et al., 2017), showed a counterintuitive link with higher incivility. This dual effect suggests that although communal orientations can motivate inclusion and advocacy (Li et al., 2022; Randel et al., 2018), they may also justify behavior that others construe as incivility. For example, a communally empowered mentor may believe that their “constructive feedback” is helping mentees; however, a mentee may experience it as rude or insensitive. Additionally, research finds that communal behaviors, such as providing assistance, can be motivated by benevolent sexism and thus interpreted by the recipient as uncivil (Shnabel et al., 2016). Moral crediting, a form of moral licensing, displayed the most consistent pattern aligned with moral licensing theory (Effron & Monin, 2010). Mentors’ power activation heightened moral crediting beliefs, which in turn predicted greater incivility and, unexpectedly, greater allyship. This paradox suggests that moral crediting may simultaneously justify misconduct – a finding consistent with extensions of licensing research in organizational contexts (Dinh et al., 2022; Lin et al., 2016; Stockdale et al., 2019) – but also energize prosocial acts, perhaps signaling a moral cleansing phenomenon (He et al., 2023; Perkins et al., 2024). It is also possible that other people in the lab may have sensed the potential for their mentors’ moral-crediting induced power to cause harm to others and therefore stepped up to provide allyship. Another explanation is that moral crediting that is a function of power activation produces both positive and negative effects on mentees’ experiences, consistent with the general theory forwarded in this research. Moderation analyses revealed that the effects of power activation on communal feelings and sexy-powerful feelings were stronger for female mentors than for male mentors; and the positive effect of power activation on mentees’ HARM experiences were stronger when they were in gender majority contexts. Although these findings are counter to previous research showing that power cues are more likely to be activated by people who have predisposition toward power (such as men; Guinote, 2017) and with research on gender minoritized contexts for the experiences of sexual harassment (Kabat-Farr & Cortina, 2014; Larsson et al., 2023) and incivility (Cortina et al., 2001; 2013) it may be possible that when the work environment appears safe, with female mentors and female-dominated lab environments (for women), the insidious effects of power go unchecked. Future research is needed to understand how women mentors mobilize their power-induced psychological feelings in their treatment of others in their orbit. General Discussion Across two studies, we examined how mentors’ daily power activation influences mentees’ exposure to HARM and allyship, integrating classic theories of power with contemporary amplification and licensing perspectives. Our findings reveal that mentor power is neither uniformly corrupting nor uniformly benevolent but functions as a dynamic amplifier of multiple, often conflicting, motives, which have immediate impacts on mentees. Study 1 validated measures of daily power activation and demonstrated that both self-focused and responsibility-focused power predicted harassment intentions in opposing ways through sexy-powerful and communal feelings, respectively, using a correlational, self-report design. Study 2, using dyadic ESM, provided the most direct test of our theoretical model, showing in situ that mentors’ daily power predicts mentee outcomes through paradoxical pathways: sexy-powerful feelings that unexpectedly reduced harm, communal feelings that both fostered allyship and predicted incivility, and moral crediting that licensed both harm and support. Study 2 adds substantially more evidence than study 1 of causal influences of mentors’ daily activation of powerful feelings on mentees’ experiences. Theoretical Contributions This research advances theorizing on power in hierarchical relationships in the broader context of gendered and racialized organizational structures by demonstrating that daily fluctuations in mentors’ activation of felt power transmit to mentees’ same‑day experiences through multiple, co‑active psychological pathways. Although our research setting was biomedical health research training environments, our findings should inform other settings where power relationships are salient, including, but not limited to business and government organizations.. Rather than treating power as a uniformly corrupting force, our findings align with perspectives that conceptualize power as a goal‑ and drive‑amplifier (Guinote, 2017; Keltner, et al., 2003), while still accommodating classic approach–inhibition dynamics (Kipnis, 1972; Kipnis et al., 1976). Study 2 revealed counterintuitive patterns but still supports a dualist model of power activation. Within and between dyads, mentors’ sexy-powerful feelings were associated with lower HARM and incivility. Because the positive influence of mentors’ power activation on sexy-powerful feelings occurred more strongly for female mentors, who are presumed to be less abusive than men, it is possible that female mentors regulated those feelings so that they manifested positive outcomes for their mentees (reduced HARM and incivility). Yet daily power activation also increased mentors’ communal feelings, especially for women, which led to greater incivility experiences for their mentees. As speculated earlier, mentors’ daily communal feelings may have also triggered moral licensing effects which put mentees at risk for experiencing incivility. This is consistent with Dinh et al.’s (2022) experimental evidence where people primed with responsibility-focused power increased communal feelings, which in turn, increased moral crediting beliefs and then intentions to engage in sexual harassment. The indirect effects of power activation on incivility and allyship through moral crediting beliefs may indicate that complex processes may have been activated. As mentioned above, others in the lab may have been offering allyship when the focal mentee was experiencing incivility (our study methods precluded identifying who was offering allyship). But it’s also possible that mentors’ moral crediting influences on mentees’ incivility may have triggered a moral cleansing effect (Zhong & Liljenquist, 2006) such that mentors attempted to make up for their incivility by offering allyship. Dynamic models that capture the cyclical nature of moral crediting and moral cleansing may help to unpack these complex relationships (Perkins et al., 2024). As Guinote (2017) theorized, power is an activating force that can energize self-relevant goal seeking, which can produce both damaging and supportive consequences for others. Our findings support this view. Cross‑level interactions further clarify boundary conditions. In addition to the findings that power activation more strongly influenced both communal and sexy-powerful psychological states for women mentors than for man mentors discussed above, the direct power→HARM effect intensified when lab gender composition favored mentees’ gender. It may be possible that mentors did not regulate their potential power abuses when their mentees were not in tokenized positions. There has been significant attention paid to vulnerabilities, such as token status or being in male-dominated fields such as STEMM contexts due to publicized reports by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (Committee on the Impacts, 2018) and by the (past) director of the National Institutes of Health (Working Group, 2019), which our sample was likely aware of. Hence, while they may have been attuned to the potential for abuse of mentees who are in vulnerable circumstances, they may have been less attuned when they felt that they were not. We encourage future researchers to study the changing landscape of these vulnerabilities. Practical Contributions Practically, these findings argue for state‑sensitive, mechanism‑targeted leader development programs for mentors and others in authority, such as business leaders. Brief prompts into routine meetings for micro‑self‑regulation practices—such as decentering – a momentary pause to reflect on one’s inner states and impacts on others (Bernstein et al., 2015; Mischkowski et al., 2012) and perspective‑taking – putting oneself in another’s shoes (Diehl et al., 2014; Todd & Galinsky, 2014) – can blunt moral crediting and channel communal motives into steady, behaviorally specific support rather than paternalistic harmful acts. Leadership development framed through inclusive leadership can activate schemas of responsibility, fairness, and psychological safety while explicitly inoculating against licensing, leveraging evidence that inclusive leadership fosters belongingness and safety (Li & Tang, 2022; Randel et al., 2018). Because mentors’ daily states affect mentees’ experiences within the same day, programs should institutionalize dyadic safeguards, such as multi‑mentorship constellations and easily accessible reporting mechanisms like pulse surveys and anonymous hotlines, so that support is robust to mentors’ momentary fluctuations in their feelings of power. These findings underscore the need for interventions that recognize the paradoxical nature of power. Leader training should also not only encourage communal orientations but also guard against moral licensing, which can justify misconduct under the guise of communal feelings (Dinh et al., 2022). Likewise, interventions promoting allyship should be embedded in accountability systems that prevent misconduct. Our research also supports our view that multiple forms of interpersonal mistreatment that target people with marginalized or vulnerable identities (e.g., women and URM) should be studied collectively. Our composite measure of HARM was reliable but also allowed us to incorporate sexual harassment and racial mistreatment experiences and observations which were too infrequent to be studied separately. However, we also demonstrated the importance of separating the components of HARM, especially incivility, since it may be selectively targeted to minoritized individuals but also indiscriminately targeted to people regardless of their level of identity-based vulnerability. We encourage future research on HARM (which could be broadened to include other forms of interpersonal mistreatment, such as bullying, mobbing, and discrimination), while also studying those experiences independently. Limitations Several limitations warrant caution. First, because we needed to keep our daily measures brief, we did not assess who in the lab may have been causing HARM or offering allyship. Nonetheless, mentors’ daily power activation impacted their mentees’ experiences even if they were not the perpetrators (or support providers). Research on social learning theory and trickle-down effects (Chen et al., 2019; Mawritz et al., 2012), vicarious moral licensing (Effron & Monin, 2010; Kouchaki, 2011; Nguyen, 2021) and network complicity (Cunningham et al., 2021) converge on the notion that followers can do their powerful leaders’ bidding – whether that be abuse or support. Second, despite the dyadic ESM design—separate mentor and mentee reports across the day—same‑day causal ordering remains inferential, and unobserved daily events may have affected outcomes (Podsakoff et al., 2003). Third, unlike the results of our previous research on the HARM measures which found alarmingly high rates of daily experiences of HARM (almost 37%), including sexual harassment and racial mistreatment (citation withheld for peer review), those rates were very low in Study 2. The recruitment method used for Study 2, wherein mentors were contacted first and asked to recruit two mentees to the study, may have yielded a sample of mentors who were motivated to demonstrate positive mentoring behaviors. Even so, those mentors did have daily fluctuations in power which had consequences for their mentees. Furthermore, the low base rates of daily reports of sexual harassment and racial mistreatment precluded us from conducting a multilevel mediation analysis on those outcome variables separately. Estimating complex indirect effects with low-incidence categorical outcomes can be highly sensitive to model specifications (McNeish et al., 2023; Preacher et al., 2010, 2016; Yuan & MacKinnon, 2009). Nonetheless, Study 1 provides evidence that mentors’ daily feelings of power has the capacity to affect their intentions to engage or restrain from engaging in HARM (or at least sexual harassment), suggesting that future research along these lines of inquiry are warranted. Finally, the NIH‑funded academic context may limit generalizability to other sectors, and our state measures of sexy‑powerful and communal feelings—though psychometrically supported—are self‑reports rather than behavioral indicators. Future research in other contexts is warranted. Conclusions In conclusion, our research demonstrates that mentors’ daily experiences of power can simultaneously foster allyship and inflict harm on mentees. Recognizing and managing these paradoxical dynamics is essential for creating academic and work environments that are not only safe but also inclusive and supportive of all trainees and followers. Declarations Author Contribution MSS: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, resources, supervision, validation, visualization, writing – original draft AEM: data curation, formal analysis, project administration WW: software, formal analysis, validation, writing – review and editing ACK: conceptualization, funding acquisition, writing – review and editing Acknowledgement We thank Darius Washington, Tuyen Dinh, Breianna Mildor, Chinelo Nnatabeugo, Julia Smotkin, & Maddison Davila for their assistance with literature reviews and curation of the samples for Study 2. We thank Randal Roper for his support of the team and mentoring insights throughout the duration of this project, and we thank Christopher O. L. H. Porter for his friendly review and helpful insights. Data Availability All data supporting the findings of our studies are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information. 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Supplementary Files SImoderatedparallelmediationMplusCodeandOutput.zip Study1PilottestofPowerActivation.sav SIResearchMeasures.docx Study2PairedDataESM.sav Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8642999","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":596945867,"identity":"64231565-47c0-4fbc-9e26-efa9f88c5aa9","order_by":0,"name":"Margaret S. 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Kimble-Hill","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indiana University Indianapolis","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ann","middleName":"C.","lastName":"Kimble-Hill","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-19 21:08:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8642999/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8642999/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":103731495,"identity":"d1308cbc-cd28-4688-93cc-b9f618d177ad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-02 09:16:00","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":445790,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eConceptual Model of the Influence of Mentors’ Daily Power Activation on Mentees’ Daily Experiences through Three Psychological Pathways\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8642999/v1/83ea050a6d927bcaf66e4677.jpeg"},{"id":104399795,"identity":"eeb0c6d6-489e-4b8f-817a-083b8ecde0c5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:07:38","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":114054,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 1: Mediation effects of power activation on self-reports of sexual harassment intentions through sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote. B = Unstandardized coefficients\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8642999/v1/e7bbe6950fd5211865fc725c.png"},{"id":104400072,"identity":"601b9d95-b9a9-4b1f-b19b-baffe654fd91","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:08:44","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":112390,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 2, Within-Dyad Parallel Mediation Model for HARM, n=202\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: B = Unstandardized coefficients\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8642999/v1/218f691554bdca69d9f00b7c.png"},{"id":104400257,"identity":"879bb556-c472-40ac-8b72-15b1994a4f16","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:09:22","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":129645,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 2, Within-Dyad Parallel Mediation Model for Incivility, n=202\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: B = Unstandardized coefficients\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8642999/v1/9b2436a4da0de8e42e25eff0.png"},{"id":103731498,"identity":"3fbdbc0e-b28a-4b12-b0bb-1995d5a69b29","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-02 09:16:00","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":116405,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 2, Within-Dyad Parallel Mediation Model for Allyship, n=202\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: B = Unstandardized coefficients\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8642999/v1/a337f82934effaf83b657a66.png"},{"id":104834893,"identity":"09b7b132-a09e-4032-b2f4-704a297336ae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 17:35:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2990005,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8642999/v1/ff71bfcd-07f7-4be8-9ecd-faac71c6ceef.pdf"},{"id":104400050,"identity":"e2bdd408-dbde-4a99-b9b8-69dbb452411b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:08:41","extension":"zip","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":371653,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SImoderatedparallelmediationMplusCodeandOutput.zip","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8642999/v1/bff93c92caa85c1e45253548.zip"},{"id":104400255,"identity":"3306d3bb-3ad9-47ac-a5db-e368e7d47e79","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:09:22","extension":"sav","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":122791,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Study1PilottestofPowerActivation.sav","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8642999/v1/52a05e37d8db71ddeaa2c195.sav"},{"id":104399968,"identity":"3336a802-a2e8-44cb-a79d-c55ae10117d6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:08:20","extension":"docx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":60558,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SIResearchMeasures.