Prevalent Practices of Solid Waste Management in the Girls Hostels

Prevalent Practices of Solid Waste Management in the Girls Hostels | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Prevalent Practices of Solid Waste Management in the Girls Hostels Ekta Kapri, Manju Mehta, Sudesh Gandhi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-595516/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Waste is generated on daily basis through different activities of human beings, which leads to pollution of the environment, which may have serious implications on the health of the individual. Waste generation is also a big problem in schools and universities. To keep that problem in mind study has been conducted on the campus of CCSHAU, Hisar; with the objective to study the type and volume of waste generated in the girl’s hostels. The study estimated the daily waste generation from girl’s hostels and found waste generation rate was high but the waste collection rate was very low because of the improper ratio between the total number of students and sanitary worker. The waste management system in the university girl’s hostels requires not only an estimation of the solid waste but also an understanding of the students’ habits and behaviour towards managing solid waste. Environmental Engineering Waste management waste generation waste collection non biodegradable Introduction With the development of human race around the globe, rigorous changes have come in our everyday activity like education, recreation, travelling, feeding, clothing and with all of these activity we are generating lots of wastes in different form such as solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management (Arora and Agarwal,2011; Coker, etal.2016). According to the report by World Bank (2019) in 2016, the worlds’ cities generated 2.01 billion tonnes of solid waste, amounting to a footprint of 0.74 kilograms per person per day. Waste management can be deals with any form whether it was industrial, biological, or household where it may be harmful to human health. Municipal solid waste management practices deal with large portion of different form of waste (Environment Glossary, 2016; Cheremisinoff , 2003). Waste management practices are also a big problem of the schools and universities. Inside the hostels of schools and universities bio degradable and non biodegradable waste is generated in massive amount and this waste impacts the health of college students and their academic performance ( Davidson, 2011) . Due to the large number of students lot of waste generated in the hostels and no proper management of the waste generation causes dirtiness in the hostel and this might be major concern of the student’s health (Earthwatch, 2007). It is the extensively generic fact that many students depart their hostel room without taking care of it. The hostel sanitation practices directly affects on the living and learning condition student’s and also affects the critical thinking, intellectual development and aesthetic appreciation of students (Burnt 1995). Some student having apathetic behaviour towards their hostel surroundings, this contributes to the poor hostel sanitation practices (Ikelegbe and Ogeah, 2007). Environmental knowledge and attitude of college and school students appears to be important as their point of view which plays an important role in providing solution to future environmental problems (Ehrampoush and Moghadam, 2005). These wastes products create serious problems for the municipalities and its safe disposal is becoming a serious environmental problem to our ecology and life supporting systems. Methodology Study has been conducted in the campus of CCSHAU, Hisar. For this study the all girl’s hostels (Godavari (H1), International Girls Hostel (H2), Narmada (H3), Gangotri Old Wing (H4), Gangotri New Wing (H5), Gangotri Additional Wing (H6), and Women Scholar (H7)) was purposely selected. Key information was taken from following methods: 1) Hostel prefects and hostel managers, interactions with waste handlers, mess workers, and 2) Personal field investigation, observation and, measurement. Aim of the study was to estimate the daily waste generation and waste collection rate from girl’s hostels and the current management practices. A weighing balance machine capacity up to 100kg was used for the measurement of wastes. Waste analysis: To determine the per capita waste generation and waste collection rate the following procedures were followed: Waste generation rate (W G ): Solid waste generation rates estimate the amount of waste created by residences or businesses over a certain amount of time (day, year, etc.). Waste generation includes all materials discarded, whether or not they are later recycled or disposed in a landfill (CalRecycle, 2019) Determination of the weight of solid waste (w) Numbers of students who contributed to the waste generation. Waste generation rate (Coker, Achi, Sridhar and Donnett, 2016) Waste collection rate Waste collection is the collection of solid waste from point of production to the point of treatment or disposal. This will produce the waste composition according to the weight. The waste collection rate per students in the studied hostel block also had been determined. Waste collection rate = (Ishak, Mahayuddin, and Mohamed, 2013) Results 1. Type of waste generated in all the girls hostels Generally, waste could be liquid or solid waste. Both of them could be hazardous. Liquid and solid waste types can also be grouped into organic, re-usable and recyclable waste. Biodegradable waste is waste that can be broken down by natural processes. Typically, biodegradable waste is matter derived from plants and animals and other organisms, such as paper, food waste, plant-based plastics, and grass clippings. Non-biodegradable waste is waste that cannot be broken down through natural processes. These materials include items such as plastic bags, synthetic materials, plastic bottles, electronic items, and aluminium cans. Biodegradable and non biodegradable waste is generating from the hostels is categorised in following: Table 1: Biodegradable and Non biodegradable waste Biodegradable waste Non biodegradable waste Paper and paper packing materials Plastic waste, bottles & plastic packing materials, plastic bags Cardboard, Carton, Glass, Bulb Cloth waste Sanitary napkins, wrappers Junk food waste Rubber, Leather Fruits waste, dry fruit waste, tree leaves Metal Kitchen waste Expired Medicine Sand/dust Electronic Waste Liquid waste Cosmetic product waste In the hostels both types of waste (biodegradable and non biodegradable) was generate but some waste were generated frequently and some were occasionally. Cloth, plastic bottles, plastic bag waste generate once in a week; rubber, glass, leather waste were generated once in a month where as paper waste, cardboard, food waste, kitchen waste, liquid waste, fruit waste, poly bags, sanitary napkins generated daily in measurable amount. Plastic waste were generated in huge amount daily in various form like, bottles, milk pouches, shampoo pouches, snacks packets, etc. Sanitary napkins were major non biodegradable waste generated from the all girl’s hostels. 