Top 50 Most Cited Studies in Upper Limb Compartment Syndrome: A Bibliometric Analysis

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Halawani, Abdulmalek W. Alhithlool, Lama A. Alkhwildi, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7465505/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction Upper extremity compartment syndrome, which can have variable etiologies, is a serious time-dependent condition that requires urgent surgical intervention to reduce its high morbidity and mortality rates. As research on this topic has grown, its significance in everyday clinical practice has become increasingly clear. This bibliometric study aimed to thoroughly analyze the most-cited 50 articles on upper extremity compartment syndrome. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched on October 3, 2024, utilizing the keywords "Compartment Syndrome" AND "Upper Limb" OR "Upper Extremity." The results were sorted by citation count from highest to lowest. Studies included in the analysis were limited to those written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals, and focused specifically on compartment syndrome in the upper limbs. Results The most-cited 50 articles on upper extremity compartment syndrome were published between 1980 and 2023, with peaks in the early 2000s and the 2010s. The total number of citations per article ranged from 6 to 175, with an average of 37.28 citations per article. Most articles were published in the Hand Clinics Journal (6 out of 50), followed by the Journal of Hand Surgery (5 out of 50), and the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (3 out of 50). The United States was the leading contributor, producing 37 articles (74%). The topic "Causes and Mechanisms of Compartment Syndrome" accounted for 40% of the articles. Regarding the study design, (38%) were case reports, and (30%) were review articles. In terms of the level of evidence, 60% of the studies were classified as Level IV. Conclusion A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of data from the most influential publications on upper extremity compartment syndrome was conducted. The analysis identified publication dynamics and trends, and highlighted research gaps. More high-impact studies are warranted to enhance the comprehension and understanding of these conditions. Compartment Syndrome Upper Limb Bibliometrics Top-Cited Articles Clinical Outcomes Upper Extremity Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Upper extremity compartment syndrome is similar to other compartment syndromes in that increasing intracompartmental pressure leads to decreased perfusion pressure, resulting in tissue hypoxemia ( 1 ). If left untreated, this reduction in tissue perfusion can lead to irreversible necrosis, with the potential for significant functional impairment, limb loss, or even fatality in extreme cases ( 2 ). Given the acute nature and severe consequences of delayed treatment, upper extremity compartment syndrome usually necessitates prompt surgical intervention, such as fasciotomy, to reduce its high morbidity and mortality rates. Symptoms typically arise following a traumatic event and manifest as progressive swelling, pain, and impaired hand and wrist motion, often accompanied by paresthesia depending on the condition's progression ( 3 ). The etiology of this syndrome is varied, with causes ranging from trauma to reperfusion injuries, intravenous fluid infiltration, anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, prolonged arm compression in unconscious individuals, and envenomation from snake venom or insect stings. However, in some cases of acute compartment syndrome (ACS), a definitive cause cannot be identified ( 1 ). Diaphyseal forearm fractures and distal radius fractures are among the most common causes, with studies showing that fractures account for the majority of forearm compartment syndromes ( 2 ). Soft tissue trauma without associated fractures accounts for a smaller proportion of cases. The gold standard for diagnosing upper extremity compartment syndrome involves the direct measurement of elevated interstitial pressures, which offers a quantifiable and objective method for confirming the diagnosis ( 4 ). This is critical because diagnosing compartment syndrome, especially in the upper extremities, remains a subject of substantial debate and is often based on clinical assessments ( 4 ). As the body of research on compartment syndrome grows, its significance in everyday clinical practice becomes increasingly clear. Citation counts are often used to gauge the influence of studies, reflecting their prominence in academic literature and their potential impact on the field. However, there is a notable gap in assessing the quality and impact of the most-cited studies on compartment syndrome through a more comprehensive lens. This study aims to fill that gap by conducting a detailed analysis of the methodological rigor, design, and relevance of the most-cited literature on upper extremity compartment syndrome. By examining these highly cited articles, this review will highlight both the strengths and limitations of current research, identify areas that remain unexplored, and address inconsistencies or controversies. A thorough bibliometric analysis is essential to guiding future research, helping to steer investigators toward areas requiring further exploration, and enhancing the overall understanding and management of upper extremity compartment syndrome. Methods & Materials In adherence to the BIBLIO guidelines ( 5 ). A comprehensive literature search was conducted on October 3, 2024, utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection database to identify the most frequently cited studies on compartment syndrome of the upper limb. The following search terms were used: "Compartment Syndrome" AND "Upper Limb" OR "Upper Extremity." The search included original research articles and review papers, with no time limitations applied to ensure the inclusion of all relevant literature. The top 50 most cited papers were selected based on their total citation count. In cases where articles had the same number of citations, those with a higher average number of citations per year were prioritized, favoring more recent publications. This ensured the inclusion of the most important and impactful papers for our bibliometric analysis. Studies were included in the analysis if they were written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals, and specifically focused on compartment syndrome in the upper limb (including the upper extremities, forearms, and hands). Only studies involving human subjects or patient populations affected by compartment syndrome were considered. Articles were excluded if they were published in non-peer-reviewed journals (e.g., conference proceedings, abstracts, posters, editorials, and letters), studies in languages other than English, those that did not primarily address upper limb compartment syndrome, or studies that had not received any citations (Fig. 1). Data from the selected articles were extracted using a pre-designed standardized form managed in Microsoft Excel. The extracted data included the article title, authorship, first and senior author, year and country of publication, journal, total citations, citations per year, study design, level of evidence, financial status, and primary research focus. The level of evidence for all included studies were assessed and classified based on the Oxford center for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM). Each article was reviewed and categorized accordingly; the evidence was ranked from level I (highest) to level V (lowest). When the level was not explicitly stated, it was inferred based on study design, sample size, and methodology. Studies lacking sufficient detail for such assessment were categorized as not specified ( 6 ). Where relevant data were missing, attempts were made to contact the corresponding authors to obtain any missing information. If the information could not be retrieved, the potential impact of the missing data was assessed and reported in the analysis. All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical variables were represented by the utilization of frequencies and percentages. Descriptive statistics were utilized to compile and summarize the data sets. Continuous variables were presented as means ± standard deviations (SD) or medians with interquartile ranges (IQR), as appropriate. Results The initial search identified the 50 most cited articles on compartment syndrome in the upper limb between 1980 and 2023 2, 7–55 . Various research outcomes were identified, including the causes and