Nitrogen-based Cationic Copolymers as Corrosion Inhibitors for P110 Carbon Steel in 20% H2 SO4 : Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Nitrogen-based Cationic Copolymers as Corrosion Inhibitors for P110 Carbon Steel in 20% H2 SO4 : Experimental and Theoretical Studies | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Nitrogen-based Cationic Copolymers as Corrosion Inhibitors for P110 Carbon Steel in 20% H 2 SO 4 : Experimental and Theoretical Studies Ghadeer Mubarak, Chandrabhan Verma, Mohammad Jafar Mazumder, Imad Barsoum, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7703096/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The present study demonstrates the corrosion inhibition potential of three nitrogen-based cationic surfactant molecules (AMCs) for P110 carbon steel (P110 CS) in 20% H 2 SO 4 solution. The corrosion inhibition efficiency (%IE) of the studied surfactants was demonstrated using electrochemical (OCP, PDP, and EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and DFT-based computational studies. The outcomes suggest that their inhibition efficiencies increase with increasing hydrophobic character in the form of alkyl chain(s). The surfactant molecule (AMC-3), having two long alkyl chains, manifests the best inhibition efficiency, and AMC-1, without any such alkyl chain, manifests the lowest efficiency. Their %IE followed the sequence (PDP data at 100 ppm): AMC-3 (89.77%) > AMC-2 (93.39%) > AMC-1 (94.44%). Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) study suggests that they retard anodic and cathodic Tafel reactions and serve as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study suggests the AMCs become effective by creating a barrier for the charge transfer process through their adsorption at the interface of metal and electrolyte. The adsorption mode of corrosion protection was also supported by SEM analyses, where a significant improvement in the surface morphology of the P110 CS surface was observed in the presence of AMCs, especially in the presence of AMC-3. Their adsorption on the P110 CS surface followed the Langmuir isotherm model. DFT-based quantum chemical calculations show that AMCs interact with the P110 CS surface through physicochemisorption mechanisms where long alkyl chains (or hydrophobicity) play a crucial role in their adsorption. Physical sciences/Chemistry Physical sciences/Materials science Cationic surfactants Corrosion inhibition Hydrophobic character Mixed-type corrosion inhibitors and Langmuir isotherm Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 08 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 30 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 30 Sep, 2025 Editor invited by journal 29 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 26 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 26 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7703096","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":527948410,"identity":"275b06a7-5350-41d0-9397-766a0e286078","order_by":0,"name":"Ghadeer Mubarak","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ghadeer","middleName":"","lastName":"Mubarak","suffix":""},{"id":527948411,"identity":"a187b7df-30a7-4ee4-8a4b-6fbc73c576ca","order_by":1,"name":"Chandrabhan Verma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Khalifa University of Science and 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surfactants, Corrosion inhibition, Hydrophobic character, Mixed-type corrosion inhibitors, and Langmuir isotherm","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7703096/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7703096/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study demonstrates the corrosion inhibition potential of three nitrogen-based cationic surfactant molecules (AMCs) for P110 carbon steel (P110 CS) in 20% H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e solution. The corrosion inhibition efficiency (%IE) of the studied surfactants was demonstrated using electrochemical (OCP, PDP, and EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and DFT-based computational studies. The outcomes suggest that their inhibition efficiencies increase with increasing hydrophobic character in the form of alkyl chain(s). The surfactant molecule (AMC-3), having two long alkyl chains, manifests the best inhibition efficiency, and AMC-1, without any such alkyl chain, manifests the lowest efficiency. Their %IE followed the sequence (PDP data at 100 ppm): AMC-3 (89.77%)\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;AMC-2 (93.39%)\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;AMC-1 (94.44%). Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) study suggests that they retard anodic and cathodic Tafel reactions and serve as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study suggests the AMCs become effective by creating a barrier for the charge transfer process through their adsorption at the interface of metal and electrolyte. The adsorption mode of corrosion protection was also supported by SEM analyses, where a significant improvement in the surface morphology of the P110 CS surface was observed in the presence of AMCs, especially in the presence of AMC-3. Their adsorption on the P110 CS surface followed the Langmuir isotherm model. DFT-based quantum chemical calculations show that AMCs interact with the P110 CS surface through physicochemisorption mechanisms where long alkyl chains (or hydrophobicity) play a crucial role in their adsorption.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Nitrogen-based Cationic Copolymers as Corrosion Inhibitors for P110 Carbon Steel in 20% H2 SO4 : Experimental and Theoretical Studies","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-13 16:10:44","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7703096/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-10T10:48:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-08T17:26:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-05T18:27:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"228760404011953026863260958939982329835","date":"2025-11-03T13:12:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"67356298420640111007442992966450967417","date":"2025-11-03T01:07:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"248597623449849085963087222773021276301","date":"2025-11-02T19:26:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-11T04:52:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"190109823825858418566753422594701582444","date":"2025-10-03T04:12:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"191758619275341372882974873272743144927","date":"2025-09-30T09:33:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-30T04:27:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-30T04:23:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-29T11:51:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-26T07:05:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-09-26T07:01:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"386903ed-b60c-466d-9943-af54c8d5edc3","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 13th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":56222455,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry"},{"id":56222456,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-16T16:02:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7703096","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42251-2","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-13 15:58:03","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 13th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-13 16:10:44","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-026-42251-2","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42251-2","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7703096","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7703096","identity":"rs-7703096","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}