2. Volume of waste generated in the hostels Large amount of waste generated from all the girls’ hostels in the university. Both biodegradable and non biodegradable waste generated. There are following table shows the volume of waste generated in the girls hostels. Table 2.1: Hostel H1 Floors Volume of dustbin A block B block No. of dustbins No. of students Volume of waste generate(kg/day) No. of students No. of dustbins Volume of waste generate(kg/day) Ground 15 kg 4 23 10 kg 18 1 7 kg I st 15 kg 2 18 7 kg 18 1 7 kg II nd 15 kg 2 18 6 kg 18 1 6 kg III rd 15 kg 2 22 9 kg 18 1 5 kg Total 60 kg 10 81 32 kg 72 4 25 kg Mess 15 kg 2 18 kg Total waste = 75 kg/day Table 2.1 showed that in H1 hostel there were two blocks, A and B. In Block A there were total 81 students and in Block B there were 72 students. In Block A, total waste generation was 32 kg/day and in Block B, total waste generation was 25 kg/day and 18 kg of waste generated from mess. Total waste generation from entire hostel was 75 kg/day Table 2.2: Hostel H2 Floors Volume of dustbin No. of students No. of dustbins Volume of waste(kg/day) Ground 15 kg 9 2 2 kg I st 15 kg 14 2 4 kg II nd 15 kg 16 2 4 kg Total 4 kg 29 6 10 kg Mess 8 kg 1 8 kg Total waste= 18 kg/day Table2.2 showed that in H2 Hostel there were total 29 students and total waste generated in one day was 10 kg where 2 kg from ground floor, 4 kg from first and second floor and 8 kg from the mess. So total waste generated from the hostel was 18 kg/day. Table 2.3: Hostel H3 Floors Volume of dustbin No. of students No. of dustbins Volume of waste(kg/day) Ground 15 23 3 7 kg I st 15 40 3 15 kg II nd 15 60 3 20 kg Total 45 kg 123 9 42 kg Mess 15 2 12 kg Total waste= 54 kg/day Table 2.3 revealed that in H3 Hostel, in each floor there were three dustbins of 15 kg and 123 students generated 42 kg waste per day and 12 kg waste generated from the mess. Total 54 kg waste generated from the entire hostel per day. Table 2.4: Hostel H4 Floors Volume of dustbin No. of students No. of dustbins Volume of waste(kg/day) Ground 15 kg 62 8 20 kg I st 15 kg 49 3 15 kg II nd 15 kg 24 3 9 kg Total 45 kg 135 14 44 kg Mess 15 kg 2 15 kg Total waste= 59 kg/day Table 2.4 estimated that H4 hostel, maximum waste was generated form ground floor (20 kg/day). Total 135 students generated 44 kg of waste per day and 15 kg of waste generated from the mess per day. Table 2.5: Hostel H5 Floors Volume of dustbin No. of students No. of dustbins Volume of waste(kg/day) Ground 15 kg 63 3 18 kg I st 15 kg 46 3 12 kg II nd 15 kg 26+21(RL) 3 15 kg Total 45 kg 156 9 45 kg Mess 15+35 kg 2 25 kg Total waste= 70 kg/day Table 2.5 depicts that hostel H5, maximum waste generated form ground floor (18 kg/day) followed by second floor (15 kg/day) which also include RL (Residential Lab). Total 45 kg of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total waste generated from the mess was 25 kg/day. Total waste generated from the entire hostel was 70 kg/day. Table 2.6: Hostel H6 Floors Volume of dustbin No. of students No. of dustbins Volume of waste(kg/day) Ground 15 kg 41 1 10 kg I st 15 kg 35+22 1 14 kg II nd 15 kg + 10 kg 31 2 7 kg Total 55 kg 129 4 31 kg Mess 15 kg + 35 kg 2 20 kg Total waste= 51 kg/day Table 2.6 depicts that H6 hostel, maximum waste generated form first floor (14 kg/day) which also include RL (Residential Lab). Total 31 kg of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total waste generated from the mess was 20 kg/day. Total waste generated from the entire hostel was 51 kg/day. Table 2.7: Hostel H7 Floors No. of students No. of dustbins Volume of waste(kg/day) I st 8 1 10 kg (garbage window) II nd 12 III rd 10 Total 30 10 kg Mess 6 kg 1 6 kg Total waste= 16 kg/day Table 2.7 showed that in H7 hostel, there were total 30 students. Lower first and second floor were professor residence and form third floor to fifth floor. In this hostel there was a garbage window and all the students and staff, dispose their waste in that garbage window. Total estimated waste generated from the hostel was 10 kg per day (excluding first and second floor residence) and 6 kg of waste generated from the mess per day. Table 3: Total number of students and sanitary workers in the hostels Hostel No. of Students (n) Sanitary Workers no. of students(n)/sanitary worker Total No. of Dustbins no. of students (n)/dustbin H1 153 3 51 16 10 H2 29 2 15* 8 4 H3 123 5 25* 11 11 H4 135 3 45 16 8 H5 156 3 52 11 14 H6 129 3 43 6 22 H7 30 2 15 2 15 * round figure Table 3 showed H5 hostel have highest number of students (n=156) and there was only one sanitary worker over 52 students and one dustbin has been use by 14 students. Followed by hostel H1, H4 and H6 have only three sanitary workers over 153, 135 and 129 students and over one sanitary worker 51, 45 and 43 students respectively. In hostel H2 and H7 there was only 29 and 30 students over two sanitary workers. Therefore over 108 students (average) there were 3 sanitary workers (average) and 10 dustbins (average). 4. Volume of waste generated in the hostels Table 4 showed that large amount of waste generated from all hostels in the university. Both biodegradable and non biodegradable waste generated. In H1 there were two blocks; A &B and total volume waste generation from entire hostel was 75 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.73 kg/capita/day. In H2 there were total 29 students and total volume waste generated from the hostel was 18 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.34 kg/capita/day. In H3 , there were three floors and on each floor there were three dustbins of 15 kg capacity and 123 students generated 42 kg waste per day and 12 kg volume of waste generated from the mess per day. Total 54 kg volume of waste generated from the entire hostel that was around 0.34 kg/capita/day. H4 , maximum volume of waste was generated form ground floor (20 kg/day). Total 135 students generated 44 kg of waste per day and 15 kg of waste generated from the mess per day, so 135 students total rate of waste generation was 0.32 kg/capita/day. H5 , having three floors, includes RL (Residential Lab). Total 45 kg of volume of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total volume of waste generated from the mess was 25 kg/day. Total waste generated from the hostel was 70 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.28 kg/capita/day. Table 4. Volume of waste generated in the hostels: Hostel No. of students No. of dustbins Total estimated waste generated (students + mess) (kg/day) Waste generation rate (kg/capita/day) Waste collection rate (kg/bin) H1 153 16 75 0.73 4.68 H2 29 8 18 0.34 2.50 H3 123 11 54 0.34 4.90 H4 135 16 59 0.32 3.68 H5 156 11 70 0.28 6.36 H6 129 6 51 0.24 8.50 H7 30 2 16 0.33 8.00 H6 , having three floors, includes RL (Residential Lab). Total 31 kg of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total waste generated from the mess was 20 kg/day. Total waste generated from the entire hostel was 51 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.24 kg/capita/day. In H7 , total 30 students. Hostel had a garbage window for waste disposal. Total estimated waste generated from the hostel was 10 kg per day (excluding first and second floor residence) and 6 kg of waste generated from the mess per day, total waste generation rate was calculated 0.33 kg/capita/day. Table 4 further shows the waste collection rate that in H6 waste collection rate was highest i.e. 8.50 kg/bin followed by H5 (6.36 kg/bin) H3 (4.90kg/bin), H1 (4.68 kg/bin), H4 (3.68 kg/bin) and H2 (2.5 kg/bin). 5. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) among variables: Variables No. of students No. of dustbins Total estimated waste generated (kg/day) Waste generation rate (kg/capita/day) Waste collection rate (kg/bin) No. of students 1 0.71** 0.98** 0.24 0.07 No. of dustbins 1 0.78** 0.52 -0.61 Total waste generation 1 0.38 -0.03 Waste generation rate 1 -0.31 Waste collection rate 1 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level, * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level, Table 5 showed the correlation among the different variables, is the statistical analysis index that measures the linear correlation between variables. The value 0.00 to 0.30 (0.00 to −0.30) have negligible correlation, 0.30 to 0.50 (−0.30 to −0.50) have Low positive (negative) correlation, 0.50 to 0.70 (−0.50 to −0.70) have Moderate positive (negative) correlation, 0.70 to 0.90 (−0.70 to −0.90) have High positive (negative) correlation and High positive (negative) correlation have Very high positive (negative) correlation (Hinkle, Wiersma, and Jurs. 2003). In the present study, available number of dustbins having high positive relation with number of students residing in the hostels (r=0.71) and total waste generated by the students (r=0.78) but moderate negative relation with waste collection rate (r=-0.61). Total estimated waste generation have very high positive relation (r=0.98) with total number of students residing in the hostels but negligible relation with waste collection rate (r=0.07). Waste collection rate have low negative relation (r=-0.31) with waste generation rate. Summary Studies carried in the girl’s hostels of CCSHAU premises have shown the current waste management practice from the point of view of solid waste management operators and sanitary workers who are usually involved with biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. Paper, snakes wrapper, polyethen and sanitary napkin waste were generated in large amount, similar results found in the study by Coke etal. (2016). Based on the study table 2.1.1 to 2.1.7 showed the volume waste generation by the students on the different floor of the hostels. It revealed that