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8642999/v1/87fd271d16e0f96faa355eb3.docx"},{"id":104399862,"identity":"2c1ba896-0bbc-445c-a802-16db2d89da6e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:07:53","extension":"sav","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":288507,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Study2PairedDataESM.sav","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8642999/v1/e32bb56bacb944c9e662dbcf.sav"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Double-Edged Power of Mentors Power: Daily Fluctuations in Mentors’ Power Affects Mentees’ Experiences of HARM and Allyship","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eSexual harassment, racial harassment, microaggressions, and incivility are not anomalous breakdowns of professional conduct; rather, they are predictable manifestations of power asymmetries embedded within gendered and racialized social systems. Feminist scholars have long argued that sexual harassment, in particular, is fundamentally an abuse of power rather than an expression of sexual desire (Acker, 1999, 2006; MacKinnon, 1979, 1987). From this perspective, harassment, microaggressions, and selective incivility function as mechanisms of social control\u0026mdash;reinforcing gender hierarchies, policing status boundaries, and preserving patriarchal privilege in workplaces and educational institutions. These abuses thus emerge not simply from individual dispositions but from structural arrangements that normalize inequality and confer impunity on those at the top of social hierarchies (Cortina et al., 2013; Fitzgerald et al., 1997).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuch of this work has relied on macro-level frameworks, such as white supremacist patriarchy, to explain how systems of power shape gendered and racialized harm (hooks, 2000). In contrast, we examine how these structural forces are enacted in situ through leaders\u0026rsquo; daily, intraindividual experiences of power. Specifically, we investigate how momentary power activation shapes both harmful and protective behaviors toward subordinates, linking sociological accounts of domination to psychological processes unfolding in everyday interactions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHARM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA substantial body of research demonstrates that gendered and racialized power relations give rise to multiple, overlapping forms of interpersonal mistreatment in workplaces and academic settings, including sexual harassment, racial harassment, racial microaggressions, and selective incivility. Sexual harassment\u0026mdash;defined as behavior that derogates, demeans, or humiliates an individual based on sex (Berdahl, 2007; see also EEOC, 1997; Fitzgerald et al., 1995)\u0026mdash;occurs at higher rates among women than men, with women of color experiencing especially high levels of racialized sexual harassment (Buchanan \u0026amp; Fitzgerald, 2008; Buchanan, Settles \u0026amp; Hall et al., 2018; Cortina, 2001; U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board [MSPB], 2022). Racial and ethnic minority employees and students also experience higher rates of racial microaggressions (Sue et al., 2007) and selective incivility \u0026ndash; subtle, routine disrespect disproportionately directed at marginalized groups that functions as a covert form of discrimination (Cortina et al., 2013; Spanierman et al., 2020).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese experiences are associated with significant psychological, physical, and professional consequences, including anxiety, depression, burnout, diminished organizational commitment, academic disengagement, and career withdrawal (Chan et al., 2008; Cortina et al., 2013; Lui \u0026amp; Quezada, 2019; Raver \u0026amp; Nishii, 2010; Willness et al., 2007). Mistreatment also affects those who are not direct targets: observing harassment or incivility undermines perceptions of safety, fairness, and belonging, signaling that power is exercised arbitrarily and unjustly (Chrobot-Mason et al., 2013; Glomb et al., 1997). Conversely, allyship behaviors by those in authority\u0026mdash;protecting, advocating for, and amplifying marginalized voices\u0026mdash;promote psychological safety and engagement and may buffer the effects of discrimination for both beneficiaries and observers (Bjerkestrand et al., 2026).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom an intersectional perspective, categorical distinctions among forms of mistreatment are often artificial for targets. Women of color may experience racial microaggressions that are sexualized (e.g., sexual objectification of a Black person\u0026rsquo;s body; Eshelman et al., 2023), sexual harassment that is racialized (e.g., displaying sexualized ethnic cartoons and drawings; Buchanan et al., 2018), and incivility that signals both gendered and racial exclusion (e.g., silencing minority voices; Cortina et al., 2013). Treating sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility as separate outcomes risks obscuring their shared etiology and underestimating the cumulative burden of interpersonal harm faced by marginalized individuals (Cortina et al., 2013; Hershcovis \u0026amp; Reich, 2013; Lim \u0026amp; Cortina, 2005). Accordingly, we adopt an integrative construct \u0026ndash; HARM (Harassment and Racial Mistreatment), broadened to include selective incivility \u0026ndash; to capture a coherent domain of power-infused mistreatment unified by its function: enforcing status boundaries and reproducing gendered and racialized hierarchies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcademic Mentoring as a Gendered Power Relationship\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcademic and research training environments provide a particularly consequential context for examining these dynamics. Mentorship relationships are inherently hierarchical: mentors control access to funding, authorship, professional networks, and career advancement (Committee on the Impacts of Sexual Harassment in Academia, 2018). These asymmetries are magnified in science, technology, engineering, math and medicine (STEMM) fields, where women and scholars from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups remain numerically scarce and culturally marginalized (Aycock et al., 2019; Clancy et al., 2017; Moss \u0026amp; Mahmoudi, 2021). Such conditions heighten vulnerability to HARM and reduce the likelihood that targets will report mistreatment or be believed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the same time, academic mentors are often idealized as benevolent caregivers and celebrated as high-status \u0026ldquo;stars,\u0026rdquo; creating a paradox in which individuals viewed as exemplary leaders may wield extraordinary, relatively unchecked power over trainees (Aguinis et al., 2018; Lechuga, 2011). Drawing on this context, we conceptualize power as an amplifier of salient motives that catalyzes both harmful and protective behavior. We propose three psychological mechanisms\u0026mdash;sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings, and moral crediting\u0026mdash;through which mentors\u0026rsquo; daily power activation shapes mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences, along with identity-based and contextual moderators. Using a dyadic experience-sampling design preceded by a psychometric pilot study, we examine in real time how mentors\u0026rsquo; daily experiences of power shape mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences of HARM and allyship in academic training environments. Figure 1 provides a conceptual framework for our studies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePower as a Psychological Amplifier\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePower has long been recognized as a psychological catalyst that can corrupt judgment and behavior. Kipnis\u0026rsquo;s (1972; Kipnis et al., 1976) theory of the metamorphic effects of power argues that power inflates self-importance and erodes regard for others, fostering coercive and exploitative behavior. Extending this view, Keltner et al.\u0026rsquo;s (2003) Approach\u0026ndash;Inhibition Theory of power posits that power activates the Behavioral Activation System (BAS; Gray, 1990), increasing sensitivity to rewards, risk-taking, and disinhibition. Powerholders thus become more approach-oriented, pursuing self-serving goals with reduced social constraint \u0026ndash; a pattern linked to unethical behavior, abusive supervision, and incivility (Cheng et al., 2020; Foulk et al., 2018; Zhang \u0026amp; Wei, 2024). Social distance theory (Lammers et al., 2012; Magee \u0026amp; Smith, 2013) further suggests that power attenuates empathy and perspective taking, enabling objectification and interpersonal disregard. Importantly, these processes unfold within gendered and racialized systems that shape whose power is legitimized and whose harm is minimized \u0026ndash; conditions that can magnify the consequences of power for women and other marginalized groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSexy-Powerful Feelings as a Corruptive Pathway to HARM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExperimental research demonstrates that power increases sexual goal activation and attraction, heightens reward sensitivity for norm-violating or sexualized stimuli, and strengthens approach-oriented impulses (Galinsky et al., 2003; Gruenfeld et al., 2008; Lammers \u0026amp; Maner, 2016). Power also heightens perceptions of one\u0026rsquo;s own desirability and reduces inhibition toward pursuing sexualized or dominance-oriented behavior (Kunstman \u0026amp; Maner, 2011; Smith \u0026amp; Bargh, 2008; Xiao et al., 2019). We describe this affective fusion as sexy-powerful feelings \u0026ndash; a psychological state in which approach motivation and sexual arousal co-occur. In hierarchical relationships, sexy-powerful feelings may distort leaders\u0026rsquo; perceptions of subordinates, prompting sexualized interpretations of neutral interactions and behaviors that cross professional boundaries. In mentoring and supervisory contexts, where dependence and power asymmetry are pronounced, power activation may therefore heighten self-focused attention, objectification, and disinhibition. These dynamics, in turn, increase the likelihood of harassment, racialized microaggressions, and incivility, i.e., HARM. Thus, consistent with classic theories of power\u0026rsquo;s corruptive effects, we hypothesize that leaders\u0026rsquo; daily activation of power fosters mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences of HARM via sexy-powerful feelings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis 1: Mentors\u0026rsquo; daily activation of power increases mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences and observations of harassment, racial mistreatment, incivility, and total HARM, mediated by mentors\u0026rsquo; sexy\u0026ndash;powerful feelings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePower as Amplifying Both Egocentric and Communal Motives\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough classic perspectives emphasize corruption, contemporary views highlight power\u0026rsquo;s paradoxical effects. Guinote\u0026rsquo;s theory of power as activating, wanting, and goal seeking reframes power as a psychological amplifier (Guinote, 2017). Power energizes approach motivation, increasing persistence and decisiveness; critically, it amplifies the active self rather than a single motive. Thus, multiple motives\u0026mdash;both egocentric and communal\u0026mdash;may be activated simultaneously. Mentors may, in the same day, experience impulses toward exploitation alongside heightened responsibility for stewardship. This dual activation helps explain why power can produce both harmful and prosocial outcomes in close temporal proximity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen prosocial goals like mentoring support are salient, power can direct approach motivation toward responsibility, fairness, and protection (Chen et al., 2001). Mentors who construe power as responsibility are more likely to protect subordinates from incivility (Hershcovis et al., 2017), distribute resources fairly (Scholl et al., 2018, 2022), and foster cooperative climates (Tost \u0026amp; Johnson, 2019). C\u0026ocirc;t\u0026eacute; et al. (2011) found that power increases empathic accuracy among individuals with prosocial orientations, suggesting that power can sharpen\u0026mdash;rather than dull\u0026mdash;interpersonal attunement under specific motivational conditions. Inclusive leadership has also been linked to belongingness and psychological safety (Li \u0026amp; Tang, 2022; Randel et al., 2018). Allyship behaviors, including advocacy, sponsorship, and amplifying marginalized voices, can be understood as concrete enactments of responsibility-focused power (Kossek et al., 2024). Consistent with communal orientation theory, social roles emphasizing care and interdependence strengthen prosocial motivation and align with prescriptive expectations that mentors will nurture and protect mentees (Diekman et al., 2010, 2011). Accordingly, we expect mentors\u0026rsquo; daily power activation to reduce HARM and increase allyship through communal feelings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis 2: Mentors\u0026rsquo; daily activation of power decreases mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences and observations of harassment, racial mistreatment, incivility, and total HARM, mediated by mentors\u0026rsquo; communal feelings.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Hypothesis 3: Mentors\u0026rsquo; daily activation of power increases mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences of allyship, mediated by mentors\u0026rsquo; communal feelings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMoral Licensing and Moral Crediting as a Paradoxical Pathway\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe simultaneous activation of egocentric and communal motives creates space for paradoxical outcomes. Moral licensing theory holds that when individuals (or those around them) view themselves as moral, caring, or responsible, they may feel entitled to subsequently engage in misconduct without threatening their self-image (Lin et al., 2016; Miller \u0026amp; Effron, 2010). In other words, responsibility-focused power may not only inspire benevolence but also license harm. Lin et al. (2016) theorized and operationalized moral licensing in leadership contexts via the notion of moral credits\u0026mdash;the belief that prior ethical or responsible behavior accrues a \u0026ldquo;credit\u0026rdquo; that can later be spent, implicitly or explicitly, to justify transgressions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsistent with this logic, Stockdale, Dinh, and colleagues demonstrated that priming responsibility-focused power increased communal feelings but also heightened moral crediting beliefs, which in turn predicted intentions to engage in transgressive conduct, including intentions to sexually harass (Dinh et al., 2022; Stockdale et al., 2019). Other work similarly suggests that prior prosocial activity (e.g., corporate social responsibility) can license workplace deviance (Loi et al., 2020), and that ethical or responsible leadership may create conditions under which leaders feel (or are granted) latitude to engage in abusive supervision (Wang \u0026amp; Chan, 2019). In mentoring contexts, moral licensing may be especially pernicious because mentoring is normatively framed as benevolent; prior acts of support can therefore provide both psychological and reputational cover that reduces scrutiny and facilitates mistreatment. Accordingly, we hypothesize that mentors\u0026rsquo; daily power activation increases mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences of HARM via moral crediting beliefs..\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis 4: Mentors\u0026rsquo; daily activation of power increases followers\u0026rsquo; experiences and observations of harassment, racial mistreatment, incivility, and total HARM, mediated by mentors\u0026rsquo; moral crediting beliefs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoundary Conditions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough power can activate egocentric, communal, and moral licensing motives, the extent to which each pathway dominates depends on who holds the power, who the target is, and the surrounding social context. We propose that identity-based and contextual moderators shape (a) the extent to which mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation triggers sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings, or moral crediting and (b) the extent to which power activation translates into mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences of HARM and allyship (hereinafter hypotheses regarding HARM include separate analyses on the components of HARM). When power is enacted across minoritized contexts for mentees, by culturally advantaged mentors, or in climates that normalize mistreatment, power activation should more strongly elicit sexualized construals (Kunstman \u0026amp; Maner, 2011), motivation to care (Overbeck \u0026amp; Park, 2006), and moral crediting (Lin et al., 2016). We also leave open the possibility of conditional direct effects, reflecting mediators beyond those specified here.