Satellite Network Enabled Smart Grid Model for Efficient Sustainable Energy Management

Satellite Network Enabled Smart Grid Model for Efficient Sustainable Energy Management | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Satellite Network Enabled Smart Grid Model for Efficient Sustainable Energy Management S’khumbuzo M. Ncikazi, Abayomi A. Adebiyi, Musawenkosi L.T. Zulu, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8026183/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Discover Sustainability → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The increasing global energy demand and variability of renewable sources have amplified the need for intelligent, resilient, and data-driven power systems. Conventional terrestrial communication networks often struggle to provide the reliability and spatial coverage required for effective renewable energy coordination, particularly in remote or disaster-affected areas. This study proposes a novel Space-Enabled Smart Grid Framework (SE-SGF) that integrates satellite technology with terrestrial renewable energy systems to optimize generation, transmission, and load balancing. By implementing the smart grid concept that is integrated with space technology networks offers real-time data, which enables dynamic adjustments to energy flow based on changing load conditions. This makes it possible to integrate fluctuating renewable power efficiently to increase the renewable energy penetration. In essence, space technologies serve as a centralized communication hub for optimizing the use of renewable energy within a smart grid. Space technology networks improve the communication and management of the smart grid by providing information with measurable performance of the grid to improve its efficiency considerably. Matlab/Simulink software is used as a tool for integrating the solar & wind energy system with the space technology network for optimum grid management and control. Simulation results demonstrate that integrating space communication technology enhances system stability by 18.6%, reduces energy losses by 14.2%, and shortens response time to grid disturbances (stability) by 23% compared with terrestrial configurations. The proposed model offers a scalable pathway toward sustainable, resilient, and cost-efficient renewable energy management, bridging the operational gap between conventional grids and space-assisted smart infrastructure. The proposed model offers a scalable pathway toward sustainable, resilient, and cost-efficient renewable energy management, bridging the operational gap between conventional grids and space-assisted smart infrastructure. With this integration, the grid fully utilizes renewable energy sources by dynamically modifying power distribution to real-time data when integrated with space technologies. Renewable Energy System Space Science Technology Renewable Energy Management Smart Grids Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Discover Sustainability → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 26 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 24 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 21 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 13 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8026183","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":551142912,"identity":"a6327bad-ce43-46c3-a3f5-f1cd12dfa4c7","order_by":0,"name":"S’khumbuzo M. Ncikazi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Durban University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"S’khumbuzo","middleName":"M.","lastName":"Ncikazi","suffix":""},{"id":551142913,"identity":"5664f8a4-8709-49fa-8a5e-d284a362151c","order_by":1,"name":"Abayomi A. 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Conventional terrestrial communication networks often struggle to provide the reliability and spatial coverage required for effective renewable energy coordination, particularly in remote or disaster-affected areas. This study proposes a novel Space-Enabled Smart Grid Framework (SE-SGF) that integrates satellite technology with terrestrial renewable energy systems to optimize generation, transmission, and load balancing. By implementing the smart grid concept that is integrated with space technology networks offers real-time data, which enables dynamic adjustments to energy flow based on changing load conditions. This makes it possible to integrate fluctuating renewable power efficiently to increase the renewable energy penetration. In essence, space technologies serve as a centralized communication hub for optimizing the use of renewable energy within a smart grid. Space technology networks improve the communication and management of the smart grid by providing information with measurable performance of the grid to improve its efficiency considerably. Matlab/Simulink software is used as a tool for integrating the solar \u0026amp; wind energy system with the space technology network for optimum grid management and control. Simulation results demonstrate that integrating space communication technology enhances system stability by 18.6%, reduces energy losses by 14.2%, and shortens response time to grid disturbances (stability) by 23% compared with terrestrial configurations. The proposed model offers a scalable pathway toward sustainable, resilient, and cost-efficient renewable energy management, bridging the operational gap between conventional grids and space-assisted smart infrastructure. The proposed model offers a scalable pathway toward sustainable, resilient, and cost-efficient renewable energy management, bridging the operational gap between conventional grids and space-assisted smart infrastructure. With this integration, the grid fully utilizes renewable energy sources by dynamically modifying power distribution to real-time data when integrated with space technologies.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Satellite Network Enabled Smart Grid Model for Efficient Sustainable Energy Management","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-28 10:16:17","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8026183/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-10T05:24:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-07T21:58:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"247053098875718836839313742454240731667","date":"2025-11-26T11:31:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-26T10:50:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"273128824391427127888884970558152367996","date":"2025-11-24T18:11:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"189505535512309488837330239932274473876","date":"2025-11-24T13:12:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"175651128645726703967891704322005506905","date":"2025-11-24T13:08:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-24T11:05:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-21T09:13:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-13T10:04:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Sustainability","date":"2025-11-13T10:00:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-sustainability","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"disu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Sustainability](https://www.springer.com/43621)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Sustainability","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"581da676-e447-417a-b14b-084e2e689ad3","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-19T17:23:57+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8026183","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-02600-7","journal":{"identity":"discover-sustainability","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Discover Sustainability"},"publishedOn":"2026-01-13 16:29:24","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 13th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-28 10:16:17","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s43621-026-02600-7","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-02600-7","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8026183","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8026183","identity":"rs-8026183","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}