Experiment-free learning of exoskeleton assistance remains an unsolved problem

Abstract In "Experiment-free exoskeleton assistance via learning in simulation", Luo et al. [1] present an ambitious framework for developing exoskeleton controllers through reinforcement learning exclusively in computer simulation. The authors report that a control policy trained on a small dataset from one subject was directly transferred to physical hardware, reducing human metabolic cost during walking, running, and stair climbing by more than any prior device. If confirmed, this would represent a major breakthrough for the field of wearable robotics and their clinical applications. However, a close examination of the published materials casts doubt on these claims. The reported experimental results violate physiological limits on the relationship between mechanical power and muscle energy use during gait2,3,4. The algorithmic claims are surprising and cannot be verified; in contrast with established replicability standards in machine learning5,6, executable code has not been made available. We conclude that the goals of this study have not yet been verifiably achieved and make recommendations for avoiding publication errors of this type in the future. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Footnotes * Authors listed in alphabetical order by surname; roles described in Author Contributions. https://drive.google.com/file/d/151lRiICb3l5aFLpr8_oSydGSqZtqlYEr/view?usp=sharing https://drive.google.com/file/d/1owzTcuJ3z3gKpB5aBmTVrjdyr4g0HYKt/view?usp=sharing Data availability All study data necessary to replicate this work are available in the Source Data included with this paper.