mechanisms of compartment syndrome, early diagnosis and recognition, post-treatment outcomes, and management strategies. The total number of citations per article ranged from 6 to 175, with an average of 37.28 citations per article. The most cited article, published in 2000 by Blakemore et al, had 175 citations, averaging 7.29 citations per year ( 4 ). The cumulative citations per journal ranged from 6 to 396, with a mean of 113.56 citations per journal. Most articles (12%, n = 6) were published in the Hand Clinics , followed by the Journal of Hand Surgery (American Society for Surgery of the Hand) (n: 5, 10%) and the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (n: 3, 6%). Geographically, the United States of America was the leading contributor country, with a total of 37 articles (74%). Other contributing countries included Turkey (n: 4, 8%), Canada (n: 2, 4%), Switzerland (n: 2, 4%). Other countries that contributed included Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom, each with one article (2%). (Fig. 2) The studies covered four primary topics: the "Causes and Mechanisms of Compartment Syndrome" accounted for (n: 20, 40%) of the articles, while (n: 12, 24%) focused on "Early Diagnosis and Recognition." Studies addressing "Post-Treatment Outcomes and Complications" comprised (n: 9, 18%), and "Treatment and Management Approaches" also accounted for (n: 9, 18%). Study designs were primarily case reports (n: 19, 38%), followed by review articles (30%, n = 15), and retrospective cohort studies (n: 6, 12%). Other study designs included prospective cohort studies and systematic reviews, each accounting for (n: 1, 2%) of the total. An analysis of the total citation trends reveals fluctuations over time, with peaks in the early 2000s and early 2010s (Fig. 3). In terms of the level of evidence, (60%, n = 30) of the studies were classified as Level IV, with (n: 4, 8%) as Level III, and only (n: 1, 2%) as Level I. In addition, a significant portion (n: 15, 30%,) was categorized as not specified. Discussion The bibliometric analysis of the 50 most-cited publications on upper limb compartment syndrome (ULCS) provides an overview of the academic focus and gaps surrounding this critical condition. ULCS is a time-sensitive syndrome characterized by increased intracompartmental pressure, leading to ischemia, tissue necrosis, and significant functional impairment if untreated ( 7 , 9 ). Despite its clinical importance, much research on ULCS consists of case reports and retrospective studies ( 8 , 10 ). Consequently, evidence guiding standardized diagnosis and treatment protocols is limited. Of the included articles, 68% were either case reports or reviews, with 60% classified as Level IV evidence. Mechanisms and etiology were discussed in 40% of reviewed articles. Traumatic injuries are the most reported causes, but others include reperfusion injuries, anticoagulant-induced hemorrhages, and iatrogenic causes ( 4 , 18 ). Understanding these mechanisms is critical for early diagnosis and intervention, as untreated disease rapidly progresses to irreversible tissue damage and functional loss. Diagnosis remains a significant challenge. While compartment pressure measurement is the gold standard, clinical signs can appear too late, delaying intervention ( 13 , 56 ). Several studies emphasize the need for non-invasive pressure measurement tools to aid early diagnosis. Standardized guidelines are necessary to reduce variability in clinical practice. Fasciotomy, the only definitive treatment, is often emergent to prevent ischemia but poses risks such as infection, scarring, and impaired limb function ( 14 ). Only 18% of studies reported on post-treatment outcomes, highlighting the need for more research on long-term recovery ( 15 ). Studies on surgical techniques, like Ronel et al.’s anatomical review, stress that precise surgical approaches are essential for reducing morbidity and improving outcomes ( 13 ). Variability in surgical approaches is a concern. Surgeons face challenges in choosing incision sites, particularly in complex cases like high-pressure injection injuries ( 49 ). Early intervention is vital for improving outcomes, as delayed treatment can lead to necrosis, nerve damage, or even amputation ( 19 ). Educational programs for healthcare providers could raise awareness of early symptoms and the importance of timely intervention. The United States leads in research contributions, accounting for 74% of studies ( 7 ), likely due to its healthcare infrastructure. Contributions from countries like Turkey, Canada, and Switzerland also provide valuable insights ( 21 ). However, most studies are from high-income countries, raising concerns about the applicability of findings to low-income regions, where access to surgery and diagnostic tools may be limited ( 30 ). The reliance on English-language publications excludes non-English research, further limiting the global applicability of the findings. There is ongoing debate about the pressure thresholds for surgical intervention. McQueen and Court-Brown (1996) suggest 30 mm Hg as the threshold, though this may vary by clinical presentation ( 4 ). Patients with atypical presentations, such as those with comorbidities or non-traumatic causes, may not show classic signs, complicating diagnosis. Technological innovations, like non-invasive pressure measurement devices and real-time imaging, could aid early diagnosis, though much research is needed to establish their efficacy ( 2 ). The main limitation of existing ULCS literature is the predominance of low-evidence-level studies, making it difficult to develop evidence-based guidelines ( 12 ). Additionally, research is concentrated in high-income countries, limiting generalizability to regions with differing healthcare access. This is concerning given the urgency of ULCS, which requires timely intervention to prevent permanent damage ( 47 ). Another limitation is the focus on traumatic causes. While trauma-related ULCS is well studied, other causes like envenomation, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, and iatrogenic factors are underrepresented ( 22 ). These non-traumatic causes may require different diagnostic and treatment approaches, which are often overlooked in the research ( 29 ). Long-term outcomes of fasciotomy are inconsistently reported. While some studies address immediate post-surgical outcomes, few report on functional recovery and quality of life over time ( 13 ). This gap is significant because fasciotomy, though lifesaving, can cause complications like infection, nerve damage, and scarring, which affect long-term limb function and patient satisfaction ( 36 ). Future studies should standardize reporting of both short- and long-term outcomes to provide more insight into fasciotomy’s impact. Given these limitations, several areas require urgent research. Large-scale, prospective cohort studies are needed to provide higher levels of evidence to guide clinical practice. Such studies should assess both traumatic and non-traumatic causes of ULCS to ensure diagnostic and treatment guidelines are broadly applicable. Prasarn and Ouellette emphasize that collaboration between institutions can reduce regional variability in reported outcomes, especially in low-income countries where healthcare access varies ( 8 ). More research is needed on non-traumatic causes of ULCS, such as chronic exertional compartment syndrome, envenomation, and iatrogenic factors. Future studies should determine whether current diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols for traumatic ULCS apply to these non-traumatic cases or if new guidelines are required. Given the high incidence of post-surgical complications, future research should prioritize tracking long-term outcomes of fasciotomy. This should include patient-reported outcomes, quality-of-life measures, and functional assessments over time to contextualize the trade-offs involved in the procedure and minimize complications while improving recovery ( 30 ). This is also related to the need for developing non-invasive diagnostic tools that offer early and accurate diagnosis, beyond the invasive pressure measurement method that may not be feasible in non-specialized settings. International collaboration is needed to standardize diagnostic and treatment protocols, reducing variability in clinical practice and improving outcomes, especially in regions with limited access to diagnostic tools or timely surgery. Standardization would also allow more accurate comparisons of outcomes across regions, leading to a better understanding of the global burden of ULCS and effective management strategies. Conclusion This study