Beyond Edge Injection: Area Effects in Graphene-Metal Contact Resistance

Beyond Edge Injection: Area Effects in Graphene-Metal Contact Resistance | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Beyond Edge Injection: Area Effects in Graphene-Metal Contact Resistance Junsu Park, Jong Seok Lee, Sungbae Lee This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8107234/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Contact resistance between graphene and metal electrodes critically limits device performance, yet the role of contact area versus edge current crowding remains unclear. We designed two device geometries with identical channel dimensions but different contact areas to isolate area-dependent effects. Using a metal-on-bottom fabrication process, we demonstrate through transmission line method and four-probe measurements that top-electrode contact device exhibits 3–4 times lower contact resistance than top-lead contact device across all gate voltages. This provides the first experimental evidence that contact resistance is governed by distributed charge transfer across the entire interface, not solely by edge injection. Our findings suggest that both Landauer and Bardeen transfer hamiltonian models are essential for describing graphene-metal contacts, opening new pathways for contact engineering in two-dimensional devices. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterials.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 23 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 13 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8107234","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":554514774,"identity":"0326b655-8b96-421d-a503-d9746fa84bdb","order_by":0,"name":"Junsu Park","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Junsu","middleName":"","lastName":"Park","suffix":""},{"id":554514775,"identity":"fffcfb8e-701a-4e6b-9259-85d4a4ddd5bc","order_by":1,"name":"Jong Seok Lee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 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