Qualitative study on endogenous dynamic mechanism of drug dependence

Qualitative study on endogenous dynamic mechanism of drug dependence | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Qualitative study on endogenous dynamic mechanism of drug dependence Jingsong Wang, shen wang, xiaohuan gan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3981305/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Stimulating and strengthening the endogenous motivation of abstinence is the key and prerequisite for the psychological withdrawal of synthetic drug addicts.At present, there is still a lack of systematic explanation framework for the endogenous motivation of abstinence.The article takes endogenous motivation as the starting point, combines endogenous and exogenous two-way perspectives, and based on in-depth interviews, the grounded theory research method, adopts the intensity sampling strategy, and takes typical drug addicts, successful drug addicts, and front-line policemen in drug rehabilitation centers under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province as the research objects to build an overall endogenous motivation resource exhaustion model for drug addicts.The research shows that: (1) the "four factor onion model" with lack of control, negative sense of life meaning, negative goal pursuit, passive cutting and expectation as the main body is the negative internal driving force for drug addicts to quit addiction.(2) The lack of sense of control is an important inducement for the lack of endogenous motivation to quit addiction, and the lack of external supervision of withdrawal mechanism may be one of the external reasons for the lack of sense of control.(3) The gradual improvement of family internal construction capacity and social support system can stimulate the endogenous motivation of abstinence and promote the reconstruction behavior of abstinence individuals. drug dependence internal motivation of abstinence rooting theory Introduction In recent years, the pattern of world drug production and consumption has changed significantly. Four out of the top five common abused drugs in the country are all new drugs [ 1 ] , Refers to the synthetic hallucinogens, stimulants and other mental drugs, mainly including: methamphetamine, "ecstasy", ketamine (K powder), etc. New synthetic drugs are dressed in the cloak of "entertainment", which are extremely harmful [ 2 ] , Physiologically manifested as toxicity encroachment on the brain, directly caused by the high suicide rate [ 3 ] , Serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, etc [ 4 ] ; The psychological level includes psychosis, depression, anxiety, compulsion, impulsivity and so on [5] . New synthetic drugs have led to a proliferation of various crimes [6] , Has become a serious threat to social stability [7] 。 Drug dependence (Drug Dependence) is a chronic recurrent brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use and loss of control over medication (Clouet, 2019), including physical and psychological dependence [ 8 ] . The first stage of detoxification is the removal of physiological dependence, that is, physiological detoxification, aiming to treat the symptoms of withdrawal after stopping drugs, mainly in the acute withdrawal period (several hours to several days). The second stage of drug rehabilitation is the removal of psychological dependence, that is, psychological withdrawal, which refers to the complete elimination of drug addiction through non-drug treatment and rehabilitation support, and the normal integration into society, mainly in the long-term withdrawal period (a few days to several years). Among them, the persistent psychological desire during withdrawal is the most difficult core link of psychological withdrawal, and it is also an important reason for relapse after withdrawal [ 9 ] 。 People endon new synthetic drugs are less motivated to quit than traditional drug users, and addicts often believe that synthetic drugs are not addictive, have mild symptoms and have little impact on health. In fact, synthetic drugs damage brain structure and function much more than conventional drugs, especially specific changes in neuronal function in the prefrontal cortex [ 10 ] . The difficulty of synthetic drugs is often not physical, but heart addiction. Stimulation and strengthening the endogenous motivation of addiction is the key and premise of the psychological withdrawal of synthetic drug addicts. Investigator from the neurophysiology [ 11 ] , rehabilitation science [ 12 ] , sociology [ 13 ] , psychology [ 14 ] And other disciplinary perspective, from the family factors [ 15 ] , interpersonal relation [ 16 ] , social support [ 17 ] And other external factors, and personality traits [ 18 ] , self efficacy [ 19 ] , Personal experience and other internal factors to explore the psychological addiction and relapse behavior. Most domestic and foreign studies on the dynamic system of addicts focus on the motivational level. Foreign studies (Williams, 2002) point out that the motivation for drug rehabilitation is one of the important factors affecting addiction treatment or intervention [ 20 ] . When external motivation and internal motivation merge, external motivation can play a role stably [ 21 ] . The external compulsion and the motivation score are inversely related, and the stronger the external constraint, the higher the relapse rate (Murphy, 2003) [ 22 ] . In China, Lu Boxiao et al. (2021) compiled a motivation scale for drug rehabilitation from four dimensions of drug rehabilitation identity, self-blame and guilt, external pressure and willingness to seek help [ 23 ] . Gao Pengcheng et al. (2021) conducted in-depth interviews with 11 drug abusers and found that drug rehabilitation strategies varied at different stages, and internal motivation played a crucial role [ 24 ] , But internal motivation is not the same as endogenous motivation. This study attempts to propose the concept of "endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal", which is about the motivation system, internally stimulated, and more deep psychological resources than motivation. Because the connotation of the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal is not clear, let alone the exploration of relevant psychological mechanisms, it also leads to the neglect of psychological factors in the process of addiction withdrawal. Therefore, this study intends to use root theory research method, focus on the theory structure, the core of addiction success or failure of psychological resources, and how the external factors interact with addiction endogenous dynamic influence the behavior of addicts, in order to provide theoretical reference. Subjects and Methods Participants According to the principle of theoretical sampling, the strategy of intensity sampling is adopted to select typical cases with large information and individual differences. The sample selection criterion is whether the object (or expected) can provide a new perspective and promote the construction or deepening of the theory (Flick, 2002 / 2007; Lyons, Cowley, 2007 / 2010). At the beginning of the study, the number of interviewees was not planned until the data was saturated, no new information appeared, and the theoretical construction was saturated, so the interview was stopped [ 25 ] . This study is based on the field research conducted at a 9 drug rehabilitation centers in Fujian Province from March 2021 to November 2021, The identity categories of the interviewees include: ① Persons in compulsory isolation (7 persons), Sampling requirements: multiple unsuccessful addiction withdrawal, Repeat aspiration is experienced more than 5 times, At least 3 times of compulsory drug rehabilitation experience; ② Successful withdrawal (7), The sampling principle is that the drug has been successfully withdrawn for more than 3 years, And keep in long-term contact with the police to ensure that they maintain integrity; ③ Front-line staff of drug rehabilitation brigade (brigade administrator, head of sports drug rehabilitation, psychological consultant of the brigade) (6), The interview and sampling requirements are for the front-line control police officers, Direct contact and a full understanding of the drug-dependent groups, At least 7 years of work experience, Up to 23 years. In order to ensure the reliability and validity of the study, we selected control cases (individuals with successful and repeated abstinence) for material analysis and mutual verification. After data collection, a total of 20 participants (11 males, 9 women), aged 20 to 45 (820 − 30; 731 − 40; 541 − 45;). (2) Research methods The root theory was first proposed by two American scholars Glaser and Strauss in 1967. It is a qualitative research method to establish the theory by sorting out the principal relations from the empirical data of all parties. This study conducted in-depth interviews, conceptual deconstruction and theoretical construction based on grounded theory research methods. The interview outline mainly includes four aspects: the personal experience of first exposure to drugs; the psychological process of repeated "relapse-relapse"; the attribution of drug addiction (individual psychological characteristics, behavioral characteristics, external factors, etc.); what expectations for the future (the source of withdrawal motivation). Typical questions are: " What do you think are the key psychological factors affecting your success and failure?"" What changes do you think you want to make inside yourself?"" What psychological factors cause you to relapse?"" What help do you think the outside world needs to give you to help you maintain your integrity?" .... During the interview process, the interview process ends when the information obtained from the interviewees reaches saturation. The key sentences in the interview were recorded by the researcher, and the recording of the interview was converted into a verbatim script within 24 hours. The final recording lasted 1,136 minutes, and 193,000 words were compiled according to the recording. Through the three-level coding process of open coding, spindle coding and selective coding of the interview text, constantly comparing, refining and rising, the core concepts are abstract and the theoretical model is gradually constructed [ 26 ] . A triangular correction of the data was formed by constantly comparing the common units of meaning in different cases (successful withdrawal, unsuccessful abstinence, and staff). (3) Data analysis Through Q SR Nvivo 11.0 (N11) qualitative analysis software to edit, code and analyze the data, to help researchers to code and search, and establish the index, logical relationship and theory [ 27 ] . The analysis process includes three programs: open coding, spindle coding and selective coding. finding (1) Composition of endogenous motivation and key external causes (results of coding levels) 1. Open coding: extract concepts and categories Each respondent was given a corresponding number (Table 2 ), and the N11 software was used to carefully consider the contents of the words, sentences and paragraphs in the imported data. Based on the theory of open coding analysis method, follow the "definition material-excavation category-category name-open coding-coding notes" program, to "addiction endogenous power for" problem core, in the meaning of repeated case data unit, the dismantling into nodes, then the node classification, then produce type belongs to the initial category [ 25 ] . The initial category of endogenous motivation for addiction involved 449 reference points and 228 reference points for key external causes. 2. Spindle coding and selective coding: genus analysis By establishing the correlation between different categories, the spindle code continues to refine, adjust and classify each code number obtained in the open code again around the core problem, merge the parts with similar significance, clarify and sort out the internal connection between the code number, and select the main category [ 27 ] . Selective coding is the dominant core category refined through systematic analysis on the basis of the main category, and all categories and relationships can be sorted out and connected in series to form a complete theoretical interpretation framework. Finally, the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal abstracts 20 initial categories and 11 main categories from the initial 449 reference points according to the above method. It is found that the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal has constructed four core categories: "sense of control", "sense of meaning of life", "goal pursuit" and "cutting and expectation". The key external factors are composed of two core categories: "external resistance of relapse behavior" and "external power of reconstruction behavior".