in the hostel H1 per day generate 75 kilograms of biodegradable and non biodegradable waste which is highest among all girl hostels followed by H5 (70 kg), H4 (59kg), H3 (54 kg), H6 (51 kg), H2 (18 kg) and H7 (16 kg). Waste generation ranges between 0.24 to 0.73 kg/capita/day and waste collection rate ranging between 2.50 to 8.50 kg/bin, were recorded this is similar to the waste generation rates developed by Ogwueleka et al,(2009) which ranged between 0.44 and 0.66kg/capita/day. Where waste generating rate (kg/capita/day) was highest in hostel H1 (0.73) with waste collection rate 4.68 (kg/bin) and lowest in hostel H6 (0.24) with highest waste collection rate 8.50 kg/bin. In the present study correlation showed both positive and negative relation among the variables. Correlation showed the positive relation among total waste generation (kg/day) and number of students, but waste collection rate (kg/bin) have negative and negligible correlation among waste generation rate and number of students residing in the hostels. Therefore study can conclude that waste generation rate was high but waste collection rate was very low because of the improper ratio (36:1) between total number of students and sanitary worker. There was no segregation of waste by students, which created difficult situation in front of the sanitary workers. No provision of separate disposal of sanitary napkins. Conclusions Waste management system in the university girl’s hostels requires not only an estimation of the solid waste but also an understanding of the students’ habits and behaviour towards managing solid waste. Less number of sanitary workers was the major issue with low waste collection rate and no segregation of waste was one of the problems. This practise not only harmful for the students but also for the atmosphere of the university. Suggestions: Based on the findings, this paper proposed few recommendations: Segregation of biodegradable and non biodegradable waste. For that at least two type of dustbin install in each and every floor. Dustbin should be differentiate by green and blue colour (biodegradable and non biodegradable). The entire dustbin covered with disposable polyethenes. If dustbin covered with polyethene, it will be easy for the sanitary workers to clean the dustbin. The university authority should also provide training for its staff and students on various waste management programs so that they can become custodians of the environment. Once the good waste management practices are institutionalized, it will definitely trickle down to the society. Better utilisation of food waste. There are three ways of utilization of waste food. (a) First one is to feed the animals especially swine with this food (b) Second option available is composting of waste food and (c) last but very important alternative available is biogas production. Biogas production is an attractive mean to recycle waste food because it produces gaseous product with methane as the main constituent along with solid residue which can be used as manure similar to that of compost manure. Gaseous product produced from biogas plant can be used as cooking gas. Moreover, this gas can also be used as fuel in generation of electricity and thus, methane is not emitted in the environment thus, alleviating its greenhouse effect. However, during composting methane is generated and released into the environment and that is why biogas production is more beneficial than composting. For the better ways of disposal of sanitary napkins incinerators must installed in every girls hostel, as per the number of the students. Landfill should not treat with chemical for the disposal of the waste. Use of chemical may react with hazardous material and may generate hazardous gases. Declarations I declare that the work in this manuscript is original and is the result of my own work. This manuscript has not been submitted to any other journal for review/publication. Ethics approval and consent to participate: “Not applicable” Consent for publication: “Not applicable” Availability of data and material: The data underlying the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials without any restrictions. All data included within the manuscript. Competing interests: “The authors declare that they have no competing interests". Funding: No funding received by any funding agency. Authors' contributions: EK collected analyzed and interpreted the data. MM checked and finalized the data. SG formulate objective and check the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript”. Acknowledgements: "Not applicable" References Arora, L., & Agarwal, S. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding waste management in selected hostel students of university of Rajasthan, Jaipur. Int J Chem Environ Pharm Res, 2011, 2(1), 40-43. Burnett, G. Overcrowding in Urban Schools. ERIC/CUE Digest Number 107, 1995. CalRecycle. Estimated Solid Waste Generation Rates. 2019. https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/WasteCharacterization/General/Rates. Accessed 8 April 2021 Cheremisinoff, N.P. Glossary of environmental and waste management terms. Handbook of Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization Technologies. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003. 337–465. Coker, A. O., Achi, C. G., Sridhar, M. K. C., & Donnett, C. J. Solid waste management practices at a private institution of higher learning in nigeria. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2016, 35, 28-39. Davidson, G. Waste management practices: Literature review. Dalhousie University, Office of Sustainability, 2011, 1-59. Earthwatch.2007.Environmental Carer. Earthwatch Nigerian Magzine for Environment & Development,Port Harcourt,Nigeria. Environmetal Matter (2005) Annual Review World Bank. Washington D.C. Ehrampoush, M. H., & Moghadam, M. B.Survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of Yazd University of Medical Sciences students about solid wastes disposal and recycling. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 2005,2(2), 26-30. Environment Glossary .United Nations Statistics Division - Environment Statistics. 2016. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/environmentgl/gesform.asp?getitem=1178. Accessed7 June 2020 Ishak, N. R., Mahayuddin, S. A., & Mohamed, M. R. Generation and composition of solid waste in university campus. In Proceedings of the Colloquium on Administrative Science and Technology, 2015,119-126, Springer, Singapore. Ikelegbe, O. O., & Ogeah, F. N. Sanitation among students on campus. A Multidisciplinary Journal National Association for the advancement of knowledge, 2010, 15(1). Ogwueleka, T. Municipal solid waste characteristics and management in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 2009, 6(3), 173-180. The World Bank. Solid Waste Management. 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management. Accessed 4 April 2021 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-595516","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":33090789,"identity":"0033bcbc-af38-4339-b4b4-2b25ceea7a50","order_by":0,"name":"Ekta Kapri","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxmYQyQNkND4AMfgI6mBDaGk2ADHYCGthYIYzJSACBAC/fHOzwc8d92TM2w+3VX7NsZMBmvHw0Q08WiTbGJsTe88U88icSWy7LbstGegwNmPjHDxaDI4xNh/gbUvgkWAAapHcxgzUwsMmjU+LPVDLwb8gLfwP24olt9UT1mIADLFksC0SiW2MH7cdJqxF4lhis7HsGZCWh83SjNuO87AxE/ALf/Pxx5JvdyTYS/CnP/z4c1u1PT9788PH+LSAAWMDhGbmAZOElCNrYfxBjOpRMApGwSgYcQAA6eNBUhVqjAYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0755-1716","institution":"Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ekta","middleName":"","lastName":"Kapri","suffix":""},{"id":33090790,"identity":"fa40b969-7658-4685-a8fd-f0f8bd0eadc5","order_by":1,"name":"Manju Mehta","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Manju","middleName":"","lastName":"Mehta","suffix":""},{"id":33090791,"identity":"b030451a-6100-4cf9-8308-b0f619cdfb00","order_by":2,"name":"Sudesh Gandhi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sudesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Gandhi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-06-06 03:31:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-595516/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-595516/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":13699324,"identity":"63852447-9445-4ff8-82fc-37ae4fb3f38d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 13:18:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":629367,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-595516/v1/fbc97de5-06eb-49ec-af67-1cbc9e8238a6.