offers a comprehensive review of the most impactful publications on upper extremity compartment syndrome. It also highlights the publication patterns, trends, and domains in which research requires advancement. The total number of citations per article ranged from 6 to 175, with an average of 37.28 citations per article, which demonstrates the high focus on such a topic from researchers around the globe. However, the main contribution to the literature is from a single country: the United States. In addition, almost all of the papers were case reports or review articles, which demonstrates the lack of large case series articles with real patient data. Finally, more than half of the papers were Level of Evidence IV, which further proves the lack of high-quality articles in the literature. This bibliometric analysis demonstrates gaps in the literature and the need for a newer large case series with high evidence to better understand different aspects of the condition and its clinical course. Declarations Author Contribution I.H.: Concept, design, literature search, data acquisition, data analysis, statistical analysis, manuscript editing, figure generationA.H.: Concept, design, literature search, data acquisition, data analysis, statistical analysis, manuscript editingL.K.: Concept, design, literature search, data acquisition, manuscript editingA.G.: Literature search, data acquisition, manuscript editingM.J.: Literature search, data acquisition, manuscript editingA.M.: Data acquisition, literature search, manuscript editingR.Q.: Data acquisition, literature search, manuscript editingY.M.: Data acquisition, literature search, manuscript editingH.M.: Concept, design, definition of intellectual content, manuscript editingZ.F.: Concept, design, definition of intellectual content, manuscript editingAll authors reviewed the manuscript References Matsen FA, Krugmire RB. Compartmental Syndromes in Forearm and Hand. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62(1):109-115. Ouellette EA, Kelly R. 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J Bone Joint Surg Am . 2012;94(16):1514-1524. doi:10.2106/JBJS.L.00414 Tables Table 1. Key details of the top 50 most cited articles on upper limb compartment syndrome. Rank Title First Author Year Citations Average number of citations annually Citations per journal 1 Compartment syndrome in ipsilateral humerus and forearm fractures in children 7 Laurel C. Blakemore 2000 175 7.29 212 2 Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity 8 Mark L. Prasarn 2011 148 11.38 148 3 Compartment syndromes of the hand 2 Elizabeth Anne Ouellette 1996 140 5 185 4 Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity 9 Fraser J. Leversedge 2011 135 10.38 221 5 Acute compartment syndrome of the forearm 10 Michael J. Botte 1998 104 4 396 6 Compartment syndromes in obtunded patients 11 Elizabeth Anne Ouellette 1998 80 3.07 396 7 Management of forearm compartment syndrome 12 Jeffrey B. Friedrich 2007 80 4.7 396 8 Forearm compartment syndrome: Anatomical analysis of surgical approaches to the deep space 13 Daniel N. Ronel 2004 64 3.2 97 9 Forearm Compartment Syndrome: Evaluation and Management 14 Justin M. Kistler 2018 62 10.33 396 10 Acute Pediatric Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome in the Absence of Fracture 15 Mark L. Prasarn 2009 61 4.05 116 11 Compartment syndrome in the hand due to extravasation of contrast material 16 Hakan Selek 2007 56 3.29 56 12 Acute compartment syndrome of the upper extremity in children: diagnosis, management, and outcomes 17 Wajdi W. Kanj 2013 55 5 116 13 Causes of upper extremity compartment syndrome 18 Satoshi Yamaguch 1998 51 1.96 396 14 Compartment Syndrome of the Hand 19 Nikhil R. Oak 2016 49 6.125 84 15 Compartment syndrome following intravenous regional anesthesia 20 Chidambaram Ananthanarayan 2000 48 2 48 16 Risk Factors for Compartment Syndrome in Traumatic Brachial Artery Injuries: An Institutional Experience in 139 Patients 21 John Y. S. Kim 2009 44 2.93 44 17 Compartment syndrome of the upper arm after pressurized infiltration of intravenous fluid 22 Derrick B. Willsey 1997 38 1.4 38 18 Compartment syndrome associated with infection of the upper extremity 23 Stephen B Schnall 1994 37 1.23 212 19 Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome in Athletes 24 Betty Liu 2017 35 5 221 20 Upper extremity pediatric compartment syndromes 25 R. Kumar Kadiyala 1988 35 0.97 84 21 Compartment syndrome of the upper extremity following cutaneous laser surgery 26 Laurence Rheingold 1997 33 1.94 97 22 Suction injuries in children leading to acute compartment syndrome of the interosseous muscles of the hand: Case reports 27 Alexander Y. Shin 1996 27 0.96 221 23 Upper extremity compartment syndrome secondary to acquired factor VIII inhibitor - A case report 28 Asif M. Ilyas 2005 25 1.32 185 24 Subatmospheric pressure-induced compartment syndrome of the entire upper extremity - A case report 29 Eric M. Bluman 2004 20 1 185 25 Acute compartment syndrome of the upper extremity 30 Klaus J. Burkhart 2007 19 1.11 28 26 Definitions and terminology of compartment syndrome and Volkmann's ischemic contracture of the upper extremity 31 Herbert P. von Schroeder 1998 19 1.18 396 27 A Prognostic Model for the Risk of Development of Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome in the Setting of Brachial Artery Injury 32 John Y. S. Kim 2009 17 1.129 25 28 Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome in the Setting of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens: Case Report 33 Mazen I. Bedri 2009 17 1.13 221 29 Compartment Pressures in Children With Normal and Fractured Forearms: A Preliminary Report 34 Tharakan, Sasha J. 2016 12 1.5 12 30 Deltoid Compartment Syndrome: A Rare Complication after Humeral Intraosseous Access 35 Kishan M. Thadikonda 2017 12 1.71 12 31 Identification and Surgical Management of Upper Arm and Forearm Compartment Syndrome 36 Adel Hanandeh 2019 12 2.4 12 32 Upper extremity compartment syndrome after minor trauma: an imperative for increased vigilance for a rare, but limb-threatening complication 37 Daniel A Seigerman 2013 10 0.90 10 33 Recognizing and managing upper extremity compartment syndrome 38 Jacqueline Miranda-Klein 2020 10 2.5 10 34 Forearm compartment syndrome owing to being stuck in the birth canal: a case report 39 Cengiz Isik 2012 10 0.83 10 35 Compartment syndrome presenting as ischemia following extravasation of contrast material 40 Aaron Grand 2008 9 0.56 9 36 Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm 41 Kunal Sindhu 2019 9 1.8 18 37 The Volkmann ischemic contracture of the forearm is preventable 42 Jurrian C. Reurings 2007 9 0.52 28 38 Spontaneous compartment syndrome of the forearm in association with nephrotic syndrome and transient bacteremia 43 H. Chim 2012 9 0.75 9 39 Weight Lifting as a Cause of Bilateral Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome 44 Douglas J. Segan 1988 9 0.25 18 40 An unexpected case of neonatal compartment syndrome associated with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract 45 Laura M. Seske 2023 9 9 9 41 Management strategy for compartment syndrome of the upper extremity arising during anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy: An increasingly common surgical dilemma 46 Martin I. Newman 2003 8 0.38 25 42 Etiology of trauma-related acute compartment syndrome of the forearm: a systematic review 47 Khalid I. Khoshhal 2022 8 4 8 43 Clinical Case of Acute Non-Traumatic Hand Compartment Syndrome and Systematic Review for the Upper Extremity 48 Joseph Ogrodnik 2019 7 1.4 221 44 High-pressure injection injuries to the upper extremity and the review of the literature 49 Gökçe Yıldıran 2020 7 1.75 7 45 Fasciotomy Procedures on Acute Compartment Syndromes of the Upper Extremity Related to Burns 50 Adem Özkan 2015 7 0.7 7 46 Acute compartment syndrome in children; beware of "silent" compartment syndrome A CARE-compliant case report 51 Benjamin Frei 2020 7 1.75 7 47 Acute Compartment Syndrome as a Complication of Radial Artery Catheterization 52 Maria Gergoudis 2022 7 3.5 7 48 Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity: Clinical Outcomes Following Surgical Treatment. A Retrospective Cohort Study 53 Gal Barkay 2021 7 2.3 7 49 Perioperative compartment syndrome of the hand 54 Susan J. Kies 2004 6 0.3 6 50 Acute compartment syndrome caused by hematoma after shoulder surgery: a case series 55 Prashant Meshram 2020 6 1.5 6 Table 2. The publication count, impact factor, and Q ranking of the top ten journals. Rank Journal Publications Q-Ranking Impact Factor (2023) 1 Hand Clinics 6 Q2 0.9 2 Journal of Hand Surgery (American Society for Surgery of