(See Table 3 and Table 4 ) 3. The saturation test Theoretical saturation test is the standard to judge whether the sampling is sufficient. When the collected data or data produce no new theory and never develop any category, it is considered as theoretical saturation. In this study, the remaining original data retained for the test were randomly selected and analyzed again. However, no new initial categories and new relationships appeared. Therefore, the theoretical model constructed in this study is in line with the saturation test. Table 2 Open encoding and classification of endogenous dynamics Core category fundamental category source initial category datum node Feeling of control Core self-evaluation ● CG To tell you the truth, I think I adapt to the ability and work ability are very strong, come out to want to do a good job, learn things first. ○ WCG I now suck the body is not good, also can not make money to support myself, go out also do not know what to do, can only go step by step. ◎ GJ They have hands and feet and can work hard and change their muddled life. Ability evaluation 32 ● CG When I signed up to volunteer, it was a way to let others know me again, enrich and improve myself, and bid farewell to the original circle. In this way to give back to the society, I feel valuable to the society. Now I will try my best to help my friends who used to take drugs to live and encourage them to enrich themselves first. ○ WCG drug smoking numb off, what things do not know. You see nothing I've done for most of my life. To put it bluntly, drug addicts are of little value to society. ◎ GJ actually has two extremes, extremely conceited or extremely low self-esteem. Most of them want a new life, to be recognized, and to have a respected life. The most fundamental thing is how strong their inner motivation is. Value evaluation 40 A sense of personal control ● When CG is not happy, it will find friends to drink tea and chat, exercise to adjust. I used to quarrel with my family every day. Now I will take the initiative to tell them about my recent life and let them know that I have lived a good life. ○ WCG uncomfortable or a bad mood to want to suck, this way conditioned reflex. Encounter unhappy things, the first will think of these things. Like I also have no friends, can only rely on this arrangement. ◎ When GJ encounter major things, and the psychological fluctuations are very big, it is a high-risk scene that they are very easy to relapse into. Most of the time they can not regulate their emotions through other things, relieve their pressure will relapse. Many team members are impulsive personalities without considering the consequences. They can do what they want at the moment. However, whether this is a change caused by long-term drug use or the original characteristics is impossible to verify. Emotional regulation 52 ● CG If I knew he had this kind of (drug use), I will not make friends with him, if I play this thing (drug) will be far away from me, do a stranger. ○ WCG friends play with this thing (drugs), I don't play myself, feel and don't have to play, and then play with them. A brother out a few pick up the wind wash dust brazier a cross, drink smoke smoke up things (meth) handed over. ◎ GJ obviously has a herd mentality, friends play you play have no friends. Go out to play together, the young people see this new thing is curious, show off, very fun. Without independent thinking and judgment, it is the kind. Human control 18 Restriction ● CG My life should not be like this, I don't want to go to the kind of life in the street rat. People like us who have taken poison can also have a normal life, just have to pay more effort to prove themselves. ○ WCG to tell the truth should quit all quit, I also want to quit, it is really difficult, I think drugs just can not quit. What else can people like us do? This life. ◎ GJ they think it was just unlucky to be caught by the public security. People bowed their heads under the eaves and bowed their heads, as soon as the time comes to return to society, he may immediately integrate into the original environment, never thinking to change their life and fate. Destiny view 61 ● CG When I was first out, I was very confused and helpless. I didn't know what I wanted to do. I'm afraid I don't have that concentration myself. I went directly to Beijing to learn beauty, and then gradually integrated into the new friends, I felt that the people around me are very beautiful. ○ There is no corner of the WCG society where we stay. I have no tomorrow, no hope, it doesn't matter, do not want to try to transform, life is not able to look forward to. Go out is to be look down upon by others, look for a job to know you have sucked poison, won't want you. Society is so unfair to us. ◎ When GJ faces difficulties and helplessness, his own motivation is the most important, and the ability to change the environment is also very important. The emotional support and practical support of his family members, as well as the help of social communities, these are very comprehensive and systematic influences. Feeling of helplessness 18 Note: ● CG ○ WCG represents ◎ GJ represents frontline police officers Limited to the space limit, only show the initial category under the [sense of control] in the core category, the main category and the original data of some typical cases. The analysis order is: original data-initial concept-main category-core category. Table 3 Distribution of the main axis (second-level) coding nodes of the endogenous dynamics of addiction withdrawal order number Initial coding axial coding Number of reference points Core code (category) 1 Ability evaluation Core self-evaluation 32 Feeling of control 2 Value evaluation 3 Emotional control A sense of personal control 40 4 Human control 5 Destiny view Restriction 31 6 feeling of helplessness 7 Meaning cognition The meaning of life is pursued 52 The sense of meaning of life 8 Meaning experience 9 Feeling of unreality Feeling of unreality 18 10 Hazard view Drug cognition 61 11 Ignorance view 12 Goal setting Goal setting 18 Target pursuit 13 behavior Disposition Execution 22 14 Action plan 15 Individual attitude Attitude expression 74 Cut and expect 16 Group attitude 17 Psychological response in high-risk scenarios Addiction strategy 37 18 Expectations for future life 19 Emotional support Get support 64 20 Practical help amount to 449 Table 4 Distribution of key external factor spindle (secondary) coding nodes order number Initial coding axial coding Number of reference points Core code (category) 1 Public security crackdown External supervision mechanism 12 8 25 External constraints of relapse behavior 2 Community regulation 3 Family supervision 4 Strict management Education in drug rehabilitation center 19 5 Human care 11 6 Family economic ability Family construction ability 21 An external boost to rebuilding behavior 7 Relatives and friends to provide for reemployment 22 8 Family emotional support 34 9 Interpersonal relation Social support 17 10 Employment support 39 11 Identity reconstruction 20 amount to 228 4. Reliability test The improvement of reliability mainly started from two aspects: First, in terms of improving the reliability of the interview materials, the main visitor was the national second-level psychological consultant, who deeply studied the field of drug rehabilitation for six years to understand the language and context of the drug subculture to ensure the quality of the interview. After the interview, the content and outline of the interview were adjusted in time. In addition, the data was triangular corrected by continuously comparing the same meaning units of different sources (typical dependence, successful addicts and front-line police). Second, examine whether the coded categories can be used to analyze the data of other respondents, and whether the relevant analysis can confirm the positive and negative data in the control cases (typical dependence, successful addicts), so as to improve the reliability of the analysis. Thirdly, in order to avoid the deviation of the qualitative material analysts from the results, the Kappa coefficient and coding consistency coefficient were used to test the consistency of the items summarized by the three analysts, and the results were 0.81 and 0.95 respectively. 5. Validity test Participant test and non-participant test were mainly used. The feedback of all the examiners was summarized, and carefully reviewed and handled respectively. If the feedback is inconsistent with the study results or the feedback are different, the researcher will return to the original data for continuous comparison and reflection among cases. If the generation of the study results is fully based, the study results will be retained; if the evidence is insufficient, the original results will be revised according to the proposal. Regardless of whether revised or not, it are fully explained to the examiners according to relevant psychological theories and research norms in order to reach a consensus. Ultimately, examiners from different sources help to improve the validity of the findings from different perspectives and levels. In addition, this study also uses some effective methods to avoid the validity risks of study sampling, researcher identity, data collection and analysis process. (2) The psychological mechanism of the lack of endogenous motivation in addicted individuals: "four-factor onion model" This study in the comparative analysis of control case (addiction success and several relapse not addicts), on the basis of root research construction of the core category of endogenous power defined as: "synthetic drug dependence has the sense of control, life meaning, goal pursuit, cutting and expectation, the sum of the four elements of the positive aspects," based that drug dependence addiction lack of endogenous power is an important internal cause of relapse. The theoretical connotation of the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal is mainly manifested in the following four aspects: First, the sense of control (the core element of endogenous motivation) mainly includes three dimensions: the core self-evaluation, the sense of individual control and the sense of restriction. The sense of control refers to a cognitive state in which people believe that their choices and behaviors are consistent with the corresponding results. It is usually regarded as a representation of real control and belongs to the intuitive feeling of individuals [ 28 ] . Rotter (1966) In the theory of control points, people are divided into internal control individuals and external control individuals according to the differences in the control sense to explain the different treatment methods that some people rise to the difficulties and others sabotage their work [ 29 ] . Internal control individuals believe that the result of life comes from the efforts to pursue the process and experience that they are the creators of life. On the contrary, external control individuals believe that external forces control their own fate, and often attribute the relapse to external factors such as society, luck or others. There are great differences in the psychological state and behavior mode of individuals with a sense of control and those who lose their sense of control. In this study, the sense of control is in the core position, and if the sense of control is missing for a long time, it is difficult for individuals to produce positive endogenous motivation. Secondly, the sense of meaning of life (the second level of endogenous power), which includes three sub-dimensions of life meaning cognition, the sense of emptiness and the cognition view of drugs. The sense of meaning of life [ 30 ] It is the degree of an individual's cognition of the meaning of life, a goal that can give individuals a sense of direction and value (Emmons, 2003). Frank (1985), the founder of Meaning Therapy, believes that human beings are born with an internal motivation to find the meaning of life, and the basic motivation of human survival is to seek the purpose and meaning of life [ 31 ] . When individuals lack the meaning of life, there will be feelings of emptiness, boredom and boredom, and severe cases will lead to "psychoneurosis", such as suicide and antisocial behaviors [ 32 ] (Littman-Ovadia & Steger,2010)。When the addict looks at the meaning of life, their attitude is often negative, self-abandonment and so on. Third, goal pursuit (the third level of endogenous power), which mainly includes two sub-dimensions of target setting and action force. Goal pursuit refers to the pursuit of short-term and long-term planning, actively change the status quo attitude and firm behavior intention. Individuals who successfully quit addiction have the tendency to be aggressive, good at planning, strong action and pay attention to long-term interests. On the other hand, if there is no goal, weak will, focus on the immediate pleasure will fall into a relapse cycle. Fourth, cutting and expectation (the fourth level of endogenous power), including three sub-dimensions: attitude expression, addiction withdrawal strategy, and obtaining support. Cutting and expectation are the cutting attitude of drug addicts towards the past drug life and the expectation for a new life in the future. When an individual has a firm attitude towards addiction withdrawal, psychological and behavioral strategies to deal with different high-risk situations, and positive identity reconstruction awareness and action, the individual's endogenous motivation for addiction withdrawal is sufficient. The onion model is a structure wrapped from the inside to the outside. The closer the inner layer, the harder it is to detect, and the closer the inner layer, the closer the outer layer. The relationship between the "four-factor Onion model": the sense of control is the most core element, and the sense of life meaning is second only to the sense of control. If the sense of control and meaning of life is missing, they both hinder the occurrence of goal pursuit, cutting and expectation. Lack of goal pursuit, passive cutting and expectation will in turn lead to a sense of control, further leading to a negative sense of meaning in life, and thus this cycle mechanism forms the psychological mechanism of individuals who fail to quit addiction for many times. In conclusion, this study believes that the sense of runaway, loss of meaning, pursuit of negative goals, passive cutting and expectation. The "four-factor onion model" explains the psychological mechanism