Static Short-Range Laser Circumferential Detection Using a Transmissive-Reflective Optical Architecture

Static Short-Range Laser Circumferential Detection Using a Transmissive-Reflective Optical Architecture | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Static Short-Range Laser Circumferential Detection Using a Transmissive-Reflective Optical Architecture Hong Chen, Bingting Zha, Zhen Zheng, He Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6427728/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To address the problem of short-range laser circumferential detection, this paper proposes a static detection method based on a transmissive-reflective combined optical system, building upon previous research on dynamic circumferential scanning mechanisms. In the transmissive-reflective optical system, the principle of equal energy distribution is applied to transform an incident Gaussian beam into a uniform-intensity conical detection beam capable of circumferential coverage. Based on laser near-field detection theory and the geometrical characteristics of the static detection field, the echo equation for single-pulse laser short-range detection using the transmissive-reflective combined optical system is derived, and a corresponding echo power distribution model is established. The effects of various parameters on the distribution of echo power in single-pulse laser short-range static circumferential detection are simulated and analyzed. The results indicate that the annular light radius at the focal plane and the beam tilt angle vary with changes in the moving distance and cone angle of the moving mirror within specified adjustment ranges. As the pulse laser emission power, cone angle of the conical moving mirror, moving distance, and target projection area increase, the amplitude of the pulse laser echo profile improves to varying degrees. The proposed short-range laser circumferential detection method expands the detection range, enhances accuracy and energy uniformity, and achieves low-power static omnidirectional detection, offering a novel and efficient solution for target circumferential sensing. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Applied optics/Optical sensors laser circumferential detection optical system defocus uniformity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 08 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 31 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Apr, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 22 Apr, 2025 Editor invited by journal 18 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 11 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6427728","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":446980891,"identity":"37d17e0a-e7a9-4ad1-8457-9d0c72bd90cc","order_by":0,"name":"Hong Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hong","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":446980893,"identity":"d51954ff-ad2d-4fdb-a39b-71457dbef51e","order_by":1,"name":"Bingting Zha","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfvbGxgcfKtjkGNsbiNQi2XO42XDGGT5j5p4DRGoxuJHeJs3bJpfIPiOBWC1nDjYbzmwzS+Cd+XjjDYYam2jCDjsO8su5tDzJ2WnFFgzH0nIbCGnhA9kyo+xYseHsHDMJxobDhLUw3Ehsk+Zh+5+4/+YZIrUIgLW0sSU2zuAhUotkD8hhZ9iMGXuAfkkgxi/87O0PoVF5eOONDzU2RPgFCRhIJJCiHKKFVB2jYBSMglEwMgAABedITztmnDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bingting","middleName":"","lastName":"Zha","suffix":""},{"id":446980895,"identity":"d14d9ada-0def-4335-9c1f-80404fa144ef","order_by":2,"name":"Zhen Zheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhen","middleName":"","lastName":"Zheng","suffix":""},{"id":446980897,"identity":"bd43ebb7-2a5c-4b44-b689-53a3cfc163f9","order_by":3,"name":"He Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"He","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-11 11:08:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6427728/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6427728/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07471-y","type":"published","date":"2025-07-07T15:56:50+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86699232,"identity":"8f03d0eb-0250-4c5e-949b-9030284bc0e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-14 16:02:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":954573,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ScientificReportsManuscriptR1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6427728/v1_covered_c5eb7b9d-ea32-414f-8a7a-6b510605e72f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Static Short-Range Laser Circumferential Detection Using a Transmissive-Reflective Optical Architecture","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"laser, circumferential detection, optical system, defocus uniformity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6427728/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6427728/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo address the problem of short-range laser circumferential detection, this paper proposes a static detection method based on a transmissive-reflective combined optical system, building upon previous research on dynamic circumferential scanning mechanisms. In the transmissive-reflective optical system, the principle of equal energy distribution is applied to transform an incident Gaussian beam into a uniform-intensity conical detection beam capable of circumferential coverage. Based on laser near-field detection theory and the geometrical characteristics of the static detection field, the echo equation for single-pulse laser short-range detection using the transmissive-reflective combined optical system is derived, and a corresponding echo power distribution model is established. The effects of various parameters on the distribution of echo power in single-pulse laser short-range static circumferential detection are simulated and analyzed. The results indicate that the annular light radius at the focal plane and the beam tilt angle vary with changes in the moving distance and cone angle of the moving mirror within specified adjustment ranges. As the pulse laser emission power, cone angle of the conical moving mirror, moving distance, and target projection area increase, the amplitude of the pulse laser echo profile improves to varying degrees. 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