the Hand) 5 Q1 2.5 3 Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 3 Q1 5.3 4 The Physician and Sportsmedicine 2 Q1 1.9 5 Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 2 Q1 3.2 6 Orthopedic Clinics of North America 2 Q2 1.4 7 Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 2 Q2 1.3 8 European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 2 Q2 1.9 9 Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2 Q1 2.8 10 Annals of Plastic Surgery 2 Q2 1.5 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Fadel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"King Abdulaziz University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zahir","middleName":"T.","lastName":"Fadel","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-26 18:23:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7465505/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7465505/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":91510758,"identity":"71137b5b-bb3e-41a3-b284-cb679a1bb499","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 08:45:16","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":144375,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlowchart of our methodology\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7465505/v1/cba243525ed8b216d7145fdc.png"},{"id":91510755,"identity":"de6efb52-400a-4369-9742-b1e16394672c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 08:45:16","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":38393,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeographical distribution of the included studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7465505/v1/d1f6e827edcaf95b4ba60eb5.png"},{"id":91511826,"identity":"388c8892-8e6d-4b44-a00c-cf93aa70aefe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 08:53:16","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":68642,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalysis of citation trends\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7465505/v1/6e673696e41f2c386c4949ad.png"},{"id":91900848,"identity":"667d3abc-1e42-4ca0-b61d-cdd72b4eef76","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-22 21:01:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1091639,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7465505/v1/fcde5def-bd46-4f65-b27f-79626fad5a30.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Top 50 Most Cited Studies in Upper Limb Compartment Syndrome: A Bibliometric Analysis","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eUpper extremity compartment syndrome is similar to other compartment syndromes in that increasing intracompartmental pressure leads to decreased perfusion pressure, resulting in tissue hypoxemia (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). If left untreated, this reduction in tissue perfusion can lead to irreversible necrosis, with the potential for significant functional impairment, limb loss, or even fatality in extreme cases (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Given the acute nature and severe consequences of delayed treatment, upper extremity compartment syndrome usually necessitates prompt surgical intervention, such as fasciotomy, to reduce its high morbidity and mortality rates. Symptoms typically arise following a traumatic event and manifest as progressive swelling, pain, and impaired hand and wrist motion, often accompanied by paresthesia depending on the condition's progression (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe etiology of this syndrome is varied, with causes ranging from trauma to reperfusion injuries, intravenous fluid infiltration, anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, prolonged arm compression in unconscious individuals, and envenomation from snake venom or insect stings. However, in some cases of acute compartment syndrome (ACS), a definitive cause cannot be identified (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Diaphyseal forearm fractures and distal radius fractures are among the most common causes, with studies showing that fractures account for the majority of forearm compartment syndromes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Soft tissue trauma without associated fractures accounts for a smaller proportion of cases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe gold standard for diagnosing upper extremity compartment syndrome involves the direct measurement of elevated interstitial pressures, which offers a quantifiable and objective method for confirming the diagnosis (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). This is critical because diagnosing compartment syndrome, especially in the upper extremities, remains a subject of substantial debate and is often based on clinical assessments (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). As the body of research on compartment syndrome grows, its significance in everyday clinical practice becomes increasingly clear. Citation counts are often used to gauge the influence of studies, reflecting their prominence in academic literature and their potential impact on the field. However, there is a notable gap in assessing the quality and impact of the most-cited studies on compartment syndrome through a more comprehensive lens.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study aims to fill that gap by conducting a detailed analysis of the methodological rigor, design, and relevance of the most-cited literature on upper extremity compartment syndrome. By examining these highly cited articles, this review will highlight both the strengths and limitations of current research, identify areas that remain unexplored, and address inconsistencies or controversies. A thorough bibliometric analysis is essential to guiding future research, helping to steer investigators toward areas requiring further exploration, and enhancing the overall understanding and management of upper extremity compartment syndrome.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods \u0026 Materials","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn adherence to the BIBLIO guidelines (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). A comprehensive literature search was conducted on October 3, 2024, utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection database to identify the most frequently cited studies on compartment syndrome of the upper limb. The following search terms were used: \"Compartment Syndrome\" AND \"Upper Limb\" OR \"Upper Extremity.\" The search included original research articles and review papers, with no time limitations applied to ensure the inclusion of all relevant literature. The top 50 most cited papers were selected based on their total citation count. In cases where articles had the same number of citations, those with a higher average number of citations per year were prioritized, favoring more recent publications. This ensured the inclusion of the most important and impactful papers for our bibliometric analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudies were included in the analysis if they were written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals, and specifically focused on compartment syndrome in the upper limb (including the upper extremities, forearms, and hands). Only studies involving human subjects or patient populations affected by compartment syndrome were considered. Articles were excluded if they were published in non-peer-reviewed journals (e.g., conference proceedings, abstracts, posters, editorials, and letters), studies in languages other than English, those that did not primarily address upper limb compartment syndrome, or studies that had not received any citations (Fig.\u0026nbsp;1).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eData from the selected articles were extracted using a pre-designed standardized form managed in Microsoft Excel. The extracted data included the article title, authorship, first and senior author, year and country of publication, journal, total citations, citations per year, study design, level of evidence, financial status, and primary research focus. The level of evidence for all included studies were assessed and classified based on the Oxford center for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM). Each article was reviewed and categorized accordingly; the evidence was ranked from level I (highest) to level V (lowest). When the level was not explicitly stated, it was inferred based on study design, sample size, and methodology. Studies lacking sufficient detail for such assessment were categorized as not specified (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhere relevant data were missing, attempts were made to contact the corresponding authors to obtain any missing information. If the information could not be retrieved, the potential impact of the missing data was assessed and reported in the analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical variables were represented by the utilization of frequencies and percentages. Descriptive statistics were utilized to compile and summarize the data sets. Continuous variables were presented as means\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviations (SD) or medians with interquartile ranges (IQR), as appropriate.