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMentee Identity Moderators\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA robust body of research indicates that marginalized groups are disproportionately vulnerable to HARM. Women experience sexual harassment at higher rates than men in workplace and academic contexts (Committee on the Impacts, 2018; Street et al., 2007; MSPB, 2022), and Black, Latinx, and Asian women are especially likely to encounter racialized harassment (Buchanan et al., 2018; Buchanan \u0026amp; Ormerod, 2002; Cortina, 2001). Racial minorities also face heightened exposure to microaggressions (Spanierman et al., 2020), and identity-neutral mistreatment such as incivility is disproportionately directed toward marginalized groups through selective incivility (Cortina et al., 2013). When leaders feel powerful in a self-focused way (e.g., through sexy-powerful feelings), they may increase their psychological distance and decrease empathic concern toward followers (Lammers et al., 2012; Magee \u0026amp; Smith, 2013). Power-approach theory further suggests that activated power disinhibits internal states, making their behavioral expressions more potent for marginalized mentees (Gruenfeld et al., 2008). Social role theory and research on benevolent sexism indicate that the expression of communion among powerful individuals is contingent on target gender, particularly in hierarchical, male-typed domains such as academic research (Diekman \u0026amp; Clark, 2012; Eagly \u0026amp; Wood, 2012; Shnabel et al., 2016). Accordingly, we propose that the effects of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on communal feelings are moderated by mentee gender, such that power-activated communion may be more readily directed toward women mentees, and potentially racial minorities who also occupy subordinated identities in the eyes of powerholders which activate their benevolent, communal feelings. \u0026nbsp;There is less theoretical and empirical guidance on target gender or minority race status as moderators of the effects of power on moral licensing or moral crediting beliefs. On the one hand, moral licensing permits prejudicial judgments based on race, (Effron et al., 2009), but no such bias based on gender (Giurge et al., 2021). Together, these perspectives imply stronger effects of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on the psychological states that mobilize both HARM and prosocial behaviors (e.g., allyship) toward women and underrepresented minorities, particularly for sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings. \u0026nbsp;We explore whether mentee gender and underrepresented minority status moderates the effect of moral crediting and its downstream consequences for HARM and allyship.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis 5: Mentee gender moderates the effects of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on their (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting, which in turn impact mentees\u0026rsquo; (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences, such that effects are stronger for women than men.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis 6: Mentees\u0026rsquo; racial minority status moderates the effects of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on their (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting, which in turn impact mentees\u0026rsquo; (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences, such that effects are stronger for underrepresented minority mentees than for others.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMentor Identity Moderators\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMentors\u0026rsquo; social identities also condition how power is experienced and expressed. Men are more likely than women to engage in sexual harassment (U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, 2022) and may face fewer social penalties for self-assertive behavior (Brescoll, 2011; Okimoto \u0026amp; Brescoll, 2010). In contrast, women and racial-minority mentors often face greater backlash for dominance (Livingston et al., 2012; Rosette et al., 2008), which may temper egocentric impulses and strengthen communal motives. Accordingly, male and majority-race mentors should exhibit stronger activation of sexy-powerful feelings and stronger direct effects on HARM. Conversely social identity theory suggests that women face stronger role-based expectations to enact care, responsibility, and relational maintenance (Eagly \u0026amp; Wood, 2012) which may be amplified when they feel powerful (Guinote, 2017). These pressures may also be stronger for minority race mentors who may face less opposition to engaging in communal behaviors than more agentic, sexy-powerful behaviors. The extant research on moral licensing effects shows no gender or race or actor differences in susceptibility to moral licensing (Blanken et al., 2015; Effron et al, 2009; Monin \u0026amp; Miller, 2001). Together, this research supports hypotheses that mentor gender and mentor underrepresented minority status moderates the effects of power activation on sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings, which affect downstream consequences on mentees\u0026rsquo; HARM and allyship experiences. We explore whether mentor gender and underrepresented minority status moderates the effect of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on moral crediting beliefs and its downstream consequences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis 7\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e Mentor gender moderates the effects of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting beliefs which in turn positively predicts mentees\u0026rsquo; (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences, such that effects for sexy-powerful feelings are stronger for male mentors than female mentors; the effects for communal feelings are stronger for female mentors than male mentors; and the effects for moral crediting may or may not be affected by mentor gender.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis 8: Mentor racial minority status moderates the effects of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on (a) sexy-powerful, (b) communal feelings and (c) moral crediting beliefs feelings which in turn predicts mentees\u0026rsquo; (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences, such that effects for sexy-powerful feelings are stronger for well-represented mentors than underrepresented minority mentors; the effects for communal feelings are stronger for underrepresented minority mentors than well-represented mentors; and the effects for moral crediting may or may not be affected by mentor underrepresented minority status.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eContextual Moderators\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRelational demography theory suggests that group composition shapes identity salience and vulnerability (Tsui \u0026amp; O\u0026rsquo;Reilly, 1989; Riordan, 2000). In male-dominated environments, women experience heightened exposure to sexual harassment due to numerical scarcity, increased visibility, and masculine norms that marginalize or sexualize them (Fitzgerald et al., 1999; Gutek, 1985; Ragins \u0026amp; Scandura, 1995). Racial minorities who are tokens or \u0026ldquo;the only\u0026rdquo; experience greater microaggressions and scrutiny (Sol\u0026oacute;rzano et al., 2000), and selective incivility (Cortina et al., 2013) may intensify in contexts where individuals are numerically isolated. These contexts may therefore heighten the downstream consequences of mentors\u0026rsquo; activated power states.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis 9: The extent to which mentees are gender minorities in their lab moderates the effects of the mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting beliefs, which in turn impacts mentees\u0026rsquo; (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences such that the effects are stronger when mentees are numerically minoritized based on gender in their research training (e.g., lab) setting\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis 10: The extent to which mentees are racial minorities in their lab moderates the effects of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting beliefs, which in turn impacts mentees\u0026rsquo; (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences such that the effects are stronger when they are numerically minoritized based on race in their research training (e.g., lab) setting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, climate matters. Organizational tolerance for sexual harassment (OTSH; Hulin et al., 1996) is a strong predictor of harassment experiences (Willness et al., 2007) because it signals that powerful perpetrators will not be punished, and targets will not be believed. Extending this logic, we propose that shared perceptions that harassment, racial mistreatment and incivility are tolerated \u0026ndash; collectively labeled lab tolerance for HARM (LTH) \u0026ndash; will condition the effects of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on HARM and allyship.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis 11: Lab tolerance for HARM exacerbates (or buffers) the effects of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation (a) sexy-powerful feelings, (b) communal feelings, and (c) moral crediting, which in turn impact mentees\u0026rsquo; (i) HARM and (ii) allyship experiences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary and the Present Research\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClassic and contemporary theories converge on the view that power is neither uniformly corrupting nor uniformly benevolent but functions as a psychological amplifier of salient motives. Foundational perspectives\u0026mdash;including Kipnis\u0026rsquo;s metamorphic effects of power, power\u0026ndash;approach theory (Keltner et al., 2003), and social distance theory (Lammers et al., 2012; Magee \u0026amp; Smith, 2013)\u0026mdash;demonstrate that power increases self-focus, reduces empathy, and facilitates exploitative behavior. In contrast, goal-amplifier and communal orientation theories (Diekman et al., 2010, 2011; Guinote, 2017) suggest that power can heighten responsibility motives, energizing care and fairness when prosocial goals are salient. Integrating these traditions with moral licensing theory (Miller \u0026amp; Effron, 2010), our framework proposes that responsibility-focused power may paradoxically enable misconduct when prior benevolence provides moral \u0026ldquo;credit,\u0026rdquo; a dynamic with particular implications for women and other structurally marginalized individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe examine academic research mentorship as a theoretically consequential context for studying these processes because of the hierarchical and career-relevant nature of their interactions. Using a 10-day dyadic experience-sampling method (ESM), supplemented by a pilot study validating daily measures of power activation, HARM, and allyship, we examine how mentors\u0026rsquo; daily psychological feelings of power shape mentees\u0026rsquo; lived experiences of HARM and allyship in real time.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Study 1","content":"\u003cp\u003eResearch on ephemeral power states typically uses priming methods to induce feelings of power (Bargh et al., 1995; S. Chen et al., 2001; Galinsky et al., 2003). More recent work by Stockdale and colleagues asked participants to imagine a day when they felt powerful in either a self-focused or responsibility-focused manner (or no-power control) to examine effects on sexual-harassment intentions (Dinh et al., 2022; Stockdale et al., 2019). These studies show that sexy-powerful feelings mediate the effects of self-focused power (Stockdale et al., 2019), whereas communal feelings and moral crediting mediate the effects of responsibility-focused power (Dinh et al., 2022) on harassment intentions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo assess naturally occurring (not-primed) power-activation states, we first developed a brief measure that asks participants to rate the extent to which they feel powerful in a self-focused or responsibility-focused way on the day of the survey, and we assessed the scale\u0026rsquo;s psychometric properties including its reliability and its construct validity in relation to individual-difference variables associated with power, including Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy; Paulhus \u0026amp; Williams, 2002), dominance (Wiggins et al., 1988), positive affect (Watson et al., 1988), and sexy-powerful and communal feelings (Stockdale et al., 2019). This design also enabled preliminary hypothesis testing examining whether daily self-focused and responsibility-focused power predict sexual-harassment intentions via sexy-powerful and communal feelings, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethod\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eParticipants\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne hundred and one adult participants who were currently working at least part-time were recruited from Amazon\u0026rsquo;s MTurk through CloudResearch\u0026rsquo;s Mturk toolkit platform in the fall of 2021. One participant was eliminated for providing a nonsensical response to a question about the nature of the study (48% men; 51% women; 9% Hispanic, 83.7% nonHispanic White, 10.5% nonHispanic Asian, 4.7% nonHispanic Black, 5% more than one race. The average age was 39.8 years (SD = 11.16). Most participants\u0026rsquo; highest level of education was a bachelor\u0026rsquo;s degree (46%); and most were employed for pay full time (88%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMeasures and Procedure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDaily \u003cem\u003epower activation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ewas measured with a 12-item self-report measure that captures both self-focused, ego-centric feelings of power (6 items: Today, I have power over other people; Today I feel powerful; Others are treating me today as someone who has power; Today, I am able to control others\u0026rsquo; ability to get what they want; Today, my evaluations of other people will affect them; Today, I am able to control significant resources for other people), and other-focused, responsibility-based feelings of power (6 items: Today, I have responsibility over other people; Today, I feel responsible for others; Others are treating me today as someone who has responsibility over them; Today, my actions will affect other people; Today, I need to look out for the welfare of another person or people; Today, I have responsibilities for resources or opportunities for other people). Respondents rated the extent to which they agreed with each statement on a scale ranging from (1) \u003cem\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/em\u003e to (5) \u003cem\u003eStrongly Agree\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDark Triad\u003c/em\u003e was measured with a 27-item scale which measures endorsement of Machiavellianism (e.g., Most people can be manipulated), narcissism (e.g., People see me as a natural leader), and psychopathy (e.g., Payback needs to be quick and nasty) (Jones \u0026amp; Paulhus, 2014). We created a single \u003cem\u003eDark Triad\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003escale by averaging the three Dark Triad trait scales, which has been validated in prior research (McLarnon \u0026amp; Tarraf, 2017) on a scale ranging from (1) \u003cem\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/em\u003e to (5) \u003cem\u003eStrongly Agree.\u003c/em\u003e State \u003cem\u003epositive affect\u003c/em\u003e was measured with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988; e.g., \u0026ldquo;enthusiastic, interested) on a scale ranging from (1) \u003cem\u003every slightly or not at all\u003c/em\u003e to (5) very much.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDominance\u003c/em\u003e was measured with a 16-item scale measuring dominant, non-submissive personality (Wiggins et al., 1988). Participants rated the extent to which a series of adjectives described them on a scale from (1) \u003cem\u003edoes not describe me at all\u003c/em\u003e to (7) \u003cem\u003edescribes me very well.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eSample items were firm, forceless (reverse coded), dominant, and unauthoritative (reverse coded).