Universal Equivalent Model of Hybrid DC Circuit Breakers for Electromagnetic Transient Research

Universal Equivalent Model of Hybrid DC Circuit Breakers for Electromagnetic Transient Research | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Universal Equivalent Model of Hybrid DC Circuit Breakers for Electromagnetic Transient Research Xue Han, Huilin Liang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7549746/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract As critical protection devices in DC grids, DC circuit breakers can cause overlapping grid fault characteristics, fundamentally altering system electromagnetic transient behavior. This paper analyzed the interruption process of hybrid DC circuit breakers (HDCCBs) with different topologies, elucidating the fundamental mechanisms of HDCCB interruption. The essential interruption characteristics of HDCCBs were investigated through comprehensive analysis of multiple topologies, with key parameters identified and an detailed model incorporating stray inductance effects developed. A universal equivalent electromagnetic transient model was established to characterize breaker performance, which is suitable for electromagnetic transient research. Verification was performed in a four-terminal MMC-HVDC grid based on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform, demonstrating effective fault clearance with the voltage peak error of universal circuit breakers not exceeding 5%, while addressing the critical challenge of overlapping fault characteristics that fundamentally alter system electromagnetic transient behavior. Electromagnetic transient characteristics Hybrid DC circuit breakers MMC-HVDC grid Short-circuit fault Universal equivalent model Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 19 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 16 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 06 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7549746","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":523798705,"identity":"97f731ab-0d58-4cf1-85d3-789145af4328","order_by":0,"name":"Xue 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This paper analyzed the interruption process of hybrid DC circuit breakers (HDCCBs) with different topologies, elucidating the fundamental mechanisms of HDCCB interruption. The essential interruption characteristics of HDCCBs were investigated through comprehensive analysis of multiple topologies, with key parameters identified and an detailed model incorporating stray inductance effects developed. A universal equivalent electromagnetic transient model was established to characterize breaker performance, which is suitable for electromagnetic transient research. Verification was performed in a four-terminal MMC-HVDC grid based on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform, demonstrating effective fault clearance with the voltage peak error of universal circuit breakers not exceeding 5%, while addressing the critical challenge of overlapping fault characteristics that fundamentally alter system electromagnetic transient behavior.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Universal Equivalent Model of Hybrid DC Circuit Breakers for Electromagnetic Transient Research","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-03 03:25:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7549746/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-19T09:55:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T14:22:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-22T21:43:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"133709252618234704241321944284341083662","date":"2025-10-20T08:59:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"188708402030891702860369264090945681309","date":"2025-10-17T09:21:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-22T12:20:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-16T05:25:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-06T13:01:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Electrical Engineering","date":"2025-09-06T08:55:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"electrical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"elen","sideBox":"Learn more about [Electrical Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/202)","snPcode":"202","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/202/3","title":"Electrical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0fcb049b-0921-43fd-947f-b0a1e4a2376d","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 3rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-06T14:39:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-03 03:25:04","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7549746","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7549746","identity":"rs-7549746","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}