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe initial search identified the 50 most cited articles on compartment syndrome in the upper limb between 1980 and 2023\u003csup\u003e2, 7\u0026ndash;55\u003c/sup\u003e. Various research outcomes were identified, including the causes and mechanisms of compartment syndrome, early diagnosis and recognition, post-treatment outcomes, and management strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe total number of citations per article ranged from 6 to 175, with an average of 37.28 citations per article. The most cited article, published in 2000 by Blakemore et al, had 175 citations, averaging 7.29 citations per year (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The cumulative citations per journal ranged from 6 to 396, with a mean of 113.56 citations per journal.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMost articles (12%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6) were published in the \u003cem\u003eHand Clinics\u003c/em\u003e, followed by the \u003cem\u003eJournal of Hand Surgery (American Society for Surgery of the Hand)\u003c/em\u003e (n: 5, 10%) and the \u003cem\u003eJournal of Bone and Joint Surgery\u003c/em\u003e (n: 3, 6%).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeographically, the United States of America was the leading contributor country, with a total of 37 articles (74%). Other contributing countries included Turkey (n: 4, 8%), Canada (n: 2, 4%), Switzerland (n: 2, 4%). Other countries that contributed included Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom, each with one article (2%). (Fig.\u0026nbsp;2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe studies covered four primary topics: the \"Causes and Mechanisms of Compartment Syndrome\" accounted for (n: 20, 40%) of the articles, while (n: 12, 24%) focused on \"Early Diagnosis and Recognition.\" Studies addressing \"Post-Treatment Outcomes and Complications\" comprised (n: 9, 18%), and \"Treatment and Management Approaches\" also accounted for (n: 9, 18%).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudy designs were primarily case reports (n: 19, 38%), followed by review articles (30%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15), and retrospective cohort studies (n: 6, 12%). Other study designs included prospective cohort studies and systematic reviews, each accounting for (n: 1, 2%) of the total.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn analysis of the total citation trends reveals fluctuations over time, with peaks in the early 2000s and early 2010s (Fig.\u0026nbsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn terms of the level of evidence, (60%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;30) of the studies were classified as Level IV, with (n: 4, 8%) as Level III, and only (n: 1, 2%) as Level I. In addition, a significant portion (n: 15, 30%,) was categorized as not specified.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe bibliometric analysis of the 50 most-cited publications on upper limb compartment syndrome (ULCS) provides an overview of the academic focus and gaps surrounding this critical condition. ULCS is a time-sensitive syndrome characterized by increased intracompartmental pressure, leading to ischemia, tissue necrosis, and significant functional impairment if untreated (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Despite its clinical importance, much research on ULCS consists of case reports and retrospective studies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e). Consequently, evidence guiding standardized diagnosis and treatment protocols is limited. Of the included articles, 68% were either case reports or reviews, with 60% classified as Level IV evidence.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMechanisms and etiology were discussed in 40% of reviewed articles. Traumatic injuries are the most reported causes, but others include reperfusion injuries, anticoagulant-induced hemorrhages, and iatrogenic causes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). Understanding these mechanisms is critical for early diagnosis and intervention, as untreated disease rapidly progresses to irreversible tissue damage and functional loss.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiagnosis remains a significant challenge. While compartment pressure measurement is the gold standard, clinical signs can appear too late, delaying intervention (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e). Several studies emphasize the need for non-invasive pressure measurement tools to aid early diagnosis. Standardized guidelines are necessary to reduce variability in clinical practice. Fasciotomy, the only definitive treatment, is often emergent to prevent ischemia but poses risks such as infection, scarring, and impaired limb function (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). Only 18% of studies reported on post-treatment outcomes, highlighting the need for more research on long-term recovery (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e). Studies on surgical techniques, like Ronel et al.\u0026rsquo;s anatomical review, stress that precise surgical approaches are essential for reducing morbidity and improving outcomes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). Variability in surgical approaches is a concern. Surgeons face challenges in choosing incision sites, particularly in complex cases like high-pressure injection injuries (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e). Early intervention is vital for improving outcomes, as delayed treatment can lead to necrosis, nerve damage, or even amputation (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e). Educational programs for healthcare providers could raise awareness of early symptoms and the importance of timely intervention.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe United States leads in research contributions, accounting for 74% of studies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e), likely due to its healthcare infrastructure. Contributions from countries like Turkey, Canada, and Switzerland also provide valuable insights (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). However, most studies are from high-income countries, raising concerns about the applicability of findings to low-income regions, where access to surgery and diagnostic tools may be limited (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e). The reliance on English-language publications excludes non-English research, further limiting the global applicability of the findings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere is ongoing debate about the pressure thresholds for surgical intervention. McQueen and Court-Brown (1996) suggest 30 mm Hg as the threshold, though this may vary by clinical presentation (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Patients with atypical presentations, such as those with comorbidities or non-traumatic causes, may not show classic signs, complicating diagnosis. Technological innovations, like non-invasive pressure measurement devices and real-time imaging, could aid early diagnosis, though much research is needed to establish their efficacy (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe main limitation of existing ULCS literature is the predominance of low-evidence-level studies, making it difficult to develop evidence-based guidelines (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e). Additionally, research is concentrated in high-income countries, limiting generalizability to regions with differing healthcare access. This is concerning given the urgency of ULCS, which requires timely intervention to prevent permanent damage (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnother limitation is the focus on traumatic causes. While trauma-related ULCS is well studied, other causes like envenomation, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, and iatrogenic factors are underrepresented (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e). These non-traumatic causes may require different diagnostic and treatment approaches, which are often overlooked in the research (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLong-term outcomes of fasciotomy are inconsistently reported. While some studies address immediate post-surgical outcomes, few report on functional recovery and quality of life over time (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). This gap is significant because fasciotomy, though lifesaving, can cause complications like infection, nerve damage, and scarring, which affect long-term limb function and patient satisfaction (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e). Future studies should standardize reporting of both short- and long-term outcomes to provide more insight into fasciotomy\u0026rsquo;s impact.