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSexy-powerful feelings\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ewere measured with an 8-itemscale developed by Stockdale et al. (2019), in which respondents rated the extent to which they are feeling powerful, competitive, deserving recognition, high status, distinctive, desirable, hot, and appealing. \u003cem\u003eCommunal feelings\u003c/em\u003e were measured with a five-item scale modified from Diekman et al., (2011), in which participants rated the extent to which they were feeling caring, connected to others, helpful, altruistic, and responsible for others. Responses to items on both scales ranged from (1) \u003cem\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/em\u003e to (5) \u003cem\u003eStrongly Agree\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSexual harassment intentions\u003c/em\u003e were measured with a modification of The Workplace Crush Scenario (Williams et al., 2017), in which participants imagined being attracted to a coworker (Matt for female participants/Melanie for male participants) who is not responding to their flirtation. The scale was modified from its original set of 40 items to a reduced set of 10 items by domain sampling a full range of unwanted sexual attention behaviors from \u0026ldquo;I will touch Melanie\u0026rsquo;s (Matt\u0026rsquo;s) arm when speaking to her (him)\u0026rdquo; to \u0026ldquo;I will invite Melanie (Matt) to have sex in my private office.\u0026rdquo; The scale also includes 16 \u0026ldquo;foil\u0026rdquo; (non-harassing) items that were not analyzed. The shortened scale has been used in previous research (Author\u0026rsquo;s name removed for blind review). Participants rated how likely they would be to engage in various behaviors. Responses were recorded on scales ranging from (1) \u003cem\u003enot at all likely\u003c/em\u003e to (7) \u003cem\u003every likely\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eSH Intentions\u003c/em\u003e is the average of ratings of the inappropriate items.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants completed all measures in a single, online session. They were compensated for completing the study with a $1.00 Amazon gift card. The research was approved by our Institutional Review Board as an exempt protocol and was in compliance with APA ethical standards for the treatment of human participants. Participants read an informed consent statement before agreeing to participate in the study. Study materials and the dataset can be found in the online supplement. Clinical trial number: not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe factor structure of the 12 state power activation items was assessed with a principal axis factor analysis. One factor was extracted, accounting for 66.83% of the variance. Loadings of the items on the factor ranged from 0.65 (Today, I need to look out for the welfare of another person or people) to 0.90 (Today, I am able to control significant resources for other people). The unitary structure of this factor was also found with a maximum likelihood factor analysis, which extracted a single factor accounting for 66.80% of the variance. A unitary scale measuring \u003cem\u003epower activation\u003c/em\u003e was created by averaging responses to the 12 powerful feelings items, \u0026alpha; = 0.96.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe factor structure of the 12 items measuring sexy-powerful feelings and the 5 items measuring communal feelings was assessed with a principal axis factor analysis with oblimin rotation. Two factors emerged accounting for 60.7% of the variance. Items loading on factor 1 included all of the sexy-powerful feelings items and one item from communal feelings \u0026ndash; altruistic. Factor loadings ranged from 0.49 (altruistic) to 0.96 (deserving recognition). Items loading on factor 2 included the remaining communal feeling items, with loadings ranging from 0.49 (responsible for others) to 0.90 (helpful). The scale \u003cem\u003esexy-powerful feelings\u003c/em\u003e was computed as the average of the 8 sexy-powerful feelings, \u0026alpha; = 0.92; and the scale \u003cem\u003ecommunal feelings\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ewas composed of the 5 communal feeling items including altruism, \u0026alpha; = 0.86. The exclusion of altruistic from this scale did not increase alpha.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1 presents the means, standard deviations, reliabilities, and inter-correlations among the study variables. All variables were strongly intercorrelated (with minor exception). Notably power activation was significantly positively associated with sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings, Dark Triad beliefs, dominance, positive affect, and SH intentions, supporting the convergent validity of the power activation scale. To further assess the pathway between power activation and intentions to engage in sexual harassment we conducted a mediation analysis with parallel mediators: sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings. This test was conducted with Hayes\u0026rsquo; Process macro for SPSS v.4.2 (Hayes, 2022). The indirect effects were estimated with bias-corrected bootstrapping with 5000 resamples. 95% confidence intervals of the indirect effect that do not include the value 0 indicate significant effects. The results are displayed in Figure 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 1, Means, SDs, Observed Range, Skew, Kurtosis, Reliabilities (\u0026alpha;), and Intercorrelations among Study Variables, n=100\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInter-correlations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(a)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(b)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(c)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(f)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(a) Power activation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(0.96)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(b) \u0026nbsp; Sexy-Powerful Feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(0.92)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(c) \u0026nbsp; Communal Feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(0.86)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(d) \u0026nbsp; Dark Triad\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(0.89)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(e) \u0026nbsp; Dominance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(0.91)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(f) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Positive Affect\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(0.93)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(g) \u0026nbsp; SH Intentions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(0.95)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.04\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.46\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObserved range\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00 - 5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00 - 4.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00 - 5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.59 - 4.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29 -7 .00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00 - 5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00 - 6.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: Coefficient alpha reliability (\u0026alpha;) is presented in the diagonal, italicized. SD = standard deviation, SH = sexual harassment; \u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; .001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePower activation was significantly positively associated with sexy-powerful feelings and with communal feelings (see Figure 2). Accounting for communal feelings, sexy-powerful feelings significantly positively predicted sexual harassment intentions; likewise, accounting for sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings were \u003cem\u003enegatively\u003c/em\u003e associated with sexual harassment intentions. The 95% confidence interval of the indirect effect of power activation on sexual harassment intentions through sexy-powerful feelings was positive and did not include 0.0, and the 95% confidence interval of the indirect effect through communal feelings was negative and did not include 0.0. Accounting for both sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings, the direct effect of power activation on sexual harassment intentions was marginally significant (all unstandardized betas, p values, and confidence intervals for the indirect effedts are shown in Figure 2). The model explained 49% of the variance in sexy-powerful feelings, 42% of the variance in communal feelings, and 28% of the variance in sexual harassment intentions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe conducted an exploratory analysis to assess whether gender of participant moderated the mediated effects described above, removing the one participant who identified as other gender. \u0026nbsp;This test was conducted with the Hayes\u0026rsquo; Process macro allowing gender to moderate both the paths between power activation and each of the mediators and to moderate the conditional direct effect of power activation on sexual harassment intentions. The statistical results are displayed in Figure 2. Gender did not moderate either of the paths between power activation and sexy-powerful feelings, \u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e = -0.04 (se = 0.14), \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.778; nor the path between power activation and communal feelings; \u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e = -0.09 (se = 0.15), \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.539; hence the indirect paths through each of these mediators were not different for female and male participants. However, there was a marginally significant interaction with gender on the conditional direct effect, \u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e = -0.49, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.055. For women, the direct effect was not significant, \u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e = 0.11, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .627; but for men, the direct effect was significantly positive, \u003cem\u003eb\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e= 0.60, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.010. The model explained 53% of the variance in sexy-powerful feelings, 40% of the variance in communal feelings, and 32% of the variance in SH intentions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study provides validation evidence for a self-report measure of power activation that encompasses both self-focused and responsibility-focused powerful feelings as an internally consistent, unitary construct. Power activation was significantly associated with other individual differences associated with power, including positive affect, dominance, and Dark Triad tendencies. Moreover, it was associated with intentions to engage in sexual harassment, which was stronger for men than for women. Through sexy-powerful feelings, power intentions facilitated intentions to engage in sexual harassment, whereas through communal feelings, power intentions curtailed those intentions. These differential effects support a dualistic model of power in which both transgressive and avoidance of transgression toward others can emanate from an actor\u0026rsquo;s activation of power.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Study 2","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur main study was a 10-day ESM with pairs of faculty mentors and one of their graduate student or post-doctoral researcher mentees. A second mentee was recruited to obtain an independent assessment of the lab (or training program) climate. We collected mentors\u0026rsquo; self-reports of power activation and measures of the proposed mediators (sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings, and moral crediting) during the day and then in the evening we measured the mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences or observations of HARM and allyship they experienced that day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was part of a larger ESM study to examine both the effects of mentors\u0026rsquo; daily activation on mentees\u0026rsquo; HARM and allyship experiences and the impact on those experiences on mentees\u0026rsquo; attitude toward their program and commitment to persist. \u0026nbsp; A manuscript describing the latter impacts has been accepted for publication elsewhere (citation withheld for peer review). The HARM and allyship measures, as well as the mentee demographic variables are common to both projects, but the theoretical foundations for the two projects are different, making a single manuscript incorporating both sets of impacts unwieldy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eParticipants\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe randomly sampled 9,000 principal investigators funded by a research grant from the National Institutes of Health (\u0026ldquo;Mentors\u0026rdquo;) from the online RePORTER database (reporter.nih.gov) from 27 Institutes across three recruitment waves (Spring 2023, Fall 2023, Spring 2024), excluding those who were unaffiliated with academic institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 359 mentors completed an enrollment survey listing their research trainees (4% response rate). Nineteen mentors who listed fewer than two mentees were excluded. For each remaining mentor, we randomly selected and recruited two mentees\u0026mdash;oversampling women and racial/ethnic groups underrepresented in biomedical research (i.e., groups other than White or Asian). One mentee was randomly assigned as the \u003cem\u003eprimary mentee\u003c/em\u003e and completed 10 daily surveys; the other served as the \u003cem\u003esecondary mentee\u003c/em\u003e and completed a single survey assessing lab tolerance for HARM.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe final sample included 202 mentor\u0026ndash;primary mentee dyads (59% response rate from eligible mentor sample), with 128 dyads providing matched secondary-mentee climate ratings. This sample size exceeds recommendations for organizationally based ESM studies (Gabriel et al, 2019). Demographic and contextual characteristics appear in Table 2. Mentors and primary mentees received a $150 gift card for completing at least 70% of daily surveys, and secondary mentees received a $10 gift card for completing the climate survey. All procedures were approved by the university\u0026rsquo;s Institutional Review Board and complied with APA ethical standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 2: Demographic and Institutional \u0026amp; Lab Characteristics of Mentors, Primary Mentees, and Secondary Mentees\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"636\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentors\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en=202\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary Mentees\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=202\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary Mentees\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en=174\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Man\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 90 (44.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 56 (27.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;37 (21.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Woman\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 100 (49.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 142 (70.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;132 (75.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Other\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4 (2.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 5 (2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHispanic (yes)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 34 (17.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;22 (12.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRace\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; American Indian/Alaskan Native\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;1 (0.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Asian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 33 (15.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 59 (29.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;52 (30.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Black\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 4 (1.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;16 (8.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 10 (5.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; White\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 152 (75.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;104 (52%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;98 (56.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Race not listed, or did not wish to provide\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 8 (4.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;20 (9.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 14 (8.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eURM status\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e (yes)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 18 (8.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 35 (17.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;24 (13.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary Rank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Assistant Professor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 55 (27.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Associate Professor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 85 (42.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Professor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 51 (25.