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003ePrevalent Practices of Solid Waste Management in the Girls Hostels\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eWith the development of human race around the globe, rigorous changes have come in our everyday activity like education, recreation, travelling, feeding, clothing and with all of these activity we are generating lots of wastes in different form such as solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management (Arora and Agarwal,2011; Coker, etal.2016). According to the report by World Bank (2019) in 2016, the worlds\u0026rsquo; cities generated 2.01 billion tonnes of solid waste, amounting to a footprint of 0.74 kilograms per person per day. Waste management can be deals with any form whether it was industrial, biological, or household where it may be harmful to human health. Municipal solid waste management practices deal with large portion of different form of waste (Environment Glossary, 2016; Cheremisinoff\u003cstrong\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e2003). Waste management practices are also a big problem of the schools and universities. Inside the hostels of schools and universities bio degradable and non biodegradable waste is generated in massive amount and this waste impacts the health of college students and their academic performance\u0026nbsp;(\u003ccite\u003eDavidson, 2011)\u003c/cite\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e Due to the large number of students lot of waste generated in the hostels and no proper management of the waste generation causes dirtiness in the hostel and this might be major concern of the student\u0026rsquo;s health (Earthwatch, 2007). It is the extensively generic fact that many students depart their hostel room without taking care of it. The hostel sanitation practices directly affects on the living and learning condition student\u0026rsquo;s and also affects the critical thinking, intellectual development and aesthetic appreciation of students (Burnt 1995). Some student having apathetic behaviour towards their hostel surroundings, this contributes to the poor hostel sanitation practices (Ikelegbe and Ogeah, 2007). Environmental knowledge and attitude of college and school students appears to be important as their point of view which plays an important role in providing solution to future environmental problems (Ehrampoush and Moghadam, 2005). These wastes products create serious problems for the municipalities and its safe disposal is becoming a serious environmental problem to our ecology and life supporting systems. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eStudy has been conducted in the campus of CCSHAU, Hisar. For this study the all girl\u0026rsquo;s hostels (Godavari (H1), International Girls Hostel (H2), Narmada (H3), Gangotri Old Wing (H4), Gangotri New Wing (H5), Gangotri Additional Wing (H6), and Women Scholar (H7)) was purposely selected.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKey information was taken from following methods:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1) Hostel prefects and hostel managers, interactions with waste handlers, mess workers, and\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;2) Personal field investigation, observation and, measurement.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAim of the study was to estimate the daily waste generation and waste collection rate from girl\u0026rsquo;s hostels and the current management practices. A weighing balance machine capacity up to 100kg was used for the measurement of wastes. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWaste analysis:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo determine the per capita waste generation and waste collection rate the following procedures were followed:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWaste generation rate (W\u003csub\u003eG\u003c/sub\u003e):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid waste generation rates estimate the amount of waste created by residences or businesses over a certain amount of time (day, year, etc.). Waste generation includes all materials discarded, whether or not they are later recycled or disposed in a landfill (CalRecycle, 2019)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDetermination of the \u0026nbsp;weight of solid waste (w)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNumbers of students who contributed to the waste generation.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWaste generation rate\u003cimg src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/83400_b9e2661d18ef2d4b/83400_custom_files/img1623820037.png\"\u003e(Coker, Achi, Sridhar and Donnett, 2016)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWaste collection rate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWaste collection\u0026nbsp;is the collection of solid waste from point of production to the point of treatment or disposal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis will produce the waste composition according to the weight. The waste collection rate per students in the studied hostel block also had been determined.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWaste collection rate\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;=\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/83400_b9e2661d18ef2d4b/83400_custom_files/img1623820130.png\"\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(Ishak, Mahayuddin, and Mohamed, 2013)\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Type of waste generated in all the girls hostels\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenerally, waste could be liquid or solid waste. Both of them could be hazardous. Liquid and solid waste types can also be grouped into organic, re-usable and recyclable waste.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiodegradable waste\u003c/strong\u003e is waste that can be broken down by natural processes.\u0026nbsp;Typically, biodegradable waste is matter derived from plants and animals and other organisms, such as paper, food waste, plant-based plastics, and grass clippings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-biodegradable waste\u003c/strong\u003e is waste that cannot be broken down through natural processes. \u0026nbsp;These materials include items such as plastic bags, synthetic materials, plastic bottles, electronic items, and aluminium cans. \u0026nbsp;Biodegradable and non biodegradable waste is generating from the hostels is categorised in following:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: Biodegradable and Non biodegradable waste\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"40.4040404040404%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiodegradable waste\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"59.5959595959596%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon biodegradable waste\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"40.4040404040404%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePaper and paper packing materials\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"59.5959595959596%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlastic waste, bottles \u0026amp; plastic packing materials, plastic bags\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"40.4040404040404%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCardboard, Carton,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"59.5959595959596%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGlass, Bulb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"40.4040404040404%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCloth waste\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"59.5959595959596%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSanitary napkins, wrappers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"40.4040404040404%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJunk food waste\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"59.5959595959596%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRubber, Leather\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"40.4040404040404%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFruits waste, dry fruit