Strain Wave Structure of Electron

Strain Wave Structure of Electron | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Strain Wave Structure of Electron Gurcharn Singh Sandhu, Ishaan Singh Dhindsa This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8531078/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 May, 2026 Read the published version in Frontiers in Physics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract By treating physical space as an elastic continuum, we show that all elementary particles and their fields can be represented by stress-strain wave packets and fields in the elastic space continuum. Standard dynamic equilibrium equations of elasticity reduce to vector wave equations involving displacement vectors in this continuum. In the process we have shown the equivalence between displacement vector U and the magnetic vector potential A and also shown that electromagnetic fields are manifestations of the stress-strain fields in the elastic space continuum. Structure of the electron is modeled on a spherically symmetric strain wave solution of the vector wave equilibrium equation. The solution consists of a central standing strain wave core of about 2 fm radius, surrounded by a radially decaying field of phase waves propagating outward for the positron and inwards for the electron. About 37.3% energy of the electron is contained in its wave field and rest in the central standing wave core. We have also derived Coulomb interaction between two electrons and verified the Coulomb’s law of electrostatics. The intrinsic electrostatic field, intrinsic spin and magnetic field effects of the electron have been derived from its strain wave structure. We have also verified Biot–Savart law for motion induced magnetic field. Physical Space Elastic Continuum Electromagnetic Field Electron Elasticity Coulomb Interaction Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 May, 2026 Read the published version in Frontiers in Physics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8531078","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":591913452,"identity":"d5224e28-856a-4fde-9356-a714944f38ed","order_by":0,"name":"Gurcharn Singh Sandhu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACZjiLt4FBDkQfeECKFmOwlgRStCQ2gBj4tMhH5D78XFBzL4+B//CzB293HE6fH3b4IdAWOzndBuxaDG+kG0vPOFZczCCRZm4498zh3I230wyAWpKNzQ7g0DIjjY2Zhy0hsUGCwUyatw2oZXYCSMuBxG14tfwDauE//g2kJd1wdvoHvFrkJYBaeNuAWhhywLYkyEvn4LfFgOcZszRvX0Jim0ROmeTctnTDDdI5BQcSDHD7Rb49jfEzz7eExH7+49sk3rZZy8vPTt/84UOFnRwuLQYwcTZUEQPsysG2NBAWGQWjYBSMgpEOAMWYXTgKmwNCAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Defence Research and Development Organisation","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gurcharn","middleName":"Singh","lastName":"Sandhu","suffix":""},{"id":591913453,"identity":"bcf0f690-85b0-4615-a6e6-677f177a32b6","order_by":1,"name":"Ishaan Singh Dhindsa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ishaan","middleName":"Singh","lastName":"Dhindsa","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-06 12:08:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8531078/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8531078/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2026.1811840","type":"published","date":"2026-05-12T00:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109281317,"identity":"3f0ebc5e-2c79-4091-bbbd-4ef82ef26caf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-14 17:59:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":660944,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Electronstructure.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8531078/v1_covered_339d1fd9-d754-48c0-bda6-6c8020d01371.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Strain Wave Structure of Electron","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Physical Space, Elastic Continuum, Electromagnetic Field, Electron, Elasticity, Coulomb Interaction","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8531078/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8531078/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBy treating physical space as an elastic continuum, we show that all elementary particles and their fields can be represented by stress-strain wave packets and fields in the elastic space continuum. 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