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary Position\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Department Chair or Equivalent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 1 (0.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Other Administrative Appointment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 1 (0.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTenure Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Tenured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 123 (60.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Pre-tenured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 66 (32.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Not applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 3 (1.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInstitutional Carnegie Rank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; R1: Very High Research Activity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 168 (83.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; R2: High Research Activity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;13 (6.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Master\u0026rsquo;s colleges and universities-larger programs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;6 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Other\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4 (2.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eRespondents could select more than one race and there were missing data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eCategorized as URM (underrepresented minority) if participant identified as Hispanic/Latino, not White, not Asian or not White-Asian.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eDue to a data error, we lost the demographic data of the sample of secondary mentees who were matched with primary mentees and mentors. The percentages reported here are based on the full sample of secondary mentees regardless of being matched and used in the final analysis (n=174).\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMeasures and Procedures\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMentors completed an enrollment survey, intake survey, and daily surveys. Primary mentees completed an intake survey and daily surveys. Secondary mentees completed an intake survey. All surveys were completed online using the Qualtrics survey platform. The measures in each are described below. All measures for all samples are available in the online supplement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mentors\u0026rsquo; enrollment survey gathered interest in participating in the ESM study and contact information for their mentees. Eligible mentors were those for whom we could recruit at least one mentee to participate. Next, these mentors completed an intake survey assessing their demographic and institutional characteristics. Personal items included gender identity, Hispanic or Latine origin, race (multiple selections allowed), and U.S. citizenship. Professional items captured current university position (e.g., assistant professor, professor, department chair; multiple selections permitted), tenure status, years in rank, years at the institution, institutional Carnegie Classification (e.g., R1: Doctoral Universities \u0026ndash; Very High Research Activity), and minority-serving designation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor ESM studies with frequent assessment, researchers are advised to use shortened scales to reduce survey fatigue (Gabriel et al., 2019). The daily surveys completed by mentors were assessed with shortened versions of the scales developed and validated in study 1. Items, sources, scaling, and previous estimates of reliabilities of these measures are found in Table 3. Each day for 10 days consecutively (excluding the weekend), mentors completed brief, online scales assessing \u003cem\u003epower activation, sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ecommunal feelings, and \u0026nbsp; moral crediting\u003c/em\u003e. Mentors received a daily email message at 8:00 am in their time zone with a link to their survey to complete by 4:00 pm. Both mentors and mentees were assured that they would not see each other\u0026rsquo;s survey responses and that no reports of these data would be identifiable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 2: Items for daily measures completed by mentors and mentees\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eItems\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResponse Scale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrior reliability estimates (source)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 817px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDaily surveys completed by mentors:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePower Activation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Today I have power over other people.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Today I am able to control significant resources for other people.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Today I have responsibility over other people.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Today I have responsibilities for resources or opportunities for other people.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudy 1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha; = .92 (Study 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoral Crediting\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Acting responsibly for others builds up my moral credits.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Each responsible deed I performed today adds to my moral credits.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLin et al. (2016)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha; = .73 (prior study, citation withheld for peer review)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSexy-Powerful Feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Desirable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Appealing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Powerful\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;High status.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudy 1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 = Very slightly/not at all to 5 = Very much\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha; = .91 (Study 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCommunal Feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Caring\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Connected to others\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Responsible for others\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Helpful.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudy 1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 = Very slightly/not at all to 5 = Very much\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha; = .86 (Study 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 817px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDaily Measures completed by mentees:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSexual Harassment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Engaged in sexist behavior toward me or others.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Engaged in sexually crude behavior toward me or others.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Gave me unwanted sexual attention.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Implied differential treatment if we cooperated sexually.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStark et al. (2002), SEQ\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 = Not at all;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 = Probably/not sure; 2 = Yes, definitely\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha; = 0.65-0.71 (citation withheld for peer review)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRacial Mistreatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Engaged in racist behavior toward me or others.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Engaged in racially crude behavior toward me or others.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Made assumptions that I or other minorities were inferior.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Treated minorities as second-class citizens.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Invalidated minority experiences.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Was subtly aggressive toward minorities.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Ignored minorities or made them feel invisible.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCortina (2001); Nadal (2011)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 = Not at all;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 = Probably/not sure; 2 = Yes, definitely\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha; = 0.89-0.93 (citation withheld for peer review)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncivility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Put me down or was condescending toward me or others.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Paid little attention to my or others\u0026rsquo; opinions.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Addressed me or others in unprofessional terms either publicly or in private.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLim \u0026amp; Cortina (2005)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 = Not at all;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 = Probably/not sure; 2 = Yes, definitely\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha; = 0.84-0.85 (citation withheld for peer review)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHARM Composite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSum of all sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility items.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 = Not at all;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 = Probably/not sure; 2 = Yes, definitely\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha; = 0.86-0.91 (citation withheld for peer review)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAllyship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Supported me in a significant way.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Showed me that they were an ally toward me.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Stepped in to intervene against mistreatment toward me or other lab mates.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Mentored me.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAshburn-Nardo et al. (2008)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 = Not at all;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 = Probably/not sure; 2 = Yes, definitely\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 163px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha; = 0.71-0.72 (citation withheld for peer review)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary and secondary mentees completed an \u003cem\u003eintake survey\u003c/em\u003e that measured demographic variables (gender, race/ethnicity, citizenship status) with the same items as used for the mentor intake survey. Primary mentees also completed measures of \u003cem\u003elab gender\u003c/em\u003e (Fitzgerald et al., 1997), the extent to which the people working with their primary research mentor are (1) \u003cem\u003eone or very few people of the same gender as them\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eto (5) \u003cem\u003eall or almost all of the same gender as them\u003c/em\u003e (the midpoint was \u0026ldquo;about the same number of people with the same gender as me as well as people with a different gender than me\u0026rdquo;). \u003cem\u003eLab race\u003c/em\u003e was measured with a similar scale replacing gender with \u0026ldquo;race/ethnicity.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLab Tolerance for HARM\u003c/em\u003e (LTH), assessed with the intake survey, was measured with a 10-item scale adapted from Organizational Tolerance for Sexual Harassment scale (Goldberg et al., 2019; Hulin et al., 1996; Williams et al., 1999) and was completed by both primary and secondary mentees in their intake survey. Definitions of sexual harassment, racism, racial harassment, microaggression, and incivility were provided. Sample items were \u0026ldquo;My mentor/PI enforces policies against (a) sexual harassment, (b) racism, racial harassment, or racial microaggressions (racial mistreatment), and (c) incivility\u0026rdquo; (reverse scored); and \u0026ldquo;A person who complains of (a) sexual harassment, (b) racism, racial harassment, or racial microaggressions, and (c) incivility or bullying in my lab faces risks. Participants rated each item for each form of HARM on scales ranging from (1) \u003cem\u003enot at all\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eto (5) \u003cem\u003eall the time\u003c/em\u003e. LTH was computed as the average of all 10 items across each domain (sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility (30 items total; \u0026alpha;= 0.93 for primary mentees and \u0026alpha; = 0.96 for secondary mentees).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo assess whether LTH had climate-level properties of consensus among group members (Klein \u0026amp; Kozlowski, 2000), we correlated the primary and secondary mentees\u0026rsquo; LTH scores (\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e = 0.25, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e =0.004, n=125), computed James et al.\u0026rsquo;s (1984) within-group interrater agreement index (\u003cem\u003er\u003csub\u003ewg\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.= 0.93), and the two-way mixed effects intraclass correlation for absolute agreement (\u003cem\u003eICC\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e = 0.74, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; .001). These statistics support LTH as a climate-level variable. We used the primary mentees\u0026rsquo; LTH scores in the remaining analyses because using an aggregated measure would only be available for 125 primary mentees.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the same day as their mentor, the primary mentee completed their daily survey prompted by an email message that arrived at 5:00 pm in their time zone within instructions to complete the survey by 10:00 pm. Daily HARM experiences (sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility) and allyship experiences were measured with shortened versions of validated measures of each type of experience that were developed and validated in a previous study (citation withheld for peer review). Table 3 summarizes the items, original source, response scales, and reliabilities established in previous research for each measure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA measure reflecting the combination of all negative experiences (harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility) was created by summing responses to all mentee negative experience items and was labeled \u003cem\u003eHARM\u003c/em\u003e. A prior study with a different sample of NIH-funded graduate students and post-doctoral fellows found that these measures were reliable and could detect HARM experiences on one of two days, ten days apart. Indeed, in that study, almost 37% experienced at least one incident of HARM on either of these days, and experiences of HARM on day 1 were negative associated with attitudes toward the program, including commitment to staying with the program, 10 days later (citation withheld for peer review).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research was approved by our Institutional Review Board as an exempt protocol and was in compliance with APA ethical standards for the treatment of human participants. Participants read an informed consent statement before agreeing to participate in the study. Clinical trial number: not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalyses\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) with random effects and Bayes estimator\u0026nbsp;(Preacher et al., 2010, 2016; Yuan \u0026amp; MacKinnon, 2009)\u0026nbsp;was used in Mplus 8.9 (Muth\u0026eacute;n \u0026amp; Muth\u0026eacute;n, 2023) to test the hypotheses, allowing us to (a) account for the clustered nature of the data, (b) separate the within- (level 1) and between-dyads (level 2) data, (c) appropriately deal with missing data, (d) perform latent mean centering of the within-level variables which is more accurate than observed mean centering. In addition, HARM was analyzed as binary since rates of incidents were low. In fact, as detailed below in the results section, the mean and variance on sexual harassment and racial mistreatment was 0 on some days and less than 5 on five days, precluding within-level analyses on those outcomes. Those experiences were included in the HARM composite, however. The binary outcomes for incivility and HARM were handled using probit regression in MSEM\u0026nbsp;(McNeish et al., 2023), which assumes a continuous latent variable underlying each outcome. Consequently, the parameters related to each binary outcome capture relationships associated with this underlying latent variable. Allyship was modeled as a continuous outcome in MSEM. We note that HARM and Incivility were highly correlated with each other at both the within and between-dyad level (see Table 5 below), hence the output is highly redundant. We present the analyses with incivility only in order to examine how this form of mistreatment, separate from other forms of HARM, was affected by mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation and their resulting psychological process (sexy-powerful feelings, etc.). We had intended to do the same for sexual harassment and racial mistreatment, but the low incident rates precluded those analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe first examined a parallel mediation model for HARM, incivility, and allyship at within-dyad levels. Following Preacher et al. (2010), the within-dyad effects involved in a mediational pathway were allowed to be random across individuals, and the covariance between the random effects was also estimated. The corresponding mean within-level indirect effect was then computed as the sum of the product of the mean effects and their covariance. For properly testing the significance of indirect effects, we used 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) credible intervals (CIs), which are asymmetrical and comparable to bootstrapping confidence intervals. Specifically, an indirect effect would be significant at p \u0026lt; .05 if the corresponding 95% CI excluded 0.