of addiction failure of addicts on synthetic drugs, and ultimately leads to the behavioral path of [relapse-rehabilitation-relapse]. (3) Overall endogenous power resource depletion model In the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal, individual psychological motivation consists of four core categories: sense of control, sense of life meaning, goal pursuit, cutting and expectation, among which the sense of control is the core, and each category affects each other. External factors and individual endogenous power and promote individual activities, addiction of endogenous power key external factors of external constraints and reconstruction behavior of external power two core category, namely the rehab education and external supervision mechanism of the two relapse behavior of external constraints, and family internal construction ability and social support the two reconstruction behavior of external power. Integrate internal and external motivation, and establish the "model of overall endogenous motivation resource depletion of addicts". Discussion The psychological mechanism of endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal: "four-factor onion model" To explore the production of drug dependence patients addiction behavior and able to maintain the core of the psychological dynamic factors, this study through in-depth interviews, observation, using root theory research method, the recycling data sorting, open coding, spindle coding, selective coding, from 190000 words to 449 initial concept, 20 initial category, 11 main category, gradually concise the four core category: "control" "life meaning" "goal pursuit" and look to "cutting", namely synthetic drug dependence addiction endogenous dynamics. Based on the above, the "four-factor Onion model" is used to explain why the sense of control is at the first level and how the factors interact with each other. First of all, the sense of control is the core element of the endogenous power, and it is the most critical part. The reason for this is that the sense of control is a personality trait, with individual differences between stability and generality. The sense of control refers to the tendency of an individual to explain its success and failure, which emphasizes the causal relationship between action and outcome, so the sense of control determines people's cognition of life events and various choices. The loss of control not only causes physical and mental health problems, but also encourages addicts to find various ways to compensate for their sense of control [ 33 ] , So much so that perception, faith, behavior will change, it can be said to affect the whole body. A sense of control is critical when a threatening situation lacks an appropriate strategy [ 34 ] . The sense of control not only effectively reduces negative emotions such as anxiety and depression, but also affects individual decision-making and behavioral response patterns. Chen Qiuting (2015) found through a study of college students that the sense of internal control can significantly predict the sense of life [ 35 ] , Although the study subjects are different, the results partly support the theoretical conception of this study, indicating that the sense of control is the most deep in the psychological mechanism of addiction withdrawal motivation. The sense of life meaning is the second level of endogenous power. The sense of meaning in life includes motivation, cognition, emotion, the individual's understanding, pursuit and realization of goals, and the accompanying sense of achievement. The sense of meaning of life is a choice and goal in life, and can play a navigation role for the individual in the process of achieving the goal [ 36 ] , And then to achieve the purpose of self-recognition (Crumbaugh J.C,1969)。The meaning of individual life feels the restriction of multiple factors, which is positively correlated with education level, interpersonal relationship quality and social support [ 37 ] . The sense of meaning of life is closely related to emotions and affects the mental health of individuals (Van Tongeren & Green, 2010), which also directly affects people's subject happiness [ 38 ] . Personality is the basis of the sense of life meaning experience. New research has found that the sense of life meaning is the most important prediction of loneliness, an indicator, followed by social relationships [ 39 ] . Loneliness is closely related to relapse behavior [ 40 ] . Drug dependence people scored significantly lower on social relationships than normal adults, and those excluded from social relationships and unable to develop social relationships can also directly lead to the lack of the sense of life [ 41 ] . The sense of meaning of life is in the second level of the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal, which is the basis for setting goals, guiding individuals to carry out the occurrence of behaviors such as "goal pursuit" and "cutting and expectation", and pointing out the direction for action. Thus, the ability of individuals to give life "value and meaning" is an indispensable psychological resource in drug-dependent groups. Taking the sense of control and the meaning of life as the entry point is more conducive to the specific grasp of the deep motivation of psychological addiction. As the third level, goal pursuit is more likely to be perceived by individuals, and tends to target the psychological motivation of individuals at the behavioral level. Compared with the second level of life meaning, the sense of life meaning is internal, the pursuit of refinement, tends to the core, the goal pursuit is external, practical, the pursuit of concrete and diversified. Goal pursuit is influenced not only by the sense of life meaning, but also by the sense of control. A study of beliefs in a just world found that when individuals gain a sense of control over the world, they commit people to long-term goals and follow social norms [ 42 ] (Du Jianzheng, 2007). Target pursuit includes two sub-dimensions of goal setting and action force. According to the five-stage theory of the transtheoretical model, the goal pursuit is in the transition stage between the preparation stage and the action stage, that is, the stage of the evolution from cognitive change to behavioral change. Goal pursuit requires drug users to set reasonable short-term and long-term goals and acquire the knowledge and skills to change the status quo. The sense of control and the sense of life meaning determines the degree of goal pursuit. Cutting and expectation are the fourth level of endogenous dynamics, which is most prominent due to its dominance. Cutting the past is not only reflected in the cognitive attitude, but also in the action level. Active cutting is conducive to the individual to gain a sense of control. There is a significant correlation between feelings of control and expectations, and expectations for the future facilitate the pursuit of goals and the sense of meaning in life [ 43 ] (Baumeister & Masicampo, 2010)。With "goal pursuit" and "cutting and expectation" as the focus, it is more conducive to the landing operation of psychological addiction. The theoretical model of endogenous dynamics rooted in this study is a nested "onion model" with four factors (sense of control, sense of life meaning, goal pursuit, cutting and expectation). This model is also supported by some studies. Kennedy et al. (2009) found through the relationship between self-determination theory (SDT) and the transtheoretical model (TTM) that people with higher levels of internal motivation into abstinence treatment were more likely to be in the action stage, with internal motivation playing a key role in abstinence behavior and long-term adherence [ 44 ] . Internal motivation for withdrawal refers to the psychological tendency of an individual to produce a withdrawal behavior based on internal needs. In the study, it can be seen that the endogenous motivation is deeper and pays more attention to the inner world of the individual than the internal motivation, focusing on the internal dynamic system of the individual. In other words, endogenous withdrawal is also likely to predict the occurrence and maintenance of withdrawal behavior in dependent persons. The endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal is the core psychological resource needed for synthetic drug-dependent users to produce and maintain addiction withdrawal behavior. Only when drug addicts have the positive aspects of the four elements of endogenous motivation can they become active abstinence people, promote the occurrence of the abstinence behavior and maintain the abstinence behavior for a long time. Psychological addiction is to stimulate the positive aspects of the four elements of endogenous motivation, so that the individual radiates active endogenous motivation, and change "want me to get drugs" to "I want to get drugs". The key external factors and their psychological mechanisms affecting the endogenous dynamics So far, the first question has been answered through the four-factor onion model: the theoretical connotation of the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal. The second question needs to be discussed: how do endogenous motivation and key external factors interact to form a stable psychological mechanism of addiction withdrawal? 1. The influence of external constraints of relapse behavior on endogenous dynamics Internal motivation resources and external resources often cooperate to promote individual activities, and the complexity of the environment of drug dependence people also has an impact on the endogenous motivation of individual addiction withdrawal. In view of the possible relapse behavior of drug rehabilitation personnel, the relapse idea or behavior through environmental restriction is one of the important external factors to improve the individual internal motivation, and the external restriction includes the external supervision mechanism and internal education. The strict external supervision mechanism, from family supervision to community supervision and severe crackdown by the public security system, forms a psychological barrier of layer upon layer protection, prompting the drug dependence to keep the alarm bell ringing, and then stimulate the endogenous motivation. And whether this also has some side effects, is it possible to make its sense of control further missing? Those identified as "drug users" will be registered by the public security organs for dynamic monitoring, irregular door-to-door examination and urine test. With the continuous innovation of information technology, while deterring drug crimes and improving the drug governance system, the drug rehabilitation personnel are also permanently labeled as "drug addicts", which undoubtedly increases the difficulty for them to return to the mainstream society, and then induces negative endogenous motivation. The difficulty of external restriction lies in the grasp of degree."After I came out of rehab, my family was almost inseparable with me, feeling like they didn't trust me. They took turns to watch me every day. I couldn't go out for more than two hours, and I would call me next to jail." (Success)."Once when I was on a business trip with my colleague, a group of police rushed up on the train and took me away (for a urine test), which scared my colleagues. I could not lift their heads and they were talking about me behind my back" (typical relapse). The returning personnel feel a serious threat and return to social difficulties, " they often take compensation behavior or the psychology of breaking the pot. A reasonable exit mechanism is very important, but this is also very contradictory for us."(frontline police language). To sum up, reasonable external constraints can improve the endogenous motivation of addicted individuals and reduce the control compensation behaviors such as "it is meaningless to live anyway" and "just the last time". 2. External support for reconstruction behavior The reconstruction behavior of drug dependence people refers to the reconstruction and adaptation behavior of life and social relations when faced with a new environment after experiencing two years of compulsory isolation. This study summarizes two key external factors of reconstruction behavior: internal family building capacity and social support. The reason why we attach importance to family factors is that in the multi-level social environment, family, as the most basic unit of individual socialization, is an important bridge between the relationship between individuals and society, so family-related variables are particularly important. Belcher (2011) that the internal construction of the family mainly includes two indicators: one is entity, the other is spirit [ 45 ] . Physical is mainly reflected in family economic ability, re-employment opportunities, positive guidance, survival safety and personal development; spiritual is mainly reflected in the emotional support of family members, individual acceptance, perceived positive meaning of life, and inspiring the courage to overcome difficulties. These two factors have positive energy flowing upward, which can accumulate motivation for addiction. These positive internal construction of the family is reflected in the summary of the interview: " After the exit, my uncle took me to the field and arranged my work and training (to learn beauty). The care of the family made me very firm and cut off in the past. It's hard to get out without family support."" My aunt treats me better than her own son. I feel that I must speak openly and upright in order to repay her kindness to me."In the study, we see that the family building capacity stimulates the endogenous motivation of addiction to some extent. In the process of exploring the psychological motivation of the family, the obvious positive force and addiction withdrawal trend were found. Social support is another key factor, referring to objective, visible practical support as well as subjective support of understood emotional experience [ 46 ] . As there is no specific and operational legal provisions on the resettlement of drug addicts, and no clear responsibility and authority of various functional departments, the resettlement of drug addicts is a mere formality, which makes it difficult for drug addicts to return to society. This study found that social support for drug addicts included three factors: employment support, interpersonal relationship and identity reconstruction. In the absence of social support, the identity of the regression reconstruction is also facing many difficulties, "society did not give us such (once smoked) foothold", "go out to find a job, a check others know I have smoked before, where still dare to me;" (typical drug dependent relapse said). The improvement of the social support system will bring psychological help to the individuals who are struggling to return, so as to enhance the sense of control and meaning of life in the endogenous motivation [ 47 ] 。 