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven these limitations, several areas require urgent research. Large-scale, prospective cohort studies are needed to provide higher levels of evidence to guide clinical practice. Such studies should assess both traumatic and non-traumatic causes of ULCS to ensure diagnostic and treatment guidelines are broadly applicable. Prasarn and Ouellette emphasize that collaboration between institutions can reduce regional variability in reported outcomes, especially in low-income countries where healthcare access varies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore research is needed on non-traumatic causes of ULCS, such as chronic exertional compartment syndrome, envenomation, and iatrogenic factors. Future studies should determine whether current diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols for traumatic ULCS apply to these non-traumatic cases or if new guidelines are required.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven the high incidence of post-surgical complications, future research should prioritize tracking long-term outcomes of fasciotomy. This should include patient-reported outcomes, quality-of-life measures, and functional assessments over time to contextualize the trade-offs involved in the procedure and minimize complications while improving recovery (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e). This is also related to the need for developing non-invasive diagnostic tools that offer early and accurate diagnosis, beyond the invasive pressure measurement method that may not be feasible in non-specialized settings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInternational collaboration is needed to standardize diagnostic and treatment protocols, reducing variability in clinical practice and improving outcomes, especially in regions with limited access to diagnostic tools or timely surgery. Standardization would also allow more accurate comparisons of outcomes across regions, leading to a better understanding of the global burden of ULCS and effective management strategies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study offers a comprehensive review of the most impactful publications on upper extremity compartment syndrome. It also highlights the publication patterns, trends, and domains in which research requires advancement. The total number of citations per article ranged from 6 to 175, with an average of 37.28 citations per article, which demonstrates the high focus on such a topic from researchers around the globe. However, the main contribution to the literature is from a single country: the United States. In addition, almost all of the papers were case reports or review articles, which demonstrates the lack of large case series articles with real patient data. Finally, more than half of the papers were Level of Evidence IV, which further proves the lack of high-quality articles in the literature. This bibliometric analysis demonstrates gaps in the literature and the need for a newer large case series with high evidence to better understand different aspects of the condition and its clinical course.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eI.H.: Concept, design, literature search, data acquisition, data analysis, statistical analysis, manuscript editing, figure generationA.H.: Concept, design, literature search, data acquisition, data analysis, statistical analysis, manuscript editingL.K.: Concept, design, literature search, data acquisition, manuscript editingA.G.: Literature search, data acquisition, manuscript editingM.J.: Literature search, data acquisition, manuscript editingA.M.: Data acquisition, literature search, manuscript editingR.Q.: Data acquisition, literature search, manuscript editingY.M.: Data acquisition, literature search, manuscript editingH.M.: Concept, design, definition of intellectual content, manuscript editingZ.F.: Concept, design, definition of intellectual content, manuscript editingAll authors reviewed the manuscript\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatsen FA, Krugmire RB. 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Forearm compartment syndrome owing to being stuck in the birth canal: a case report. \u003cem\u003eJ Pediatr Surg\u003c/em\u003e. 2012;47(11):e37-e39. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.07.041\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrand A, Yeager B, Wollstein R. Compartment syndrome presenting as ischemia following extravasation of contrast material. \u003cem\u003eCan J Plast Surg\u003c/em\u003e. 2008;16(3):173-174. doi:10.1177/229255030801600306\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSindhu K, Cohen B, Gil JA, Blood T, Owens BD. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm. \u003cem\u003ePhys Sportsmed\u003c/em\u003e. 2019;47(1):27-30. doi:10.1080/00913847.2018.1530577\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReurings JC, Verhofstad MH. The Volkmann Ischemic Contracture of the Forearm is Preventable. \u003cem\u003eEur J Trauma Emerg Surg\u003c/em\u003e. 2007;33(5):539-544. doi:10.1007/s00068-007-6142-5\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChim H, Soltanian H. Spontaneous compartment syndrome of the forearm in association with nephrotic syndrome and transient bacteremia. \u003cem\u003eJ Surg Case Rep\u003c/em\u003e. 2012;2012(8):11. Published 2012 Aug 1. doi:10.1093/jscr/2012.8.11\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSegan DJ, Sladek EC, Gomez J, McCoy HJ, Cairns DA. Weight Lifting as a Cause of Bilateral Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome. \u003cem\u003ePhys Sportsmed\u003c/em\u003e. 1988;16(10):73-75. doi:10.1080/00913847.1988.11709623\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeske L, Mastroianni M, Aziz K, Lewallen L. An unexpected case of neonatal compartment syndrome associated with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract. \u003cem\u003eCase Reports in Perinatal Medicine\u003c/em\u003e. 2023;12(1): 20220020. https://doi.org/10.1515/crpm-2022-0020\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNewman MI, Kent KC, Clair DG, Nolan WB. Management strategy for compartment syndrome of the upper extremity arising during anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy: an increasingly common surgical dilemma. \u003cem\u003eAnn Plast Surg\u003c/em\u003e. 2003;51(3):308-313. doi:10.1097/01.SAP.0000054247.01687.40\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhoshhal KI, Alsaygh EF, Alsaedi OF, Alshahir AA, Alzahim AF, Al Fehaid MS. Etiology of trauma-related acute compartment syndrome of the forearm: a systematic review. \u003cem\u003eJ Orthop Surg Res\u003c/em\u003e. 2022;17(1):342. Published 2022 Jul 6. doi:10.1186/s13018-022-03234-x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOgrodnik J, Oliver JD, Cani D, et al. Clinical Case of Acute Non-Traumatic Hand Compartment Syndrome and Systematic Review for the Upper Extremity. \u003cem\u003eHand (N Y)\u003c/em\u003e. 2021;16(3):285-291. doi:10.1177/1558944719856106\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYıldıran G, S\u0026uuml;t\u0026ccedil;\u0026uuml; M, Akdağ O, Tosun Z. High-pressure injection injuries to the upper extremity and the review of the literature. \u0026Uuml;st ekstremitenin y\u0026uuml;ksek basın\u0026ccedil;lı enjeksiyon yaralanmaları ve literat\u0026uuml;r\u0026uuml;n g\u0026ouml;zden ge\u0026ccedil;irilmesi. \u003cem\u003eUlus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg\u003c/em\u003e. 2020;26(6):899-904. doi:10.14744/tjtes.2020.26751\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026Ouml;zkan A, Şent\u0026uuml;rk S, Tosun Z. Fasciotomy Procedures on Acute Compartment Syndromes of the Upper Extremity Related to Burns. EUR J GEN MED. 2015;12(4):326-33. https://doi.org/10.15197/ejgm.01410\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrei B, Sommer-Joergensen V, Holland-Cunz S, Mayr J. Acute compartment syndrome in children; beware of \u0026quot;silent\u0026quot; compartment syndrome: A CARE-compliant case report. \u003cem\u003eMedicine (Baltimore)\u003c/em\u003e. 2020;99(23):e20504. