Abstract
Levanderina fissa, a globally distributed mixotrophic dinoflagellate, is known for its ability to photosynthesize and phagocytize microorganisms. This study aims to approximate the phylogenetic position and explore the morphological variability of L. fissa in Acapulco Bay, Mexico, while providing observations on its diatom feeding behavior. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28S and 18S ribosomal DNA sequences suggests the existence of a monophyletic group within the Gymnodiniales, though with low phylogenetic resolution, indicating potential cryptic species within the genus. Morphological analysis reveals variability that may be influenced by regional environmental factors. Observations on diatom ingestion provide further, albeit limited, insights into the mixotrophic behavior of L. fissa. These findings emphasize the need for further research to better understand the species' ecological role and phylogenetic position, particularly concerning its feeding strategies in tropical ecosystems.
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Abstract
Levanderina fissa, a globally distributed mixotrophic dinoflagellate, is known for its ability to photosynthesize and phagocytize microorganisms. This study aims to approximate the phylogenetic position and explore the morphological variability of L. fissa in Acapulco Bay, Mexico, while providing observations on its diatom feeding behavior. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28S and 18S ribosomal DNA sequences suggests the existence of a monophyletic group within the Gymnodiniales, though with low phylogenetic resolution, indicating potential cryptic species within the genus. Morphological analysis reveals variability that may be influenced by regional environmental factors. Observations on diatom ingestion provide further, albeit limited, insights into the mixotrophic behavior of L. fissa. These findings emphasize the need for further research to better understand the species' ecological role and phylogenetic position, particularly concerning its feeding strategies in tropical ecosystems.
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Funding
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Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana unidad Iztapalapa
(Award UAMI-CBS2023-2026: session 84.22- 211222 and UAMI-CA-117.)
- Principal Award Recipient: María Eugenia Zamudio-Resendiz
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Fondo Conjunto de Cooperación México - Chile
(Award Fortalecimiento de Capacidades y Transferencia de Conocimientos para la Detección y Monitoreo de Toxinas Marinas en México y Chile: Una Alianza entre Investigadores, Instituciones Públicas y Pescadores Artesanales (2026))
- Principal Award Recipient: María Eugenia Zamudio-Resendiz
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