Empirical studies found that intra-family building capacity (e. g., family economic level) influenced the endogenous motivation of addiction (e. g., sense of control) [ 48 ] . Support from families can significantly reduce individuals 'sense of hopelessness for the future, improve individuals' sense of learned helplessness for the real environment, and change negative and pessimistic expectations for the future [ 49 ] . Good parent-child relationship is the basis of the follow-up intervention work in drug rehabilitation. In addition, Zhang Zhenyu (2004) found in the study of addicts that positive and good social support can play a role in buffer and protecting individuals in stress state, and is an essential external condition to promote the endogenous motivation of addiction [ 50 ] 。 Research limitations and future prospects This study with the endogenous power of addiction as the breakthrough point, for the first time to clarify the concept of endogenous power under the background of drug rehabilitation, and the establishment of the "four factors onion model" can initially explain the dependence of the lack of addiction, provide theoretical support for accurate psychological counseling, also from different perspective to explain individual needs and motivation, enrich the study of individual dynamic system. Combined with the endogenous and external perspectives, the overall theoretical framework "the overall endogenous motivation resource depletion model of addiction addicts" is constructed, which provides a reference path for stimulating endogenous motivation. Although some enlightening views have been obtained, due to the particularity of the population background, the data is limited and there are still deficiencies. From the perspective of the research nature, the qualitative research results are easy to be influenced by the researchers' subjective thoughts, and there may be deviations in the interpretation of the results. From the perspective of research scope, the sampling of this study is mainly concentrated in Fujian province, while the research has not been carried out in other areas, and there are still deficiencies in geographical applicability to be verified. Therefore, in the future, we should compile a checklist of addiction withdrawal with high reliability and validity to verify the psychological mechanism of psychological withdrawal, clarify the weight of various factors in psychological motivation, and analyze the psychological dynamic characteristics of different age groups or different withdrawal stages. The research scope is extended to different provinces or regions, and it is also necessary to reverify the accuracy of the endogenous power resource depletion model. From the perspective of drug rehabilitation education practice, further research can be based on the four-factor onion model of endogenous motivation, formulate efficient and feasible measures of accurate psychological resource training measures, and form effective psychological intervention means to stimulate the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal. Conclusion In conclusion, the main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the "four-factor onion model" with the lack of control sense, negative sense of life meaning, negative goal pursuit, passive cutting and expectation is the negative internal driving force of drug dependence.(2) The lack of sense of control is an important inducement for the lack of endogenous motivation for individual addiction, and the lack of external supervision of withdrawal mechanism may be one of the external reasons for the lack of sense of control.(3) The gradual improvement of the family internal construction capacity and the social support system can stimulate the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal and promote the reconstruction behavior of addictive individuals. The endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal is the core psychological resource for synthetic drug-dependent people to get rid of addiction, and it is an explanatory framework applicable to the psychological dynamic differences and characteristic characteristics of different individuals with addiction withdrawal success or failure. Declarations Acknowledgments We are grateful to the Rehabilitation and Addiction Treatment Center . This manuscript only agrees to be published in this journal, there is no conflict. Conflict of Interest We declare that this work was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Author Contributions Xiaohuan Gan , Shen Wang conceived and designed the experiments. Jing song Wang experimental subjects, signed the informed consent process . Ethics statement The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by The Institutional Review Board at the Fujian Normal University. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Funding The authors declare that this study received funding from the National Social Science Foundation of China (Authorization Number:20BTY122). The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication. Data Availability Statement All datasets generated for this study are included in the article. References Xia Gome, Yang Xiushi, Li Jun, Miao Jia. Causes and Consequences of new drug abuse [J]. Social Sciences, 2009 (03): 73-81 + 189. Gonzales R, Mooney L, Rawson R A.The methamphetamine problem in the United States[J].Annual review of public health, 2010, 31: 385-398. 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Comparative analysis of the current situation of social support between new drugs and traditional drug users [J]. Health Service Management in China, 2017,34 (12): 950-952. Liu Wei, Li Li, Han Yuying, Li Yuechao. Effect of disease susceptibility perception on anxiety: identifying mediators of control and modulation of social support [J]. The Chinese Journal of Health Psychology, 2021,29(11):1688-1693.DOI:10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.11.019. Guo Yongyu, Hu Xiaoyong. Personal happiness, social equity, world peace —— The humanistic feelings of a psychologist [J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Education Science Edition), 2015,33(02):55-64.DOI:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2015.02.008. Xin Ziqiang, Ma Junxue, Geng Luna. Relationship of adolescent hopelessness to life events, control beliefs, and social support [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2006 (03): 41-46. Zhang Zhenyu. Study on the relapse tendency of heroin addicts [J]. Psychological science, and 2004(03):739-740.DOI:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.2004.03.061. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3981305","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":274505624,"identity":"d6bad964-a8c3-43bd-b2f9-d52bcc2890ff","order_by":0,"name":"Jingsong Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fujian Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jingsong","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":274505625,"identity":"3aaf8cbd-9278-45db-912f-4be9037390b8","order_by":1,"name":"shen wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC9oYDYDqBgb2x8eEHYrTwHIBp4TncbCxBnBYGqBaJ9DYBHqK0MJ4x/Fzwqy6PX/JhG4MEg52cbgMhLQxnjKVn9h0ulpyd2PaggCHZ2OwAAS32DGc3SPP2HEjccDux3UCC4UDiNkJaeBjObv7N21OXuP/mwTYJHiK1bJPm+cGcuEGCkWgt579Z8zYcTpxxJhEYyAZE+IVH4ljybZ4/dYn97ccfPvxQYSdHUAuDBFAFYxuMZ0BIOQjwNwCJP8SoHAWjYBSMghELAM0JSHt+qsrSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Fujian Normal University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"shen","middleName":"","lastName":"wang","suffix":""},{"id":274505626,"identity":"6ace6c13-e5d3-4394-bcfe-cb8154fdd997","order_by":2,"name":"xiaohuan gan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fujian Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"xiaohuan","middleName":"","lastName":"gan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-23 09:23:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3981305/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3981305/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95656172,"identity":"80a1dbe2-996a-4db3-95e2-d3045be5b18a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-11 16:17:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":982787,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3981305/v1/17ee8367-afef-4fc6-a3ac-a676ce353059.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Qualitative study on endogenous dynamic mechanism of drug dependence","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, the pattern of world drug production and consumption has changed significantly. Four out of the top five common abused drugs in the country are all new drugs\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Refers to the synthetic hallucinogens, stimulants and other mental drugs, mainly including: methamphetamine, \"ecstasy\", ketamine (K powder), etc. New synthetic drugs are dressed in the cloak of \"entertainment\", which are extremely harmful\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Physiologically manifested as toxicity encroachment on the brain, directly caused by the high suicide rate\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, etc\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e; The psychological level includes psychosis, depression, anxiety, compulsion, impulsivity and so on\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c/sup\u003e. New synthetic drugs have led to a proliferation of various crimes\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c/sup\u003e, Has become a serious threat to social stability\u003csup\u003e[7]\u003c/sup\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrug dependence (Drug Dependence) is a chronic recurrent brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use and loss of control over medication (Clouet, 2019), including physical and psychological dependence\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The first stage of detoxification is the removal of physiological dependence, that is, physiological detoxification, aiming to treat the symptoms of withdrawal after stopping drugs, mainly in the acute withdrawal period (several hours to several days). The second stage of drug rehabilitation is the removal of psychological dependence, that is, psychological withdrawal, which refers to the complete elimination of drug addiction through non-drug treatment and rehabilitation support, and the normal integration into society, mainly in the long-term withdrawal period (a few days to several years). Among them, the persistent psychological desire during withdrawal is the most difficult core link of psychological withdrawal, and it is also an important reason for relapse after withdrawal\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople endon new synthetic drugs are less motivated to quit than traditional drug users, and addicts often believe that synthetic drugs are not addictive, have mild symptoms and have little impact on health. In fact, synthetic drugs damage brain structure and function much more than conventional drugs, especially specific changes in neuronal function in the prefrontal cortex\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The difficulty of synthetic drugs is often not physical, but heart addiction. Stimulation and strengthening the endogenous motivation of addiction is the key and premise of the psychological withdrawal of synthetic drug addicts. Investigator from the neurophysiology\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, rehabilitation science\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, sociology\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, psychology\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003eAnd other disciplinary perspective, from the family factors\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, interpersonal relation\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, social support\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003eAnd other external factors, and personality traits\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, self efficacy\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Personal experience and other internal factors to explore the psychological addiction and relapse behavior.