waste, tree leaves\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"59.5959595959596%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMetal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"40.4040404040404%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKitchen waste\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"59.5959595959596%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExpired Medicine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"40.4040404040404%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSand/dust\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"59.5959595959596%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eElectronic Waste\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"40.4040404040404%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLiquid waste\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"59.5959595959596%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCosmetic product waste\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the hostels both types of waste (biodegradable and non biodegradable) was generate but some waste were generated frequently and some were occasionally. Cloth, plastic bottles, plastic bag waste generate once in a week; rubber, glass, leather waste were generated once in a month where as paper waste, cardboard, food waste, kitchen waste, liquid waste, fruit waste, poly bags, sanitary napkins generated daily in measurable amount. Plastic waste were generated in huge amount daily in various form like, bottles, milk pouches, shampoo pouches, snacks packets, etc. Sanitary napkins were major non biodegradable waste generated from the all girl\u0026rsquo;s hostels.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Volume of waste generated in the hostels\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge amount of waste generated from all the girls\u0026rsquo; hostels in the university. Both biodegradable and non biodegradable waste generated. There are following table shows the volume of waste generated in the girls hostels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.1: Hostel H1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"10.204081632653061%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFloors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"10.204081632653061%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of dustbin\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"38.775510204081634%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA block\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"40.816326530612244%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB block\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.157894736842104%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.157894736842104%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of students\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.36842105263158%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of waste generate(kg/day)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.157894736842104%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of students\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.789473684210526%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.36842105263158%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of waste generate(kg/day)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI \u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII \u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIII\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e60 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e81\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e32 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e72\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMess\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal waste = 75 kg/day\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2.1 showed that in H1 hostel there were two blocks, A and B. In Block A there were total 81 students and in Block B there were 72 students. In Block A, total waste generation was 32 kg/day and in Block B, total waste generation was 25 kg/day and 18 kg of waste generated from mess. Total waste generation from entire hostel was 75 kg/day\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.2: Hostel H2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFloors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of dustbin\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.532467532467532%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of students\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.48051948051948%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.681818181818183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of waste(kg/day)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.532467532467532%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.48051948051948%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.681818181818183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI \u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.532467532467532%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.48051948051948%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.681818181818183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII \u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.532467532467532%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.48051948051948%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.681818181818183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.532467532467532%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.48051948051948%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.681818181818183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMess\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.532467532467532%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.48051948051948%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.681818181818183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal waste= 18 kg/day\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable2.2 showed that in H2 Hostel there were total 29 students and total waste generated in one day was 10 kg where 2 kg from ground floor, 4 kg from first and second floor and 8 kg from the mess. So total waste generated from the hostel was 18 kg/day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.3: Hostel H3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFloors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of dustbin\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of students\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of waste(kg/day)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI \u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII \u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e45 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e123\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e42 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMess\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal waste= 54 kg/day\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2.3 revealed that in H3 Hostel, in each floor there were three dustbins of 15 kg and 123 students generated 42 kg waste per day and 12 kg waste generated from the mess. Total 54 kg waste generated from the entire hostel per day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.4: Hostel H4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFloors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of dustbin\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of students\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of waste(kg/day)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI \u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII \u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e135\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e44 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMess\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal waste= 59 kg/day\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2.4 estimated that H4 hostel, maximum waste was generated form ground floor (20 kg/day). Total 135 students generated 44 kg of waste per day and 15 kg of waste generated from the mess per day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.5: \u0026nbsp;Hostel