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter testing the parallel mediation models, we then included each of the seven moderators separately (i.e., lab gender, lab race, and mentor and mentee\u0026rsquo;s gender and URM status, as well as LTH; all are between-level variables) to examine whether any of them moderated the effects of power activation at the within- dyad level (i.e., cross-level interactions) in the parallel mediation models. Significant interaction effects were probed using the pick-a-point approach\u0026nbsp;(Bauer \u0026amp; Curran, 2005). With this approach, the effect of power activation was examined at low (mean \u0026ndash; 1SD), medium (mean), and high (mean + 1SD) levels of a significant interval-scaled moderator. All analyses were tested with time spent in the lab with their mentor as a covariate. There were no substantial differences in the results, therefore we report the findings without this covariate. The dataset and MPlus code for the ESM analyses can be found in the online supplement.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDescriptive Statistics and Preliminary Analyses\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe descriptive statistics of the model variables are presented in Table 4. For within-dyad level variables, as they have daily measures over 10 days, we reported their mean and range of occurrence rates (frequencies) for binary outcomes, and average and range of means and SDs over 10 days for continuous variables (i.e., the predictor, mediators, and allyship). As mentioned above, mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences of sexual harassment and racial mistreatment were very low on two or more days. Except for day 1, the prevalence of sexual harassment experiences ranged from 0.0% to 2.0% across the ten days, and the prevalence of racial mistreatment ranged from 1.5% to 4.0%. Therefore, we did not conduct multilevel mediation analyses on these outcomes separately. However, they were included in the HARM composite. Table 4 reports the intra-class correlations (ICCs) of each within-dyad measure. As shown in Table 4, ICCs ranged from .28 to .87, indicating substantial clustering (Chen \u0026amp; Chen, 2021), which warrants multilevel modeling. For between-dyad level variables, Table 4 reports the descriptive information for between level variables including means (which are proportions for dichotomous variables), SDs, and alpha (for LTH, only).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 2: Descriptive Statistics for within- and between-dyad variables, n=202 dyads\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 438px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRanges across 10 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlpha\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eICC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en-Within Dyads\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWithin-dyad variables (possible range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentee SH (0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-10 (0.0% - 4.98%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00 - 0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00 - 0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e* - 0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentee RM (0-14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4-20 (1.49% - 9.90%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02 - 0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15 - 1.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02 - 0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentee Incivility (0-6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2-39 (1.00% - 19.31%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03 -0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16 - 0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e* - 0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1486\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentee HARM (0-28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5-47 (2.49% - 23.27%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10 - 0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44 - 2.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38 - 0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1486\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentee Allyship (0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61-169 (54.95% - 83.66%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12 - 4.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.35 - 3.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74 - 0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentor Power (1-5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.75 - 3.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66 - 0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71 - 0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentor SxPw Feel (1-5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.74 - 2.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81 - 0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84 - 0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentor Comm. Feel (1-5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.92 - 4.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66 - 0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77 - 0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentor Mor. Cred. (1-5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.31 - 3.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.16 - 1.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 - 0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 328px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetween-dyad variables (possible range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 328px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLab Gender (1-5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 328px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLab Race (1-5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 328px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLTH (1-5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 328px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentee Gender (Man) (0-1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 328px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentor Gender (Man)\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e(0-1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 328px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentee URM (URM) (0-1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 328px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentor URM (URM) (0-1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes\u003csup\u003e:\u003c/sup\u003e *alpha could not be computed due to zero or one observation(s) on one or more days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003eFrequencies are recorded for Mentee experiences only and reflect the number of mentees (% of total sample) who scored 1 or more on any item on the relevant experience scale.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003en\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eWithin-dyad observations are calculated as the number of pairs of mentors and mentees who provided data on the relevant outcome variable across 10 days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eN/A- due to low means, variances, or alphas on more than one day, this outcome was not included in the ESM analyses, therefore ICCs and within-dyad observations were not calculated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMentee experience variables were computed as sums of the scores for each item in the scale. Mentor variables were computed as the mean of the items on the scales. SH=Sexual Harassment, RM = Racial Mistreatment, SxPw Feel = sexy-powerful feelings; Comm. Feel = communal feelings. Mor. Cred. = moral crediting, LTH = Lab Tolerance for HARM, URM = underrepresented minority (race other than White only, Asian only, White-Asian, or is Hispanic).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe within-level and between-level correlation matrix is shown in Table 5. Of interest among these correlations, although not the focus of our research, the average correlation among HARM and mentee URM status was nearly significant, \u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e = 0.31, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .054, indicating that URM mentees were more likely than nonURM mentees to experience HARM across the 10 days. This is also echoed in the significantly negative correlation between HARM and Lab Race, \u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e = -.42, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; .001, which indicates that across the 10 days, HARM was high for mentees whose race was a minority in their lab. Both HARM and Incivility were strongly correlated with LTH, \u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e = .61, \u003cem\u003ep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; .001, \u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e = .62, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; .001, respectively, consistent with past research showing that organizational tolerance for sexual harassment is a strong predictor of harassment experiences (Willness, et al., 2007). Moral crediting was positively correlated with mentor URM status, \u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e = 0.52, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; .001, indicating that URM mentors, compared to others, rated themselves higher on moral crediting beliefs. We have no explanation for this finding.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 2: Within -level (Level 1) and Between-level (Level 2) Correlations, n=202\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"821\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(a)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(b)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(c)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(f)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(h)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(i)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(j)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(k)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(l)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(m)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(n)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 262px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWithin-level (Level 1) Measures\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(a) \u0026nbsp; HARM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.85\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.23\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.42\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.61\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(b) \u0026nbsp; Incivility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.98\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.25\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.27\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.62\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(c) \u0026nbsp; Allyship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.24\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.20\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.17\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(d) \u0026nbsp; Power Activation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.60\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.51\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.43\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(e) \u0026nbsp; SxPw Feel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.41\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.43\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.45\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(f) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Communal Feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.51\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.55\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.37\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(g) \u0026nbsp; Moral Crediting\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.10\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.24\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.20\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.23\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 262px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetween-level (Level 2) measures\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(h) \u0026nbsp; Lab Gender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.14\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.52\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(i) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Lab Race\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.61\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 169px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(j) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;LTH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.18\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(k) \u0026nbsp; Mentor gender (male)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(l) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Mentor URM (URM)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.46\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 262px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(m) \u0026nbsp;Mentee gender (male)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 262px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(n) \u0026nbsp; Mentee URM (URM)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Within-level correlations are shown below the diagonal and between-level correlations are shown above the diagonal. SxPw Feel = sexy-powerful feelings; LTH = Lab Tolerance for HARM; URM = Underrepresented Minority.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;p\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; .05 or lower.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eHypothesis Testing\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe present parallel mediation analyses without moderators at the within-dyad level to test hypotheses 1-4. A within-dyad effect represents how the deviation of an individual\u0026rsquo;s status on a variable from its typical/average value would affect the deviation of another variable across days. The analyses were then replicated with the moderator variables to test hypotheses 5-11. Results are presented by outcome variable (HARM, incivility, and allyship).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHARM.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe results of the parallel mediation model predicting mentees\u0026rsquo; \u003cem\u003eHARM\u003c/em\u003e experiences are presented in Figure 3. Power activation significantly affected all three mediators. Specifically, an increase in power activation was significantly associated with an increase in mentors\u0026rsquo; communal feelings, sexy-powerful feelings, and moral crediting (see statistical results in the figures). However, among the three mediators, only sexy-powerful feeling significantly predicted HARM, albeit in a negative direction, holding the other mediators and power activation constant. This indicates that an increase in sexy-powerful feelings was associated with a decrease in HARM. Consequently, only the indirect effect of power activation on HARM via sexy-powerful feeling was negative and significant, indicating that power activation increased sexy-powerful feelings which in turn decreased HARM, contrary to Hypothesis 1. This analysis also did not support hypothesis 2 for the HARM outcome. After accounting for the mediators, the direct effect of power activation on HARM was not significant. At the within-dyad level, the model accounted for 26.7% of variance in communal feelings, 20.9% of variance in sexy-powerful feelings, 15.5% variance in moral crediting, and 22.4% variance in HARM.