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMost domestic and foreign studies on the dynamic system of addicts focus on the motivational level. Foreign studies (Williams, 2002) point out that the motivation for drug rehabilitation is one of the important factors affecting addiction treatment or intervention\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. When external motivation and internal motivation merge, external motivation can play a role stably\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The external compulsion and the motivation score are inversely related, and the stronger the external constraint, the higher the relapse rate (Murphy, 2003)\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. In China, Lu Boxiao et al. (2021) compiled a motivation scale for drug rehabilitation from four dimensions of drug rehabilitation identity, self-blame and guilt, external pressure and willingness to seek help\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Gao Pengcheng et al. (2021) conducted in-depth interviews with 11 drug abusers and found that drug rehabilitation strategies varied at different stages, and internal motivation played a crucial role\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, But internal motivation is not the same as endogenous motivation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study attempts to propose the concept of \"endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal\", which is about the motivation system, internally stimulated, and more deep psychological resources than motivation. Because the connotation of the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal is not clear, let alone the exploration of relevant psychological mechanisms, it also leads to the neglect of psychological factors in the process of addiction withdrawal. Therefore, this study intends to use root theory research method, focus on the theory structure, the core of addiction success or failure of psychological resources, and how the external factors interact with addiction endogenous dynamic influence the behavior of addicts, in order to provide theoretical reference.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Subjects and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eParticipants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the principle of theoretical sampling, the strategy of intensity sampling is adopted to select typical cases with large information and individual differences. The sample selection criterion is whether the object (or expected) can provide a new perspective and promote the construction or deepening of the theory (Flick, 2002 / 2007; Lyons, Cowley, 2007 / 2010). At the beginning of the study, the number of interviewees was not planned until the data was saturated, no new information appeared, and the theoretical construction was saturated, so the interview was stopped\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This study is based on the field research conducted at a 9 drug rehabilitation centers in Fujian Province from March 2021 to November 2021, The identity categories of the interviewees include: ① Persons in compulsory isolation (7 persons), Sampling requirements: multiple unsuccessful addiction withdrawal, Repeat aspiration is experienced more than 5 times, At least 3 times of compulsory drug rehabilitation experience; ② Successful withdrawal (7), The sampling principle is that the drug has been successfully withdrawn for more than 3 years, And keep in long-term contact with the police to ensure that they maintain integrity; ③ Front-line staff of drug rehabilitation brigade (brigade administrator, head of sports drug rehabilitation, psychological consultant of the brigade) (6), The interview and sampling requirements are for the front-line control police officers, Direct contact and a full understanding of the drug-dependent groups, At least 7 years of work experience, Up to 23 years. In order to ensure the reliability and validity of the study, we selected control cases (individuals with successful and repeated abstinence) for material analysis and mutual verification. After data collection, a total of 20 participants (11 males, 9 women), aged 20 to 45 (820\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;30; 731\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;40; 541\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;45;).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e(2) Research methods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe root theory was first proposed by two American scholars Glaser and Strauss in 1967. It is a qualitative research method to establish the theory by sorting out the principal relations from the empirical data of all parties. This study conducted in-depth interviews, conceptual deconstruction and theoretical construction based on grounded theory research methods. The interview outline mainly includes four aspects: the personal experience of first exposure to drugs; the psychological process of repeated \"relapse-relapse\"; the attribution of drug addiction (individual psychological characteristics, behavioral characteristics, external factors, etc.); what expectations for the future (the source of withdrawal motivation). Typical questions are: \" What do you think are the key psychological factors affecting your success and failure?\"\" What changes do you think you want to make inside yourself?\"\" What psychological factors cause you to relapse?\"\" What help do you think the outside world needs to give you to help you maintain your integrity?\" ....\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the interview process, the interview process ends when the information obtained from the interviewees reaches saturation. The key sentences in the interview were recorded by the researcher, and the recording of the interview was converted into a verbatim script within 24 hours. The final recording lasted 1,136 minutes, and 193,000 words were compiled according to the recording. Through the three-level coding process of open coding, spindle coding and selective coding of the interview text, constantly comparing, refining and rising, the core concepts are abstract and the theoretical model is gradually constructed\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. A triangular correction of the data was formed by constantly comparing the common units of meaning in different cases (successful withdrawal, unsuccessful abstinence, and staff).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e(3) Data analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThrough Q SR Nvivo 11.0 (N11) qualitative analysis software to edit, code and analyze the data, to help researchers to code and search, and establish the index, logical relationship and theory\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The analysis process includes three programs: open coding, spindle coding and selective coding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003efinding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e(1) Composition of endogenous motivation and key external causes (results of coding levels)\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1. Open coding: extract concepts and categories\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach respondent was given a corresponding number (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), and the N11 software was used to carefully consider the contents of the words, sentences and paragraphs in the imported data. Based on the theory of open coding analysis method, follow the \"definition material-excavation category-category name-open coding-coding notes\" program, to \"addiction endogenous power for\" problem core, in the meaning of repeated case data unit, the dismantling into nodes, then the node classification, then produce type belongs to the initial category\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The initial category of endogenous motivation for addiction involved 449 reference points and 228 reference points for key external causes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2. Spindle coding and selective coding: genus analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBy establishing the correlation between different categories, the spindle code continues to refine, adjust and classify each code number obtained in the open code again around the core problem, merge the parts with similar significance, clarify and sort out the internal connection between the code number, and select the main category\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Selective coding is the dominant core category refined through systematic analysis on the basis of the main category, and all categories and relationships can be sorted out and connected in series to form a complete theoretical interpretation framework.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal abstracts 20 initial categories and 11 main categories from the initial 449 reference points according to the above method. It is found that the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal has constructed four core categories: \"sense of control\", \"sense of meaning of life\", \"goal pursuit\" and \"cutting and expectation\". The key external factors are composed of two core categories: \"external resistance of relapse behavior\" and \"external power of reconstruction behavior\".(See Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3. The saturation test\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheoretical saturation test is the standard to judge whether the sampling is sufficient. When the collected data or data produce no new theory and never develop any category, it is considered as theoretical saturation. In this study, the remaining original data retained for the test were randomly selected and analyzed again. However, no new initial categories and new relationships appeared. Therefore, the theoretical model constructed in this study is in line with the saturation test.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpen encoding and classification of endogenous dynamics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore category\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003efundamental category\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esource\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003einitial\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edatum node\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"5\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeeling of control\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore self-evaluation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e● CG To tell you the truth, I think I adapt to the ability and work ability are very strong, come out to want to do a good job, learn things first.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e○ WCG I now suck the body is not good, also can not make money to support myself, go out also do not know what to do, can only go step by step.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e◎ GJ They have hands and feet and can work hard and change their muddled life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbility evaluation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e● CG When I signed up to volunteer, it was a way to let others know me again, enrich and improve myself, and bid farewell to the original circle. In this way to give back to the society, I feel valuable to the society. Now I will try my best to help my friends who used to take drugs to live and encourage them to enrich themselves first.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e○ WCG drug smoking numb off, what things do not know. You see nothing I've done for most of my life. To put it bluntly, drug addicts are of little value to society.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e◎ GJ actually has two extremes, extremely conceited or extremely low self-esteem. Most of them want a new life, to be recognized, and to have a respected life. The most fundamental thing is how strong their inner motivation is.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eValue evaluation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA sense of personal control\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e● When CG is not happy, it will find friends to drink tea and chat, exercise to adjust. I used to quarrel with my family every day. Now I will take the initiative to tell them about my recent life and let them know that I have lived a good life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e○ WCG uncomfortable or a bad mood to want to suck, this way conditioned reflex. Encounter unhappy things, the first will think of these things. Like I also have no friends, can only rely on this arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e◎ When GJ encounter major things, and the psychological fluctuations are very big, it is a high-risk scene that they are very easy to relapse into. Most of the time they can not regulate their emotions through other things, relieve their pressure will relapse. Many team members are impulsive personalities without considering the consequences. They can do what they want at the moment. However, whether this is a change caused by long-term drug use or the original characteristics is impossible to verify.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional regulation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e● CG If I knew he had this kind of (drug use), I will not make friends with him, if I play this thing (drug) will be far away from me, do a stranger.