H5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFloors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of dustbin\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of students\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of waste(kg/day)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI \u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII \u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26+21(RL)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e45 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e156\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e45 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMess\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15+35 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal waste= 70 kg/day\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2.5 depicts that hostel H5, maximum waste generated form ground floor (18 kg/day) followed by second floor (15 kg/day) which also include RL (Residential Lab). Total 45 kg of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total waste generated from the mess was 25 kg/day. Total waste generated from the entire hostel was 70 kg/day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.6: Hostel H6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFloors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of dustbin\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of students\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of waste(kg/day)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI \u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35+22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII \u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg + 10 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e55 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e129\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31 kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.876623376623376%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMess\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 kg + 35 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506493506493506%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.454545454545453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.733766233766232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal waste= 51 kg/day\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2.6 depicts that H6 hostel, maximum waste generated form first floor (14 kg/day) which also include RL (Residential Lab). Total 31 kg of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total waste generated from the mess was 20 kg/day. Total waste generated from the entire hostel was 51 kg/day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.7: Hostel H7\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.46938775510204%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFloors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of students\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.408163265306122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of waste(kg/day)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.46938775510204%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI \u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" width=\"20.408163265306122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 kg (garbage window)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"54.76190476190476%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII \u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"45.23809523809524%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"54.76190476190476%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIII\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"45.23809523809524%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.46938775510204%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.408163265306122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.46938775510204%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMess\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.408163265306122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal waste= 16 kg/day\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2.7 showed that in H7 hostel, there were total 30 students. Lower first and second floor were professor residence and form third floor to fifth floor. In this hostel there was a garbage window and all the students and staff, dispose their waste in that garbage window. Total estimated waste generated from the hostel was 10 kg per day (excluding first and second floor residence) and 6 kg of waste generated from the mess per day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Total number of students and sanitary workers in the hostels\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.24742268041237%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHostel\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.463917525773196%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of Students (n)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.43298969072165%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSanitary Workers\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eno. of students(n)/sanitary worker\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal No. of Dustbins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.68041237113402%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eno. of students (n)/dustbin\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.24742268041237%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.463917525773196%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.43298969072165%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.68041237113402%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.24742268041237%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.463917525773196%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.43298969072165%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.68041237113402%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.24742268041237%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.463917525773196%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.43298969072165%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.68041237113402%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.24742268041237%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.463917525773196%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.43298969072165%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.68041237113402%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.24742268041237%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.463917525773196%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.43298969072165%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.68041237113402%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.24742268041237%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.463917525773196%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.43298969072165%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.68041237113402%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.24742268041237%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.463917525773196%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.43298969072165%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.587628865979383%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.68041237113402%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003eround figure\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3 showed H5 hostel have highest number of students (n=156) and there was only one sanitary worker over 52 students and one dustbin has been use by 14 students. Followed by hostel H1, H4 and H6 have only three sanitary workers over 153, 135 and 129 students and over one sanitary worker 51, 45 and 43 students respectively. In hostel H2 and H7 there was only 29 and 30 students over two sanitary workers. Therefore over 108 students (average) there were 3 sanitary workers (average) and 10 dustbins (average).