Synergistic integration of LED illumination and sex pheromones: Advancing the trapping efficacy for Anoplophora glabripennis

Synergistic integration of LED illumination and sex pheromones: Advancing the trapping efficacy for Anoplophora glabripennis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Synergistic integration of LED illumination and sex pheromones: Advancing the trapping efficacy for Anoplophora glabripennis Zepeng Yang, Huangling Wang, Mengyao Wang, Juyun Yao, Xiaoxia Hai, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9256128/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Anoplophora glabripennis is a highly destructive forest pest native to East Asia and poses a high-risk invasion threat to North America and Europe. While semiochemical-based lures are essential for monitoring A. glabripennis , their field efficacy remains insufficient. Given the potential of visual stimuli to enhance insect attraction, we systematically evaluated the integration of monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) wavelengths and their integration with semiochemicals-including both sex pheromones and host volatiles- to develop a high-efficiency multimodal trapping strategy.Initial screening of 14 monochromatic LED wavelengths revealed that 365-nm illumination was the most potent attractant for both male and female A. glabripennis . Notably, the addition of 365-nm illumination significantly enhanced the behavioral response to suboptimal chemical concentrations; specifically, it boosted female attraction to low concentrations of (-)-linalool and male-produced pheromones [4-(n-heptyloxy) butanol and 4-(n-heptyloxy) butanal], while increasing male sensitivity to female-emitted blends (heptanal, nonanal, and hexadecanal). Semi-field trials in greenhouse cages confirmed a synergistic effect, where the combination of 365-nm LEDs and female pheromones attracted significantly more males within a 100-cm radius than either stimulus alone. In contrast, no such synergy was observed for female attraction when male-produced pheromones were added to LED-baited traps. Finally, field experiments validated the enhanced efficacy of this multimodal approach for male capture, although this effect varied between study sites. Collectively, these results suggest that integrating visual (UVA-LED) and olfactory (semiochemical) cues can improve trapping efficiency compared to single-stimulus methods, providing a promising multimodal framework for the precision monitoring and capture of A. glabripennis . Anoplophora glabripennis multimodal trapping strategies 365 nm LED light semiochemical Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files FeiLyuetal.manuscripttrackchangeversion.doc ResponsetoReviewersJPS20251271.Sub.Ed.docx FeiLyuetal.Supplementaryfiles.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 18 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 18 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 30 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 30 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 28 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9256128","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":630834138,"identity":"9a01999d-2e99-4764-8e89-aa00be58a049","order_by":0,"name":"Zepeng Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hebei Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zepeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":630834139,"identity":"0291413e-9457-4a04-bc11-372690d9115a","order_by":1,"name":"Huangling Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hebei Agricultural 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