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e○ WCG friends play with this thing (drugs), I don't play myself, feel and don't have to play, and then play with them. A brother out a few pick up the wind wash dust brazier a cross, drink smoke smoke up things (meth) handed over.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e◎ GJ obviously has a herd mentality, friends play you play have no friends. Go out to play together, the young people see this new thing is curious, show off, very fun. Without independent thinking and judgment, it is the kind.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman control\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestriction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e● CG My life should not be like this, I don't want to go to the kind of life in the street rat. People like us who have taken poison can also have a normal life, just have to pay more effort to prove themselves.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e○ WCG to tell the truth should quit all quit, I also want to quit, it is really difficult, I think drugs just can not quit. What else can people like us do? This life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e◎ GJ they think it was just unlucky to be caught by the public security. People bowed their heads under the eaves and bowed their heads, as soon as the time comes to return to society, he may immediately integrate into the original environment, never thinking to change their life and fate.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDestiny view\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e● CG When I was first out, I was very confused and helpless. I didn't know what I wanted to do. I'm afraid I don't have that concentration myself. I went directly to Beijing to learn beauty, and then gradually integrated into the new friends, I felt that the people around me are very beautiful.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e○ There is no corner of the WCG society where we stay. I have no tomorrow, no hope, it doesn't matter, do not want to try to transform, life is not able to look forward to. Go out is to be look down upon by others, look for a job to know you have sucked poison, won't want you. Society is so unfair to us.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e◎ When GJ faces difficulties and helplessness, his own motivation is the most important, and the ability to change the environment is also very important. The emotional support and practical support of his family members, as well as the help of social communities, these are very comprehensive and systematic influences.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeeling of helplessness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eNote: ● CG ○ WCG represents ◎ GJ represents frontline police officers\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimited to the space limit, only show the initial category under the [sense of control] in the core category, the main category and the original data of some typical cases. The analysis order is: original data-initial concept-main category-core category.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of the main axis (second-level) coding nodes of the endogenous dynamics of addiction withdrawal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eorder number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInitial coding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eaxial coding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of reference points\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore code (category)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbility evaluation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore self-evaluation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeeling of control\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eValue evaluation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional control\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA sense of personal control\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman control\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDestiny view\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestriction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003efeeling of helplessness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeaning cognition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe meaning of life is pursued\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sense of meaning of life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeaning experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeeling of unreality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeeling of unreality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHazard view\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrug cognition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIgnorance view\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoal setting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoal setting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTarget pursuit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebehavior Disposition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExecution\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAction plan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividual attitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttitude expression\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCut and expect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup attitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological response in high-risk scenarios\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddiction strategy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpectations for future life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional support\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGet support\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractical help\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eamount to\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e449\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of key external factor spindle (secondary) coding nodes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eorder number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInitial coding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eaxial coding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of reference points\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore code (category)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic security crackdown\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal supervision mechanism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal constraints of relapse behavior\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunity regulation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily supervision\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrict management\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation in drug rehabilitation center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily economic ability\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily construction ability\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn external boost to rebuilding behavior\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelatives and friends to provide for reemployment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily emotional support\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpersonal relation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial support\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployment support\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentity reconstruction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eamount to\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e228\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4. Reliability test\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe improvement of reliability mainly started from two aspects: First, in terms of improving the reliability of the interview materials, the main visitor was the national second-level psychological consultant, who deeply studied the field of drug rehabilitation for six years to understand the language and context of the drug subculture to ensure the quality of the interview. After the interview, the content and outline of the interview were adjusted in time. In addition, the data was triangular corrected by continuously comparing the same meaning units of different sources (typical dependence, successful addicts and front-line police). Second, examine whether the coded categories can be used to analyze the data of other respondents, and whether the relevant analysis can confirm the positive and negative data in the control cases (typical dependence, successful addicts), so as to improve the reliability of the analysis. Thirdly, in order to avoid the deviation of the qualitative material analysts from the results, the Kappa coefficient and coding consistency coefficient were used to test the consistency of the items summarized by the three analysts, and the results were 0.81 and 0.95 respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5. Validity test\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipant test and non-participant test were mainly used. The feedback of all the examiners was summarized, and carefully reviewed and handled respectively. If the feedback is inconsistent with the study results or the feedback are different, the researcher will return to the original data for continuous comparison and reflection among cases. If the generation of the study results is fully based, the study results will be retained; if the evidence is insufficient, the original results will be revised according to the proposal. Regardless of whether revised or not, it are fully explained to the examiners according to relevant psychological theories and research norms in order to reach a consensus. Ultimately, examiners from different sources help to improve the validity of the findings from different perspectives and levels. In addition, this study also uses some effective methods to avoid the validity risks of study sampling, researcher identity, data collection and analysis process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e(2) The psychological mechanism of the lack of endogenous motivation in addicted individuals: \"four-factor onion model\"\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study in the comparative analysis of control case (addiction success and several relapse not addicts), on the basis of root research construction of the core category of endogenous power defined as: \"synthetic drug dependence has the sense of control, life meaning, goal pursuit, cutting and expectation, the sum of the four elements of the positive aspects,\" based that drug dependence addiction lack of endogenous power is an important internal cause of relapse. The theoretical connotation of the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal is mainly manifested in the following four aspects:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst, the sense of control (the core element of endogenous motivation) mainly includes three dimensions: the core self-evaluation, the sense of individual control and the sense of restriction. The sense of control refers to a cognitive state in which people believe that their choices and behaviors are consistent with the corresponding results. It is usually regarded as a representation of real control and belongs to the intuitive feeling of individuals\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Rotter (1966) In the theory of control points, people are divided into internal control individuals and external control individuals according to the differences in the control sense to explain the different treatment methods that some people rise to the difficulties and others sabotage their work\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Internal control individuals believe that the result of life comes from the efforts to pursue the process and experience that they are the creators of life. On the contrary, external control individuals believe that external forces control their own fate, and often attribute the relapse to external factors such as society, luck or others. There are great differences in the psychological state and behavior mode of individuals with a sense of control and those who lose their sense of control. In this study, the sense of control is in the core position, and if the sense of control is missing for a long time, it is difficult for individuals to produce positive endogenous motivation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondly, the sense of meaning of life (the second level of endogenous power), which includes three sub-dimensions of life meaning cognition, the sense of emptiness and the cognition view of drugs. The sense of meaning of life\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003eIt is the degree of an individual's cognition of the meaning of life, a goal that can give individuals a sense of direction and value (Emmons, 2003). Frank (1985), the founder of Meaning Therapy, believes that human beings are born with an internal motivation to find the meaning of life, and the basic motivation of human survival is to seek the purpose and meaning of life\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. When individuals lack the meaning of life, there will be feelings of emptiness, boredom and boredom, and severe cases will lead to \"psychoneurosis\", such as suicide and antisocial behaviors\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e(Littman-Ovadia \u0026amp; Steger,2010)。