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Volume of waste generated in the hostels\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4 showed that large amount of waste generated from all hostels in the university. Both biodegradable and non biodegradable waste generated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn \u003cstrong\u003eH1\u003c/strong\u003e there were two blocks; A \u0026amp;B and total volume waste generation from entire hostel was 75 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.73\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ekg/capita/day. \u003cstrong\u003eIn H2\u003c/strong\u003e there were total 29 students and total volume waste generated from the hostel was 18 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.34\u0026nbsp;kg/capita/day. In \u003cstrong\u003eH3\u003c/strong\u003e, there were three floors and on each floor there were three dustbins of 15 kg capacity and 123 students generated 42 kg waste per day and 12 kg volume of waste generated from the mess per day. Total 54 kg volume of waste generated from the entire hostel that was around 0.34\u0026nbsp;kg/capita/day. \u003cstrong\u003eH4\u003c/strong\u003e, maximum volume of waste was generated form ground floor (20 kg/day). Total 135 students generated 44 kg of waste per day and 15 kg of waste generated from the mess per day, so 135 students total rate of waste generation was 0.32\u0026nbsp;kg/capita/day.\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eH5\u003c/strong\u003e, having three floors, includes RL (Residential Lab). Total 45 kg of volume of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total volume of waste generated from the mess was 25 kg/day. Total waste generated from the hostel was 70 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.28\u0026nbsp;kg/capita/day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4. \u0026nbsp;Volume of waste generated in the hostels:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHostel\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of students\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal estimated waste generated (students + mess) (kg/day)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.448979591836736%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWaste generation rate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(kg/capita/day)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWaste collection rate (kg/bin)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.448979591836736%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.68\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.448979591836736%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.448979591836736%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.90\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.448979591836736%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.448979591836736%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.36\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.448979591836736%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.448979591836736%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH6\u003c/strong\u003e, having three floors, includes RL (Residential Lab). Total 31 kg of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total waste generated from the mess was 20 kg/day. Total waste generated from the entire hostel was 51 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.24 kg/capita/day. \u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eIn \u003cstrong\u003eH7\u003c/strong\u003e, total 30 students. Hostel had a garbage window for waste disposal. Total estimated waste generated from the hostel was 10 kg per day (excluding first and second floor residence) and 6 kg of waste generated from the mess per day, total waste generation rate was calculated 0.33\u0026nbsp;kg/capita/day.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eTable 4\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003efurther shows the waste collection rate that\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ein H6 waste collection rate was highest i.e. 8.50 kg/bin followed by H5 (6.36 kg/bin) H3 (4.90kg/bin), H1 (4.68\u0026nbsp;kg/bin), H4 (3.68 kg/bin) and H2 (2.5 kg/bin).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) \u0026nbsp;among variables:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"104%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo. of students\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal estimated waste generated (kg/day)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWaste generation rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(kg/capita/day)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWaste collection rate (kg/bin)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo. of students\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo. of dustbins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal \u0026nbsp;waste generation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWaste generation rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWaste collection rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.875%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**\u0026nbsp;Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level, *\u0026nbsp;Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eshowed the correlation among the different variables, is the statistical analysis index that measures the linear correlation\u0026nbsp;between variables. The value 0.00 to 0.30 (0.00 to \u0026minus;0.30) have negligible correlation, 0.30 to 0.50 (\u0026minus;0.30 to \u0026minus;0.50) have Low positive (negative) correlation, 0.50 to 0.70 (\u0026minus;0.50 to \u0026minus;0.70) have Moderate positive (negative) correlation, 0.70 to 0.90 (\u0026minus;0.70 to \u0026minus;0.90) have High positive (negative) correlation and High positive (negative) correlation have Very high positive (negative) correlation (Hinkle, Wiersma, and Jurs. 2003).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the present study, available number of dustbins having high positive relation with number of students residing in the hostels (r=0.71) and total waste generated by the students (r=0.78) but moderate negative relation with waste collection rate (r=-0.61). Total\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eestimated waste generation have very high positive relation (r=0.98) with total number of students residing in the hostels but negligible relation with waste collection rate (r=0.07). \u0026nbsp;Waste collection rate have low negative relation (r=-0.31) with waste generation rate.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Summary","content":"\u003cp\u003eStudies carried in the girl\u0026rsquo;s hostels of CCSHAU premises have shown the current waste management practice from the point of view of solid waste management operators and sanitary workers who are usually involved with biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. Paper, snakes wrapper, polyethen and sanitary napkin waste were generated in large amount, similar results found in the study by\u0026nbsp;Coke etal. (2016).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on the study table 2.1.1 to 2.1.7 showed the volume waste generation by the students on the different floor of the hostels. It revealed that in the hostel H1 per day generate 75 kilograms of biodegradable and non biodegradable waste which is highest among all girl hostels followed by H5 (70 kg), H4 (59kg), H3 (54 kg), H6 (51 kg), H2 (18 kg) and H7 (16 kg). Waste generation ranges between 0.24 to 0.73 kg/capita/day and waste collection rate ranging between 2.50 to 8.50 kg/bin, were recorded this is similar to the waste generation rates developed by Ogwueleka et al,(2009) which ranged between 0.44 and 0.66kg/capita/day. \u0026nbsp; Where waste generating rate (kg/capita/day) was highest in hostel H1 (0.73) with waste collection rate 4.68 (kg/bin) and lowest in hostel H6 (0.24) with highest waste collection rate 8.50 kg/bin. In the present study correlation showed both positive and negative relation among the variables. Correlation showed the positive relation among total waste generation (kg/day) and number of students, but waste collection rate (kg/bin) have negative and negligible correlation among waste generation rate and number of students residing in the hostels. Therefore study can conclude that waste generation rate was high but waste collection rate was very low because of the improper ratio (36:1) between total number of students and sanitary worker. There was no segregation of waste by students, which created difficult situation in front of the sanitary workers. No provision of separate disposal of sanitary napkins.