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000020504\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGergoudis M, Raizman N. Acute Compartment Syndrome as a Complication of Radial Artery Catheterization. \u003cem\u003eJ Hand Surg Glob Online\u003c/em\u003e. 2022;4(4):230-232. Published 2022 May 5. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2022.03.002\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBarkay G, Zabatani A, Menachem S, Yaffe B, Arami A. Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity: Clinical Outcomes Following Surgical Treatment. A Retrospective Cohort Study. \u003cem\u003eIsr Med Assoc J\u003c/em\u003e. 2021;23(8):516-520.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKies SJ, Danielson DR, Dennison DG, Warner ME, Warner MA. Perioperative compartment syndrome of the hand. \u003cem\u003eAnesthesiology\u003c/em\u003e. 2004;101(5):1232-1234. doi:10.1097/00000542-200411000-00027\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeshram P, Joseph J, Zhou Y, McFarland EG. Acute compartment syndrome caused by hematoma after shoulder surgery: a case series. \u003cem\u003eJ Shoulder Elbow Surg\u003c/em\u003e. 2021;30(6):1362-1368. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2020.07.048\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCrist BD, Ferguson T, Murtha YM, Lee MA. Surgical timing of treating injured extremities. \u003cem\u003eJ Bone Joint Surg Am\u003c/em\u003e. 2012;94(16):1514-1524. doi:10.2106/JBJS.L.00414\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 1. Key details of the top 50 most cited articles on upper limb compartment syndrome.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"602\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRank\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTitle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFirst Author\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCitations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage number of citations annually\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCitations per journal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment syndrome in ipsilateral humerus and forearm fractures in children\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLaurel C. Blakemore\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMark L. Prasarn\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment syndromes of the hand\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eElizabeth Anne Ouellette\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFraser J. Leversedge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute compartment syndrome of the forearm\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMichael J. Botte\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment syndromes in obtunded patients\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eElizabeth Anne Ouellette\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eManagement of forearm compartment syndrome\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJeffrey B. Friedrich\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eForearm compartment syndrome: Anatomical analysis of surgical approaches to the deep space\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDaniel N. Ronel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eForearm Compartment Syndrome: Evaluation and Management\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJustin M. Kistler\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute Pediatric Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome in the Absence of Fracture\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMark L. Prasarn\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment syndrome in the hand due to extravasation of contrast material\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHakan Selek\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute compartment syndrome of the upper extremity in children: diagnosis, management, and outcomes\u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWajdi W. Kanj\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCauses of upper extremity compartment syndrome\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSatoshi Yamaguch\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment Syndrome of the Hand\u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNikhil R. Oak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment syndrome following intravenous regional anesthesia\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChidambaram Ananthanarayan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRisk Factors for Compartment Syndrome in Traumatic Brachial Artery Injuries: An Institutional Experience in 139 Patients\u003csup\u003e21\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJohn Y. S. Kim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment syndrome of the upper arm after pressurized infiltration of intravenous fluid\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDerrick B. Willsey\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment syndrome associated with infection of the upper extremity\u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStephen B Schnall\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome in Athletes\u003csup\u003e24\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetty Liu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper extremity pediatric compartment syndromes\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR. Kumar Kadiyala\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1988\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment syndrome of the upper extremity following cutaneous laser surgery\u003csup\u003e26\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLaurence Rheingold\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSuction injuries in children leading to acute compartment syndrome of the interosseous muscles of the hand: Case reports\u003csup\u003e27\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlexander Y. Shin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper extremity compartment syndrome secondary to acquired factor VIII inhibitor - A case report\u003csup\u003e28\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsif M. Ilyas\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSubatmospheric pressure-induced compartment syndrome of the entire upper extremity - A case report\u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEric M. Bluman\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute compartment syndrome of the upper extremity\u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKlaus J. Burkhart\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDefinitions and terminology of compartment syndrome and Volkmann\u0026apos;s ischemic contracture of the upper extremity\u003csup\u003e31\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHerbert P. von Schroeder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA Prognostic Model for the Risk of Development of Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome in the Setting of Brachial Artery Injury\u003csup\u003e32\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJohn Y. S. Kim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper Extremity Compartment Syndrome in the Setting of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens: Case Report\u003csup\u003e33\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMazen I. Bedri\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment Pressures in Children With Normal and Fractured Forearms: A Preliminary Report\u003csup\u003e34\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTharakan, Sasha J.