Risk Factors Associated to Types of Gallstone Diagnosed at Ibn-Sina Specialized Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

Introduction Gallstone disease (Cholelithiasis) affects 10 to 15% of the population of developed countries. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors associated to different types of gallstone in patients diagnosed in Khartoum State Ibnsina Gastroenterology Center. Methods A facility-based prospective cross-sectional study was implemented on a convenient sample of 47 participants diagnosed with gallstone through ultrasonography in Ibnsina Gastroenterology center and who underwent surgical interventions for gallstone removal. A standardized interviewer-administrated research tool comprising three parts was used to collect data related to the characteristics of the participants, their medical presentation and examination as well as information on types of gallstone, surgical interventions and outcomes. The data were computerized through Epi-info 7 and analyzed through SPSS 23. Descriptive statistics were firstly performed and association was tested through Chi square tests and ANOVA. A multinomial regression analysis established the relationship between types of gallstone and their associated risk factors. All statistical tests were considered as significant when p < 0.05. Results The risk factors statistically associated to gallstone types were family history ( p = 0.011) and duration of living in the residence area ( p = 0.043) in pigment-cholesterol gallstone model vs mixed-cholesterol gallstone model. Other four risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of gallstone were parity (OR = 1.623 [95% CI: 0.795-3.315]) vs (OR = 1.426, [95% CI: 0.729- 2.790]), waist circumference (OR= 1.014 [95% CI: 0.948-1.085]) vs (OR = 1.001 [95% CI: 0.942- 1.065]), chronic disease (OR = 0.698, [95% CI: 0.028 - 17.445]) vs (OR = 0.354, [95% CI: 0.021- 6.087]) and serum triglyceride (OR = 0.985, [95% CI: 0.950- 1.022]) vs (OR= 0.980, [95% CI: 0.949- 1.012]). Conclusion Our finding indicated six risk factors related to types of gallstone. Further multicenter research in Sudan on risk factors is needed to calibrate and validate our model.