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-level moderation analyses between the level-2 moderators (between dyad variables) and the level-1 (within dyad) mediators and HARM are presented in Table 6. Among all the moderation effects examined, three were found to be significant. The first is the moderation effect of lab gender on the direct effect from power to HARM (see Table 6). We thus examined the direct effect at low (-1SD, 2.25), medium (mean, 3.54), and high (+1SD, 4.83) values of lab gender and found that the effects were -0.16 (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .46), 0.23 (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .12), and 0.64 (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .01), respectively, indicating that the direct effect of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on HARM became more positive as lab gender increased, and it was only significant when lab gender was high, suggesting that mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation was more likely to affect mentees\u0026rsquo; HARM experiences in labs dominated by the same gender as the mentee, contrary to our prediction that mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation would have more deleterious effects on mentees when mentees were a gender minority in their lab. This finding addresses hypothesis 9 although the effect was opposite than hypothesized.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecond, mentors\u0026rsquo; gender moderated the within-dyad relationship between mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation and communal feelings (see Table 6), such that the effect of mentors\u0026rsquo; daily power activation on communal feelings was more positive for female mentors, \u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e = 0.61, \u003cem\u003ep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; .001) than male mentors, \u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e = 0.44, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; .001, supporting hypothesis 7(b). The within-dyad indirect effects via communal feelings on HARM, however, were non-significant for both male and female mentors because of the non-significant effect of communal feelings on HARM (see Figure 3), which does not support hypothesis 7(b)(i).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThird, mentors\u0026rsquo; gender moderated the relationship between mentors\u0026rsquo; daily power activation and sexy-powerful feelings (see Table 6), such that the effect of power on sexy-powerful feelings was also more positive for female mentors, \u003cem\u003eb\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e= 0.50, p \u0026lt; .01, than male mentors, \u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e = .33, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; .01. Consequently, the within-dyad indirect negative effect of power activation on HARM via sexy-powerful feelings was stronger for female mentors, \u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e = -.26, 95% CI [-.46, -.08], than male mentors, \u003cem\u003eb\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e= -.18, 95% CI [-.34, -.06]. This finding is opposite of our prediction in hypothesis 7(a)(i).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 2: Moderators on the effects of power embodiment (x) for HARM, n=202\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModeration effect\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePosterior SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 26px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% credible interval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026beta;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elower limit\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eupper limit\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1) \u0026nbsp;Lab Gender on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ex --\u0026gt; HARM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.32\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.05\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.58\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.67\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2) \u0026nbsp;Lab race on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; HARM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3) Mentor\u0026rsquo;s Gender (Man)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.17\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.07\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.03\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.29\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.17\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.07\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.31\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.03\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; HARM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4) \u0026nbsp;Mentor\u0026apos;s URM status (URM) on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; HARM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5) \u0026nbsp;Mentee\u0026apos;s gender (Man) on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; HARM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6) \u0026nbsp;Mentee\u0026apos;s URM status (URM) on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; HARM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7) \u0026nbsp;Lab tolerance of HARM on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; HARM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes for Tables 6-8: \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003ePosterior SD is the standard deviation of the posterior distribution of a parameter obtained through Bayesian estimation. It serves a similar\u0026mdash;though not equivalent\u0026mdash;role as the standard error in the frequentist statistical framework. b and \u003cem\u003e\u0026beta; denote unstandardized and standardized coefficients,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003erespectively. For dichotomous moderator variables, the term in parentheses represents the group with the higher dummy code. Significant moderators are emphasized with boldface. URM = underrepresented minority.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIncivility.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe results for the within-dyad parallel mediation of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on mentees\u0026rsquo; \u003cem\u003eincivility\u003c/em\u003e found significant effects of power activation on all three mediators with similar estimates and significance as the result for HARM experiences (see Figure 4). In addition, when holding other mediators constant, each mediator significantly predicted incivility: communal feelings and moral crediting were positively associated with incivility and sexy-powerful feelings was negatively associated with incivility (see Figure 4). Consequently, all three indirect effects were significant (see Figure 4). These indirect effects indicate that although power activation increased incivility via increased communal feelings or moral licensing, it decreased incivility via increased sexy-power feelings. Partialing out these indirect effects, power activation did not have a significant direct effect on incivility. The results for communal feelings and sexy-powerful feelings are opposite of our predictions for hypothesis 1 (that power activation would increase incivility via sexy-powerful feelings) and hypothesis 2 (that power activation would decrease incivility via communal feelings), but they support hypothesis 4 (that power activation would increase incivility via moral crediting). At the within-dyad level, the model accounted for 26.9% of variance in communal feelings, 20.1 of variance in sexy-powerful feelings, 15.1% variance in moral crediting, and 34.6% variance in incivility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding cross-level interactions, presented in Table 7, the power activation \u0026times; mentor gender \u0026nbsp;interactions on communal feelings and on sexy-powerful feelings are redundant with those presented in Table 6. The within-dyad indirect effect of power activation on incivility via communal feelings was stronger for female mentors, \u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e =.28, 95% CI [.05, .50]. than male mentors, \u003cem\u003eB\u003c/em\u003e = .20, 95% CI [.04, .40]; and the within-dyad indirect effect of power activation on incivility via sexy-powerful feelings was stronger for female mentors, \u003cem\u003eB\u003c/em\u003e = -.29, 95% CI [-.51, -.06], than male mentors, \u003cem\u003eB\u003c/em\u003e = -.20, 95% CI [-.38, -.05].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 2: Moderators on the effects of power embodiment (x) for incivility, n=202\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModeration effect\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePosterior SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 27px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% credible interval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026beta;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elower limit\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eupper limit\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1) \u0026nbsp;Lab gender on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; incivility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2) \u0026nbsp;Lab race on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; incivility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3) \u0026nbsp;Mentor\u0026apos;s gender (man) on\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.17\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.07\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.31\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.04\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.29\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.17\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.07\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.31\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.04\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.29\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; incivility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4) \u0026nbsp;Mentor\u0026apos;s URM status (URM) on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; incivility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5) \u0026nbsp;Mentee\u0026apos;s gender (man) on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; incivility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6) \u0026nbsp;Mentor\u0026apos;s URM status (URM) on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; incivility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7) \u0026nbsp;Lab tolerance of HARM on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; incivility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAllyship.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe results for the within-dyad parallel mediation analyses for \u003cem\u003eallyship\u003c/em\u003e suggested significant effects of power activation on all three mediators with similar estimates and significance as the result for HARM (see Figure 5). In addition, moral crediting significantly positively predicted allyship. Consequently, there was a positive indirect effect of power on allyship via moral crediting. Partialing out the indirect effects, power activation did not have a significant direct effect on allyship. At the within-dyad level, the model accounted for 26.4% of variance in communal feelings, 20.0 of variance in sexy-powerful feelings, 15.1% variance in moral crediting, and 9.5% variance in allyship.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe two cross-level moderation effects of mentor gender \u0026times; power on communal feelings and on sexy-powerful feelings) shown in previous analyses (see Table 8). were also present when the outcome was allyship, such that the effects were stronger for female mentors than for male mentors. The indirect effects via the two mediators, however, were non-significant for both male and female mentors because of the non-significant within-dyad effects of these mediators on allyship. In addition, LTH moderated the within-dyad direct effect of power activation on allyship. We examined the direct effect at low (-1SD, 1.06), medium (mean, 1.67), and high values (+1SD, 2.27) of LTH, and found that the effect was -0.06 (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .64), 0.09 (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .30), and 0.25 (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .03), respectively, indicating that the direct effect of mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation on mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences of allyship became more positive as LTH increased, and it was only significant when LTH was high.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy 2, Moderators on the effects of power embodiment (x) for allyship, n=202\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModeration effect\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePosterior SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 26px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% credible interval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026beta;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elower limit\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eupper limit\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLab gender on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; allyship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLab race on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; allyship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentor\u0026apos;s gender (man) on\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.16\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.07\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.03\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.29\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.03\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.32\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.18\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.06\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.00\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.05\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.36\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; allyship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentor\u0026apos;s URM status (URM) on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; allyship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentee\u0026apos;s gender (man) on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; allyship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMentee\u0026apos;s URM statis (URM) on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; allyship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLab tolerance of harm on\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; communal feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; sexy-powerful feelings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ex --\u0026gt; moral licensing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ex --\u0026gt; allyship\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.25\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.04\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.52\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.49\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudy 2 provides evidence that mentors\u0026rsquo; daily feelings of power shape mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences of harm and allyship in paradoxical ways. Consistent with theorizing that power serves as a psychological amplifier (Guinote, 2017; Keltner et al., 2003), power activation predicted multiple, often contradictory, psychological pathways. Sexy-powerful feelings, hypothesized to increase harmful outcomes, instead predicted lower rates of HARM. This result stands in contrast to research linking power with heightened sexual goal activation, over-perception, and objectification (Bargh \u0026amp; Raymond, 1995; Kunstman \u0026amp; Maner, 2011; Xiao et al., 2019). One possible explanation is that sexy-powerful feelings in academic contexts may reflect a sense of agency, which in some circumstances may reduce rather than increase mentees\u0026rsquo; mistreatment experiences (Lammers et al., 2011).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy contrast, communal feelings, typically associated with care and stewardship (C\u0026ocirc;t\u0026eacute; et al., 2011; Diekman et al., 2011; Hershcovis et al., 2017), showed a counterintuitive link with higher incivility. This dual effect suggests that although communal orientations can motivate inclusion and advocacy (Li et al., 2022; Randel et al., 2018), they may also justify behavior that others construe as incivility. \u0026nbsp;For example, a communally empowered mentor may believe that their \u0026ldquo;constructive feedback\u0026rdquo; is helping mentees; however, a mentee may experience it as rude or insensitive. Additionally, research finds that communal behaviors, such as providing assistance, can be motivated by benevolent sexism and thus interpreted by the recipient as uncivil (Shnabel et al., 2016).