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeltoid Compartment Syndrome: A Rare Complication after Humeral Intraosseous Access\u003csup\u003e35\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKishan M. Thadikonda\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIdentification and Surgical Management of Upper Arm and Forearm Compartment Syndrome\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdel Hanandeh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper extremity compartment syndrome after minor trauma: an imperative for increased vigilance for a rare, but limb-threatening complication\u003csup\u003e37\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDaniel A Seigerman\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRecognizing and managing upper extremity compartment syndrome\u003csup\u003e38\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJacqueline Miranda-Klein\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eForearm compartment syndrome owing to being stuck in the birth canal: a case report\u003csup\u003e39\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCengiz Isik\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompartment syndrome presenting as ischemia following extravasation of contrast material\u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAaron Grand\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm\u003csup\u003e41\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKunal Sindhu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Volkmann ischemic contracture of the forearm is preventable\u003csup\u003e42\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJurrian C. Reurings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous compartment syndrome of the forearm in association with nephrotic syndrome and transient bacteremia\u003csup\u003e43\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH. Chim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeight Lifting as a Cause of Bilateral Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome\u003csup\u003e44\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDouglas J. Segan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1988\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAn unexpected case of neonatal compartment syndrome associated with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract\u003csup\u003e45\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLaura M. Seske\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eManagement strategy for compartment syndrome of the upper extremity arising during anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy: An increasingly common surgical dilemma\u003csup\u003e46\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMartin I. Newman\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEtiology of trauma-related acute compartment syndrome of the forearm: a systematic review\u003csup\u003e47\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhalid I. Khoshhal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClinical Case of Acute Non-Traumatic Hand Compartment Syndrome and Systematic Review for the Upper Extremity\u003csup\u003e48\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJoseph Ogrodnik\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh-pressure injection injuries to the upper extremity and the review of the literature\u003csup\u003e49\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eG\u0026ouml;k\u0026ccedil;e Yıldıran\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFasciotomy Procedures on Acute Compartment Syndromes of the Upper Extremity Related to Burns\u003csup\u003e50\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdem \u0026Ouml;zkan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute compartment syndrome in children; beware of \u0026quot;silent\u0026quot; compartment syndrome A CARE-compliant case report\u003csup\u003e51\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenjamin Frei\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute Compartment Syndrome as a Complication of Radial Artery Catheterization\u003csup\u003e52\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaria Gergoudis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity: Clinical Outcomes Following Surgical Treatment. A Retrospective Cohort Study\u003csup\u003e53\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGal Barkay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePerioperative compartment syndrome of the hand\u003csup\u003e54\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSusan J. Kies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute compartment syndrome caused by hematoma after shoulder surgery: a case series\u003csup\u003e55\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrashant Meshram\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 2. The publication count, impact factor, and Q ranking of the top ten journals.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"644\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRank\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJournal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ-Ranking\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImpact Factor (2023)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHand Clinics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJournal of Hand Surgery (American Society for Surgery of the Hand)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJournal of Bone and Joint Surgery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Physician and Sportsmedicine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlastic \u0026amp; Reconstructive Surgery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrthopedic Clinics of North America\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJournal of Children\u0026apos;s Orthopaedics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEuropean Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 311px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnnals of Plastic Surgery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Compartment Syndrome, Upper Limb, Bibliometrics, Top-Cited Articles, Clinical Outcomes, Upper Extremity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7465505/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7465505/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUpper extremity compartment syndrome, which can have variable etiologies, is a serious time-dependent condition that requires urgent surgical intervention to reduce its high morbidity and mortality rates. As research on this topic has grown, its significance in everyday clinical practice has become increasingly clear. This bibliometric study aimed to thoroughly analyze the most-cited 50 articles on upper extremity compartment syndrome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Web of Science Core Collection database was searched on October 3, 2024, utilizing the keywords \"Compartment Syndrome\" AND \"Upper Limb\" OR \"Upper Extremity.\" The results were sorted by citation count from highest to lowest. Studies included in the analysis were limited to those written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals, and focused specifically on compartment syndrome in the upper limbs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most-cited 50 articles on upper extremity compartment syndrome were published between 1980 and 2023, with peaks in the early 2000s and the 2010s. The total number of citations per article ranged from 6 to 175, with an average of 37.28 citations per article. Most articles were published in the Hand Clinics Journal (6 out of 50), followed by the Journal of Hand Surgery (5 out of 50), and the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (3 out of 50). The United States was the leading contributor, producing 37 articles (74%). The topic \"Causes and Mechanisms of Compartment Syndrome\" accounted for 40% of the articles. Regarding the study design, (38%) were case reports, and (30%) were review articles. In terms of the level of evidence, 60% of the studies were classified as Level IV.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA comprehensive bibliometric analysis of data from the most influential publications on upper extremity compartment syndrome was conducted. The analysis identified publication dynamics and trends, and highlighted research gaps. More high-impact studies are warranted to enhance the comprehension and understanding of these conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Top 50 Most Cited Studies in Upper Limb Compartment Syndrome: A Bibliometric Analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-17 08:45:11","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7465505/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5b97e0c7-002e-4f42-a933-7ac97e36dc03","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 17th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-09-22T20:53:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-17 08:45:11","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7465505","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7465505","identity":"rs-7465505","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}