When the addict looks at the meaning of life, their attitude is often negative, self-abandonment and so on.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThird, goal pursuit (the third level of endogenous power), which mainly includes two sub-dimensions of target setting and action force. Goal pursuit refers to the pursuit of short-term and long-term planning, actively change the status quo attitude and firm behavior intention. Individuals who successfully quit addiction have the tendency to be aggressive, good at planning, strong action and pay attention to long-term interests. On the other hand, if there is no goal, weak will, focus on the immediate pleasure will fall into a relapse cycle.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFourth, cutting and expectation (the fourth level of endogenous power), including three sub-dimensions: attitude expression, addiction withdrawal strategy, and obtaining support. Cutting and expectation are the cutting attitude of drug addicts towards the past drug life and the expectation for a new life in the future. When an individual has a firm attitude towards addiction withdrawal, psychological and behavioral strategies to deal with different high-risk situations, and positive identity reconstruction awareness and action, the individual's endogenous motivation for addiction withdrawal is sufficient.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe onion model is a structure wrapped from the inside to the outside. The closer the inner layer, the harder it is to detect, and the closer the inner layer, the closer the outer layer. The relationship between the \"four-factor Onion model\": the sense of control is the most core element, and the sense of life meaning is second only to the sense of control. If the sense of control and meaning of life is missing, they both hinder the occurrence of goal pursuit, cutting and expectation. Lack of goal pursuit, passive cutting and expectation will in turn lead to a sense of control, further leading to a negative sense of meaning in life, and thus this cycle mechanism forms the psychological mechanism of individuals who fail to quit addiction for many times. In conclusion, this study believes that the sense of runaway, loss of meaning, pursuit of negative goals, passive cutting and expectation. The \"four-factor onion model\" explains the psychological mechanism of addiction failure of addicts on synthetic drugs, and ultimately leads to the behavioral path of [relapse-rehabilitation-relapse].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(3) Overall endogenous power resource depletion model\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal, individual psychological motivation consists of four core categories: sense of control, sense of life meaning, goal pursuit, cutting and expectation, among which the sense of control is the core, and each category affects each other. External factors and individual endogenous power and promote individual activities, addiction of endogenous power key external factors of external constraints and reconstruction behavior of external power two core category, namely the rehab education and external supervision mechanism of the two relapse behavior of external constraints, and family internal construction ability and social support the two reconstruction behavior of external power. Integrate internal and external motivation, and establish the \"model of overall endogenous motivation resource depletion of addicts\".\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eThe psychological mechanism of endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal: \"four-factor onion model\"\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo explore the production of drug dependence patients addiction behavior and able to maintain the core of the psychological dynamic factors, this study through in-depth interviews, observation, using root theory research method, the recycling data sorting, open coding, spindle coding, selective coding, from 190000 words to 449 initial concept, 20 initial category, 11 main category, gradually concise the four core category: \"control\" \"life meaning\" \"goal pursuit\" and look to \"cutting\", namely synthetic drug dependence addiction endogenous dynamics. Based on the above, the \"four-factor Onion model\" is used to explain why the sense of control is at the first level and how the factors interact with each other.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst of all, the sense of control is the core element of the endogenous power, and it is the most critical part. The reason for this is that the sense of control is a personality trait, with individual differences between stability and generality. The sense of control refers to the tendency of an individual to explain its success and failure, which emphasizes the causal relationship between action and outcome, so the sense of control determines people's cognition of life events and various choices. The loss of control not only causes physical and mental health problems, but also encourages addicts to find various ways to compensate for their sense of control\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, So much so that perception, faith, behavior will change, it can be said to affect the whole body. A sense of control is critical when a threatening situation lacks an appropriate strategy\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The sense of control not only effectively reduces negative emotions such as anxiety and depression, but also affects individual decision-making and behavioral response patterns. Chen Qiuting (2015) found through a study of college students that the sense of internal control can significantly predict the sense of life\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Although the study subjects are different, the results partly support the theoretical conception of this study, indicating that the sense of control is the most deep in the psychological mechanism of addiction withdrawal motivation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sense of life meaning is the second level of endogenous power. The sense of meaning in life includes motivation, cognition, emotion, the individual's understanding, pursuit and realization of goals, and the accompanying sense of achievement. The sense of meaning of life is a choice and goal in life, and can play a navigation role for the individual in the process of achieving the goal\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, And then to achieve the purpose of self-recognition (Crumbaugh J.C,1969)。The meaning of individual life feels the restriction of multiple factors, which is positively correlated with education level, interpersonal relationship quality and social support\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The sense of meaning of life is closely related to emotions and affects the mental health of individuals (Van Tongeren \u0026amp; Green, 2010), which also directly affects people's subject happiness\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Personality is the basis of the sense of life meaning experience. New research has found that the sense of life meaning is the most important prediction of loneliness, an indicator, followed by social relationships\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Loneliness is closely related to relapse behavior\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Drug dependence people scored significantly lower on social relationships than normal adults, and those excluded from social relationships and unable to develop social relationships can also directly lead to the lack of the sense of life\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The sense of meaning of life is in the second level of the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal, which is the basis for setting goals, guiding individuals to carry out the occurrence of behaviors such as \"goal pursuit\" and \"cutting and expectation\", and pointing out the direction for action. Thus, the ability of individuals to give life \"value and meaning\" is an indispensable psychological resource in drug-dependent groups. Taking the sense of control and the meaning of life as the entry point is more conducive to the specific grasp of the deep motivation of psychological addiction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs the third level, goal pursuit is more likely to be perceived by individuals, and tends to target the psychological motivation of individuals at the behavioral level. Compared with the second level of life meaning, the sense of life meaning is internal, the pursuit of refinement, tends to the core, the goal pursuit is external, practical, the pursuit of concrete and diversified. Goal pursuit is influenced not only by the sense of life meaning, but also by the sense of control. A study of beliefs in a just world found that when individuals gain a sense of control over the world, they commit people to long-term goals and follow social norms\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e(Du Jianzheng, 2007). Target pursuit includes two sub-dimensions of goal setting and action force. According to the five-stage theory of the transtheoretical model, the goal pursuit is in the transition stage between the preparation stage and the action stage, that is, the stage of the evolution from cognitive change to behavioral change. Goal pursuit requires drug users to set reasonable short-term and long-term goals and acquire the knowledge and skills to change the status quo. The sense of control and the sense of life meaning determines the degree of goal pursuit.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCutting and expectation are the fourth level of endogenous dynamics, which is most prominent due to its dominance. Cutting the past is not only reflected in the cognitive attitude, but also in the action level. Active cutting is conducive to the individual to gain a sense of control. There is a significant correlation between feelings of control and expectations, and expectations for the future facilitate the pursuit of goals and the sense of meaning in life\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e(Baumeister \u0026amp; Masicampo, 2010)。With \"goal pursuit\" and \"cutting and expectation\" as the focus, it is more conducive to the landing operation of psychological addiction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe theoretical model of endogenous dynamics rooted in this study is a nested \"onion model\" with four factors (sense of control, sense of life meaning, goal pursuit, cutting and expectation). This model is also supported by some studies. Kennedy et al. (2009) found through the relationship between self-determination theory (SDT) and the transtheoretical model (TTM) that people with higher levels of internal motivation into abstinence treatment were more likely to be in the action stage, with internal motivation playing a key role in abstinence behavior and long-term adherence\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Internal motivation for withdrawal refers to the psychological tendency of an individual to produce a withdrawal behavior based on internal needs. In the study, it can be seen that the endogenous motivation is deeper and pays more attention to the inner world of the individual than the internal motivation, focusing on the internal dynamic system of the individual. In other words, endogenous withdrawal is also likely to predict the occurrence and maintenance of withdrawal behavior in dependent persons. The endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal is the core psychological resource needed for synthetic drug-dependent users to produce and maintain addiction withdrawal behavior. Only when drug addicts have the positive aspects of the four elements of endogenous motivation can they become active abstinence people, promote the occurrence of the abstinence behavior and maintain the abstinence behavior for a long time. Psychological addiction is to stimulate the positive aspects of the four elements of endogenous motivation, so that the individual radiates active endogenous motivation, and change \"want me to get drugs\" to \"I want to get drugs\".\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eThe key external factors and their psychological mechanisms affecting the endogenous dynamics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSo far, the first question has been answered through the four-factor onion model: the theoretical connotation of the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal. The second question needs to be discussed: how do endogenous motivation and key external factors interact to form a stable psychological mechanism of addiction withdrawal?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. The influence of external constraints of relapse behavior on endogenous dynamics\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal motivation resources and external resources often cooperate to promote individual activities, and the complexity of the environment of drug dependence people also has an impact on the endogenous motivation of individual addiction withdrawal. In view of the possible relapse behavior of drug rehabilitation personnel, the relapse idea or behavior through environmental restriction is one of the important external factors to improve the individual internal motivation, and the external restriction includes the external supervision mechanism and internal education. The strict external supervision mechanism, from family supervision to community supervision and severe crackdown by the public security system, forms a psychological barrier of layer upon layer protection, prompting the drug dependence to keep the alarm bell ringing, and then stimulate the endogenous motivation. And whether this also has some side effects, is it possible to make its sense of control further missing?