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMoral crediting, a form of moral licensing, displayed the most consistent pattern aligned with moral licensing theory (Effron \u0026amp; Monin, 2010). Mentors\u0026rsquo; power activation heightened moral crediting beliefs, which in turn predicted greater incivility and, unexpectedly, greater allyship. This paradox suggests that moral crediting may simultaneously justify misconduct \u0026ndash; a finding consistent with extensions of licensing research in organizational contexts (Dinh et al., 2022; Lin et al., 2016; Stockdale et al., 2019) \u0026ndash; but also energize prosocial acts, perhaps signaling a moral cleansing phenomenon (He et al., 2023; Perkins et al., 2024). It is also possible that other people in the lab may have sensed the potential for their mentors\u0026rsquo; moral-crediting induced power to cause harm to others and therefore stepped up to provide allyship. Another explanation is that moral crediting that is a function of power activation produces both positive and negative effects on mentees\u0026rsquo; experiences, consistent with the general theory forwarded in this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModeration analyses revealed that the effects of power activation on communal feelings and sexy-powerful feelings were stronger for female mentors than for male mentors; and the positive effect of power activation on mentees\u0026rsquo; HARM experiences were stronger when they were in gender majority contexts. Although these findings are counter to previous research showing that power cues are more likely to be activated by people who have predisposition toward power (such as men; Guinote, 2017) and with research on gender minoritized contexts for the experiences of sexual harassment (Kabat-Farr \u0026amp; Cortina, 2014; Larsson et al., 2023) and incivility (Cortina et al., 2001; 2013) it may be possible that when the work environment appears safe, with female mentors and female-dominated lab environments (for women), the insidious effects of power go unchecked. Future research is needed to understand how women mentors mobilize their power-induced psychological feelings in their treatment of others in their orbit.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"General Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAcross two studies, we examined how mentors’ daily power activation influences mentees’ exposure to HARM and allyship, integrating classic theories of power with contemporary amplification and licensing perspectives. Our findings reveal that mentor power is neither uniformly corrupting nor uniformly benevolent but functions as a dynamic amplifier of multiple, often conflicting, motives, which have immediate impacts on mentees.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudy 1 validated measures of daily power activation and demonstrated that both self-focused and responsibility-focused power predicted harassment intentions in opposing ways through sexy-powerful and communal feelings, respectively, using a correlational, self-report design. Study 2, using dyadic ESM, provided the most direct test of our theoretical model, showing \u003cem\u003ein situ\u003c/em\u003e that mentors’ daily power predicts mentee outcomes through paradoxical pathways: sexy-powerful feelings that unexpectedly reduced harm, communal feelings that both fostered allyship and predicted incivility, and moral crediting that licensed both harm and support. Study 2 adds substantially more evidence than study 1 of causal influences of mentors’ daily activation of powerful feelings on mentees’ experiences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheoretical Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research advances theorizing on power in hierarchical relationships in the broader context of gendered and racialized organizational structures by demonstrating that daily fluctuations in mentors’ activation of felt power transmit to mentees’ same‑day experiences through multiple, co‑active psychological pathways. Although our research setting was biomedical health research training environments, our findings should inform other settings where power relationships are salient, including, but not limited to business and government organizations.. Rather than treating power as a uniformly corrupting force, our findings align with perspectives that conceptualize power as a goal‑ and drive‑amplifier (Guinote, 2017; Keltner, et al., 2003), while still accommodating classic approach–inhibition dynamics (Kipnis, 1972; Kipnis et al., 1976). Study 2 revealed counterintuitive patterns but still supports a dualist model of power activation. Within and between dyads, mentors’ sexy-powerful feelings were associated with \u003cem\u003elower\u003c/em\u003e HARM and incivility. Because the positive influence of mentors’ power activation on sexy-powerful feelings occurred more strongly for female mentors, who are presumed to be less abusive than men, it is possible that female mentors regulated those feelings so that they manifested positive outcomes for their mentees (reduced HARM and incivility).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYet daily power activation also increased mentors’ communal feelings, especially for women, which led to \u003cem\u003egreater\u003c/em\u003e incivility experiences for their mentees. As speculated earlier, mentors’ daily communal feelings may have also triggered moral licensing effects which put mentees at risk for experiencing incivility. This is consistent with Dinh et al.’s (2022) experimental evidence where people primed with responsibility-focused power increased communal feelings, which in turn, increased moral crediting beliefs and then intentions to engage in sexual harassment.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe indirect effects of power activation on incivility and allyship through moral crediting beliefs may indicate that complex processes may have been activated. As mentioned above, others in the lab may have been offering allyship when the focal mentee was experiencing incivility (our study methods precluded identifying who was offering allyship). But it’s also possible that mentors’ moral crediting influences on mentees’ incivility may have triggered a moral cleansing effect (Zhong \u0026amp; Liljenquist, 2006) such that mentors attempted to make up for their incivility by offering allyship. Dynamic models that capture the cyclical nature of moral crediting and moral cleansing may help to unpack these complex relationships (Perkins et al., 2024). As Guinote (2017) theorized, power is an activating force that can energize self-relevant goal seeking, which can produce both damaging and supportive consequences for others. Our findings support this view.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross‑level interactions further clarify boundary conditions. In addition to the findings that power activation more strongly influenced both communal and sexy-powerful psychological states for women mentors than for man mentors discussed above, the direct power→HARM effect intensified when lab gender composition favored mentees’ gender. It may be possible that mentors did not regulate their potential power abuses when their mentees were not in tokenized positions. There has been significant attention paid to vulnerabilities, such as token status or being in male-dominated fields such as STEMM contexts due to publicized reports by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (Committee on the Impacts, 2018) and by the (past) director of the National Institutes of Health (Working Group, 2019), which our sample was likely aware of. Hence, while they may have been attuned to the potential for abuse of mentees who are in vulnerable circumstances, they may have been less attuned when they felt that they were not. We encourage future researchers to study the changing landscape of these vulnerabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePractical Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePractically, these findings argue for state‑sensitive, mechanism‑targeted leader development programs for mentors and others in authority, such as business leaders. Brief prompts into routine meetings for micro‑self‑regulation practices—such as decentering – a momentary pause to reflect on one’s inner states and impacts on others\u0026nbsp;(Bernstein et al., 2015; Mischkowski et al., 2012)\u0026nbsp;and perspective‑taking – putting oneself in another’s shoes\u0026nbsp;(Diehl et al., 2014; Todd \u0026amp; Galinsky, 2014)\u0026nbsp;– can blunt moral crediting and channel communal motives into steady, behaviorally specific support rather than paternalistic harmful acts. Leadership development framed through inclusive leadership can activate schemas of responsibility, fairness, and psychological safety while explicitly inoculating against licensing, leveraging evidence that inclusive leadership fosters belongingness and safety\u0026nbsp;(Li \u0026amp; Tang, 2022; Randel et al., 2018). Because mentors’ daily states affect mentees’ experiences within the same day, programs should institutionalize dyadic safeguards, such as multi‑mentorship constellations and easily accessible reporting mechanisms like pulse surveys and anonymous hotlines, so that support is robust to mentors’ momentary fluctuations in their feelings of power. These findings underscore the need for interventions that recognize the paradoxical nature of power. Leader training should also not only encourage communal orientations but also guard against moral licensing, which can justify misconduct under the guise of communal feelings\u0026nbsp;(Dinh et al., 2022). Likewise, interventions promoting allyship should be embedded in accountability systems that prevent misconduct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur research also supports our view that multiple forms of interpersonal mistreatment that target people with marginalized or vulnerable identities (e.g., women and URM) should be studied collectively. \u0026nbsp;Our composite measure of HARM was reliable but also allowed us to incorporate sexual harassment and racial mistreatment experiences and observations which were too infrequent to be studied separately. However, we also demonstrated the importance of separating the components of HARM, especially incivility, since it may be selectively targeted to minoritized individuals but also indiscriminately targeted to people regardless of their level of identity-based vulnerability. We encourage future research on HARM (which could be broadened to include other forms of interpersonal mistreatment, such as bullying, mobbing, and discrimination), while also studying those experiences independently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral limitations warrant caution. First, because we needed to keep our daily measures brief, we did not assess who in the lab may have been causing HARM or offering allyship. Nonetheless, mentors’ daily power activation impacted their mentees’ experiences even if they were not the perpetrators (or support providers). Research on social learning theory and trickle-down effects\u0026nbsp;(Chen et al., 2019; Mawritz et al., 2012), vicarious moral licensing\u0026nbsp;(Effron \u0026amp; Monin, 2010; Kouchaki, 2011; Nguyen, 2021)\u0026nbsp;and network complicity\u0026nbsp;(Cunningham et al., 2021)\u0026nbsp;converge on the notion that followers can do their powerful leaders’ bidding – whether that be abuse or support. Second, despite the dyadic ESM design—separate mentor and mentee reports across the day—same‑day causal ordering remains inferential, and unobserved daily events may have affected outcomes\u0026nbsp;(Podsakoff et al., 2003).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThird, unlike the results of our previous research on the HARM measures which found alarmingly high rates of daily experiences of HARM (almost 37%), including sexual harassment and racial mistreatment (citation withheld for peer review), those rates were very low in Study 2. The recruitment method used for Study 2, wherein mentors were contacted first and asked to recruit two mentees to the study, may have yielded a sample of mentors who were motivated to demonstrate positive mentoring behaviors. Even so, those mentors did have daily fluctuations in power which had consequences for their mentees. Furthermore, the low base rates of daily reports of sexual harassment and racial mistreatment precluded us from conducting a multilevel mediation analysis on those outcome variables separately. Estimating complex indirect effects with low-incidence categorical outcomes can be highly sensitive to model specifications (McNeish et al., 2023; Preacher et al., 2010, 2016; Yuan \u0026amp; MacKinnon, 2009). Nonetheless, Study 1 provides evidence that mentors’ daily feelings of power has the capacity to affect their intentions to engage or restrain from engaging in HARM (or at least sexual harassment), suggesting that future research along these lines of inquiry are warranted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, the NIH‑funded academic context may limit generalizability to other sectors, and our state measures of sexy‑powerful and communal feelings—though psychometrically supported—are self‑reports rather than behavioral indicators. Future research in other contexts is warranted.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, our research demonstrates that mentors\u0026rsquo; daily experiences of power can simultaneously foster allyship and inflict harm on mentees. Recognizing and managing these paradoxical dynamics is essential for creating academic and work environments that are not only safe but also inclusive and supportive of all trainees and followers.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMSS: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, resources, supervision, validation, visualization, writing \u0026ndash; original draft AEM: data curation, formal analysis, project administration WW: software, formal analysis, validation, writing \u0026ndash; review and editing ACK: conceptualization, funding acquisition, writing \u0026ndash; review and editing\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe thank Darius Washington, Tuyen Dinh, Breianna Mildor, Chinelo Nnatabeugo, Julia Smotkin, \u0026amp; Maddison Davila for their assistance with literature reviews and curation of the samples for Study 2. We thank Randal Roper for his support of the team and mentoring insights throughout the duration of this project, and we thank Christopher O. L. H. Porter for his friendly review and helpful insights.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll data supporting the findings of our studies are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAcker, J. (1990). 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Washing away your sins: threatened morality and physical cleansing. \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e313\u003c/em\u003e(5792), 1451\u0026ndash;1452. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1126/science.1130726\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1126/science.1130726\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"power, sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, incivility, allyship, experience sampling methodology","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8642999/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8642999/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePower asymmetries embedded in gendered and racialized social systems shape everyday interpersonal mistreatment in workplaces and academic training settings. How powerful states impact both positive and negative experiences for others in real time and place has not been rigorously examined. Advancing power-approach (Keltner et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e) and power-amplification (Guinote, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) theories, we develop and test a dual-activation perspective that mentors\u0026rsquo; daily felt power simultaneously energizes their self-focused (\u0026ldquo;sexy-powerful\u0026rdquo;) and responsibility-focused (communal) and morally licensing affective states that, in turn, shape mentees\u0026rsquo; daily experiences of sexual harassment, racial mistreatment, and incivility (labeled HARM) and allyship experiences.. In Study 1 (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;100 working adults), we validated a brief state measure of power activation and found that power was simultaneously associated with sexy-powerful feelings and communal feelings, which showed opposing indirect links to sexual-harassment intentions. In Study 2, we conducted a 10-day dyadic experience-sampling study of 202 pairs of NIH-funded academic mentors and their mentee. Multilevel structural equation models indicated that mentors\u0026rsquo; daily power activation increased sexy-powerful feelings, communal feelings, and moral crediting. Contrary to predictions, sexy-powerful feelings predicted \u003cem\u003elower\u003c/em\u003e HARM, whereas communal feelings and moral crediting predicted \u003cem\u003ehigher\u003c/em\u003e incivility; moral crediting also predicted higher allyship. Several effects were stronger for women mentors and varied with the lab\u0026rsquo;s gender composition and tolerance for HARM. Results highlight how power operates in real time, suggesting mechanism-targeted interventions that pair allyship promotion with accountability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Double-Edged Power of Mentors Power: Daily Fluctuations in Mentors’ Power Affects Mentees’ Experiences of HARM and Allyship","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-02 09:15:40","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8642999/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3441a7a3-5b46-4b26-8757-4353e120a9fb","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 2nd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-03T21:36:10+00:00","index":25,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-02T09:15:41+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-02 09:15:40","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8642999","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8642999","identity":"rs-8642999","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}