The Impacts of Stop, Question and Frisk: Evidence From The Housing Market in New York City

The Impacts of Stop, Question and Frisk: Evidence From The Housing Market in New York City | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Impacts of Stop, Question and Frisk: Evidence From The Housing Market in New York City Alexander Cardazzi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7319722/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Stop, Question and Frisk, an aggressive policing strategy, was employed in New York City until a judge ruled it unconstitutional in 2013. This study estimates the strategy's amenity value using property transactions and variation in Stop, Question and Frisk activity resulting from the trial. Results indicate prices increased by 5% for properties most exposed to Stop, Question and Frisk, relative to nearby properties, once the NYPD was ordered to cease Stop, Question and Frisk. Importantly, housing prices seem to have only responded to changes along the extensive margin of Stop, Question and Frisk, not the intensive margin. housing value stop question and frisk policing operation impact JEL Classification: K42 R21 R30 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7319722","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":501253878,"identity":"5e587e0c-304f-47a8-ab94-69494610330a","order_by":0,"name":"Alexander Cardazzi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACHiDmZ2AwAFLMJGiRbCBZi8EBYrXwtx9+9uFNTZ298fHmbRIMFdaJDYS0SJxJM5455xgbs9mZY2USDGfSCWthuMFgzMzDxsNmdiPHTIKx7TBhLfI32D8z8/yT4DGeAdLyjwgtBjd4jJl52wwkDCRAWhqI0GJ4JqeYcW5fgoHEmWPFFgnH0o0JapE7fnwzw5tvdfb87c0bb3yosZYlqAUVJJCmfBSMglEwCkYBLgAAfBM3oGqJjD4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Old Dominion University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alexander","middleName":"","lastName":"Cardazzi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-07 14:23:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7319722/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7319722/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":89532835,"identity":"e36d6ed1-17df-4932-90e5-ab29c6fc599e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-21 04:43:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1471538,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscriptsource.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7319722/v1_covered_fef8ba59-cb1c-4c8c-97ed-e056c0cf15ca.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eThe Impacts of Stop, Question and Frisk: Evidence From The Housing Market in New York City\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"housing value, stop, question, and frisk, policing, operation impact JEL Classification: K42, R21, R30","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7319722/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7319722/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Stop, Question and Frisk, an aggressive policing strategy, was employed\nin New York City until a judge ruled it unconstitutional in 2013. 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