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThose identified as \"drug users\" will be registered by the public security organs for dynamic monitoring, irregular door-to-door examination and urine test. With the continuous innovation of information technology, while deterring drug crimes and improving the drug governance system, the drug rehabilitation personnel are also permanently labeled as \"drug addicts\", which undoubtedly increases the difficulty for them to return to the mainstream society, and then induces negative endogenous motivation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe difficulty of external restriction lies in the grasp of degree.\"After I came out of rehab, my family was almost inseparable with me, feeling like they didn't trust me. They took turns to watch me every day. I couldn't go out for more than two hours, and I would call me next to jail.\" (Success).\"Once when I was on a business trip with my colleague, a group of police rushed up on the train and took me away (for a urine test), which scared my colleagues. I could not lift their heads and they were talking about me behind my back\" (typical relapse). The returning personnel feel a serious threat and return to social difficulties, \" they often take compensation behavior or the psychology of breaking the pot. A reasonable exit mechanism is very important, but this is also very contradictory for us.\"(frontline police language). To sum up, reasonable external constraints can improve the endogenous motivation of addicted individuals and reduce the control compensation behaviors such as \"it is meaningless to live anyway\" and \"just the last time\".\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. External support for reconstruction behavior\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe reconstruction behavior of drug dependence people refers to the reconstruction and adaptation behavior of life and social relations when faced with a new environment after experiencing two years of compulsory isolation. This study summarizes two key external factors of reconstruction behavior: internal family building capacity and social support.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe reason why we attach importance to family factors is that in the multi-level social environment, family, as the most basic unit of individual socialization, is an important bridge between the relationship between individuals and society, so family-related variables are particularly important. Belcher (2011) that the internal construction of the family mainly includes two indicators: one is entity, the other is spirit\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Physical is mainly reflected in family economic ability, re-employment opportunities, positive guidance, survival safety and personal development; spiritual is mainly reflected in the emotional support of family members, individual acceptance, perceived positive meaning of life, and inspiring the courage to overcome difficulties. These two factors have positive energy flowing upward, which can accumulate motivation for addiction. These positive internal construction of the family is reflected in the summary of the interview: \" After the exit, my uncle took me to the field and arranged my work and training (to learn beauty). The care of the family made me very firm and cut off in the past. It's hard to get out without family support.\"\" My aunt treats me better than her own son. I feel that I must speak openly and upright in order to repay her kindness to me.\"In the study, we see that the family building capacity stimulates the endogenous motivation of addiction to some extent. In the process of exploring the psychological motivation of the family, the obvious positive force and addiction withdrawal trend were found.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial support is another key factor, referring to objective, visible practical support as well as subjective support of understood emotional experience\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. As there is no specific and operational legal provisions on the resettlement of drug addicts, and no clear responsibility and authority of various functional departments, the resettlement of drug addicts is a mere formality, which makes it difficult for drug addicts to return to society. This study found that social support for drug addicts included three factors: employment support, interpersonal relationship and identity reconstruction. In the absence of social support, the identity of the regression reconstruction is also facing many difficulties, \"society did not give us such (once smoked) foothold\", \"go out to find a job, a check others know I have smoked before, where still dare to me;\" (typical drug dependent relapse said). The improvement of the social support system will bring psychological help to the individuals who are struggling to return, so as to enhance the sense of control and meaning of life in the endogenous motivation\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpirical studies found that intra-family building capacity (e. g., family economic level) influenced the endogenous motivation of addiction (e. g., sense of control)\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Support from families can significantly reduce individuals 'sense of hopelessness for the future, improve individuals' sense of learned helplessness for the real environment, and change negative and pessimistic expectations for the future\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Good parent-child relationship is the basis of the follow-up intervention work in drug rehabilitation. In addition, Zhang Zhenyu (2004) found in the study of addicts that positive and good social support can play a role in buffer and protecting individuals in stress state, and is an essential external condition to promote the endogenous motivation of addiction\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch limitations and future prospects\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study with the endogenous power of addiction as the breakthrough point, for the first time to clarify the concept of endogenous power under the background of drug rehabilitation, and the establishment of the \"four factors onion model\" can initially explain the dependence of the lack of addiction, provide theoretical support for accurate psychological counseling, also from different perspective to explain individual needs and motivation, enrich the study of individual dynamic system. Combined with the endogenous and external perspectives, the overall theoretical framework \"the overall endogenous motivation resource depletion model of addiction addicts\" is constructed, which provides a reference path for stimulating endogenous motivation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough some enlightening views have been obtained, due to the particularity of the population background, the data is limited and there are still deficiencies. From the perspective of the research nature, the qualitative research results are easy to be influenced by the researchers' subjective thoughts, and there may be deviations in the interpretation of the results. From the perspective of research scope, the sampling of this study is mainly concentrated in Fujian province, while the research has not been carried out in other areas, and there are still deficiencies in geographical applicability to be verified.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, in the future, we should compile a checklist of addiction withdrawal with high reliability and validity to verify the psychological mechanism of psychological withdrawal, clarify the weight of various factors in psychological motivation, and analyze the psychological dynamic characteristics of different age groups or different withdrawal stages. The research scope is extended to different provinces or regions, and it is also necessary to reverify the accuracy of the endogenous power resource depletion model. From the perspective of drug rehabilitation education practice, further research can be based on the four-factor onion model of endogenous motivation, formulate efficient and feasible measures of accurate psychological resource training measures, and form effective psychological intervention means to stimulate the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the \"four-factor onion model\" with the lack of control sense, negative sense of life meaning, negative goal pursuit, passive cutting and expectation is the negative internal driving force of drug dependence.(2) The lack of sense of control is an important inducement for the lack of endogenous motivation for individual addiction, and the lack of external supervision of withdrawal mechanism may be one of the external reasons for the lack of sense of control.(3) The gradual improvement of the family internal construction capacity and the social support system can stimulate the endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal and promote the reconstruction behavior of addictive individuals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe endogenous motivation of addiction withdrawal is the core psychological resource for synthetic drug-dependent people to get rid of addiction, and it is an explanatory framework applicable to the psychological dynamic differences and characteristic characteristics of different individuals with addiction withdrawal success or failure.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe are grateful to the Rehabilitation and Addiction Treatment Center .\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript only agrees to be published in this journal, there is no conflict.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe declare that this work was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXiaohuan Gan , Shen Wang conceived and designed the experiments. Jing song Wang experimental subjects, signed the informed consent process .\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics statement\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by The Institutional Review Board at the Fujian Normal University. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that this study received funding from\u0026nbsp;the National Social Science Foundation of China (Authorization Number:20BTY122). The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll datasets generated for this study are included in the article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eXia Gome, Yang Xiushi, Li Jun, Miao Jia. Causes and Consequences of new drug abuse [J]. 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Psychological science, and 2004(03):739-740.DOI:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.2004.03.061.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"drug dependence, internal motivation of abstinence, rooting theory","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3981305/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3981305/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eStimulating and strengthening the endogenous motivation of abstinence is the key and prerequisite for the psychological withdrawal of synthetic drug addicts.At present, there is still a lack of systematic explanation framework for the endogenous motivation of abstinence.The article takes endogenous motivation as the starting point, combines endogenous and exogenous two-way perspectives, and based on in-depth interviews, the grounded theory research method, adopts the intensity sampling strategy, and takes typical drug addicts, successful drug addicts, and front-line policemen in drug rehabilitation centers under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province as the research objects to build an overall endogenous motivation resource exhaustion model for drug addicts.The research shows that: (1) the \"four factor onion model\" with lack of control, negative sense of life meaning, negative goal pursuit, passive cutting and expectation as the main body is the negative internal driving force for drug addicts to quit addiction.(2) The lack of sense of control is an important inducement for the lack of endogenous motivation to quit addiction, and the lack of external supervision of withdrawal mechanism may be one of the external reasons for the lack of sense of control.(3) The gradual improvement of family internal construction capacity and social support system can stimulate the endogenous motivation of abstinence and promote the reconstruction behavior of abstinence individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Qualitative study on endogenous dynamic mechanism of drug dependence","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-02-26 13:43:54","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3981305/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8a6f4452-62d3-48ea-a6ee-a008ecada3c5","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 26th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-11T03:08:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-02-26 13:43:54","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3981305","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3981305","identity":"rs-3981305","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}