A new and comprehensive experimentally supported view of crystallization, crystal melting and the glass transition

A new and comprehensive experimentally supported view of crystallization, crystal melting and the glass transition | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A new and comprehensive experimentally supported view of crystallization, crystal melting and the glass transition Zdeněk Černošek, Jana Holubová This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6782303/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Using unmodulated StepScan DSC technique it was determined that crystal melting is initiated by a resonant increase in heat capacity, leading to lattice breakdown. A thermodynamic limit of the lowest possible crystallization temperature was also found. A fundamental problem of the kinetic model of the glass state has been identified - neglecting quite common but crucial van der Waals interactions. The consequences of these interactions will immediately eliminate debatable issues of the kinetic model and show that the glass transition is a thermodynamically equilibrium process dependent only on the chemical composition. At temperatures below the glass transition, only the solid phase exist, either as a thermodynamically stable crystal or a thermodynamically metastable glass. A key consequence of the thermodynamics of the glass transition is the elimination of the thermodynamically unrealistic entropy crisis knows as the Kauzmann paradox, which is only a consequence of the kinetic model. Materials Chemistry Crystallization Crystal melting Glass transition van der Waals forces Kauzmann paradox StepScan DSC Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6782303","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":464026403,"identity":"33db50b7-8a20-440f-a4be-0f7ddc8e3cf0","order_by":0,"name":"Zdeněk Černošek","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zdeněk","middleName":"","lastName":"Černošek","suffix":""},{"id":464026402,"identity":"99a2b1a4-5b17-449e-a4bf-fde5d3804a54","order_by":1,"name":"Jana Holubová","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYIIcMgAeJWkKCFB6LlDAlWQbQwthGhmrn97MEPjDtseAxuNx+T+DnvcB5/ewPjxx/4LOjJS5ZgPJPGY3DnWJpk77bDxRJnDjBLSOB1U46BBGPbYR6DGznGBrzbDidukEhgYzDAp6X/jfEPmBbDv3OAWuQfsDEk4NMyI8cMZovhY94GkC0MbAwH8Gp5Y2aR2JbGI3nnWOJjmWPpQL8kNks24NFi2J9jfONjm40c3+3mAwff1FgDQ+zwQbwhZggyD9nlCdDoxQ3k0QUSsCgaBaNgFIyCEQ4AlzZPAHKPyJQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5556-831X","institution":"Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jana","middleName":"","lastName":"Holubová","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-30 07:47:54","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6782303/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6782303/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":84004392,"identity":"c9173781-ebc5-4a31-8935-068baa4c24f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-05 15:20:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":583311,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Cernoseketal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6782303/v1_covered_147aa084-be02-4b6c-8d35-0e55c064543a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA new and comprehensive experimentally supported view of crystallization, crystal melting and the glass transition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"University of Pardubice","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Crystallization, Crystal melting, Glass transition, van der Waals forces, Kauzmann paradox, StepScan DSC","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6782303/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6782303/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eUsing unmodulated StepScan DSC technique it was determined that crystal melting is initiated by a resonant increase in heat capacity, leading to lattice breakdown. A thermodynamic limit of the lowest possible crystallization temperature was also found. A fundamental problem of the kinetic model of the glass state has been identified - neglecting quite common but crucial van der Waals interactions. The consequences of these interactions will immediately eliminate debatable issues of the kinetic model and show that the glass transition is a thermodynamically equilibrium process dependent only on the chemical composition. At temperatures below the glass transition, only the solid phase exist, either as a thermodynamically stable crystal or a thermodynamically metastable glass. A key consequence of the thermodynamics of the glass transition is the elimination of the thermodynamically unrealistic entropy crisis knows as the Kauzmann paradox, which is only a consequence of the kinetic model.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A new and comprehensive experimentally supported view of crystallization, crystal melting and the glass transition","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-02 05:44:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6782303/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5d211874-ec0a-4456-a007-cfcf2b6913b2","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 2nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":49272860,"name":"Materials Chemistry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-02T05:44:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-02 05:44:04","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6782303","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6782303","identity":"rs-6782303","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}