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eWaste management system in the university girl\u0026rsquo;s hostels requires not only an estimation of the solid waste but also an understanding of the students\u0026rsquo; habits and behaviour towards managing solid waste. Less number of sanitary workers was the major issue with low waste collection rate and no segregation of waste was one of the problems. This practise not only harmful for the students but also for the atmosphere of the university.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuggestions:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on the findings, this paper proposed few recommendations:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSegregation of biodegradable and non biodegradable waste. For that at least two type of dustbin install in each and every floor. Dustbin should be differentiate by green and blue colour (biodegradable and non biodegradable).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe entire dustbin covered with disposable polyethenes. If dustbin covered with polyethene, it will be easy for the sanitary workers to clean the dustbin.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe university authority should also provide training for its staff and students on various waste management programs so that they can become custodians of the environment. Once the good waste management practices are institutionalized, it will definitely trickle down to the society.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBetter utilisation of food waste. \u0026nbsp;There are three ways of utilization of waste food. (a) First one is to feed the animals especially swine with this food (b) Second option available is composting of waste food and (c) last but very important alternative available is biogas production. Biogas production is an attractive mean to recycle waste food because it produces gaseous product with methane as the main constituent along with solid residue which can be used as manure similar to that of compost manure. Gaseous product produced from biogas plant can be used as cooking gas. Moreover, this gas can also be used as fuel in generation of electricity and thus, methane is not emitted in the environment thus, alleviating its greenhouse effect. However, during composting methane is generated and released into the environment and that is why biogas production is more beneficial than composting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFor the better ways of disposal of sanitary napkins incinerators must installed in every girls hostel, as per the number of the students.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLandfill should not treat with chemical for the disposal of the waste. Use of chemical may react with hazardous material and may generate hazardous gases.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eI declare that the work in this manuscript is original and is the result of my own work. This manuscript has not been submitted to any other journal for review/publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;Not applicable\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication:\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026ldquo;Not applicable\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and material:\u003c/strong\u003e The data underlying the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials without any restrictions. All data included within the manuscript.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests:\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026ldquo;The authors declare that they have no competing interests\u0026quot;.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e No funding received by any funding agency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEK collected analyzed and interpreted the data. MM checked and finalized the data. SG formulate objective and check the data.\u0026nbsp;All authors read and approved the final manuscript\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements:\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026quot;Not applicable\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArora, L., \u0026amp; Agarwal, S. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding waste management in selected hostel students of university of Rajasthan, Jaipur. Int J Chem Environ Pharm Res, 2011, 2(1), 40-43.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Burnett, G. Overcrowding in Urban Schools. ERIC/CUE Digest Number 107, 1995.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCalRecycle. Estimated Solid Waste Generation Rates. 2019.\u0026nbsp;https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/WasteCharacterization/General/Rates. Accessed 8 April 2021\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCheremisinoff, N.P.\u0026nbsp;\u003ccite\u003eGlossary of environmental and waste management terms. Handbook of Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization Technologies. Butterworth-Heinemann,\u003c/cite\u003e 2003.\u003ccite\u003e337\u0026ndash;465.\u003c/cite\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCoker, A. O., Achi, C. G., Sridhar, M. K. C., \u0026amp; Donnett, C. J. Solid waste management practices at a private institution of higher learning in nigeria. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2016, 35, 28-39.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Davidson, G. Waste management practices: Literature review. Dalhousie University, Office of Sustainability, 2011, 1-59.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEarthwatch.2007.Environmental Carer. Earthwatch Nigerian Magzine for Environment \u0026amp; Development,Port Harcourt,Nigeria. Environmetal Matter (2005) Annual Review World Bank. Washington D.C.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEhrampoush, M. H., \u0026amp; Moghadam, M. B.Survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of Yazd University of Medical Sciences students about solid wastes disposal and recycling. Journal of Environmental Health Science \u0026amp; Engineering, 2005,2(2), 26-30.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironment Glossary\u003ccite\u003e.United Nations Statistics Division - Environment Statistics. 2016.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/cite\u003ehttps://unstats.un.org/unsd/environmentgl/gesform.asp?getitem=1178. Accessed7 June 2020\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIshak, N. R., Mahayuddin, S. A., \u0026amp; Mohamed, M. R. Generation and composition of solid waste in university campus. In Proceedings of the Colloquium on Administrative Science and Technology, 2015,119-126, Springer, Singapore.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIkelegbe, O. O., \u0026amp; Ogeah, F. N. Sanitation among students on campus. A Multidisciplinary Journal National Association for the advancement of knowledge, 2010,\u0026nbsp;15(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOgwueleka, T. Municipal solid waste characteristics and management in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Health Science \u0026amp; Engineering, 2009, 6(3), 173-180.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;The World Bank. Solid Waste Management. 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management. Accessed 4 April 2021\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Waste management, waste generation, waste collection, non biodegradable","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-595516/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-595516/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWaste is generated on daily basis through different activities of human beings, which leads to pollution of the environment, which may have serious implications on the health of the individual. Waste generation is also a big problem in schools and universities. To keep that problem in mind study has been conducted on the campus of CCSHAU, Hisar; with the objective to study the type and volume of waste generated in the girl’s hostels. The study estimated the daily waste generation from girl’s hostels and found waste generation rate was high but the waste collection rate was very low because of the improper ratio between the total number of students and sanitary worker. The waste management system in the university girl’s hostels requires not only an estimation of the solid waste but also an understanding of the students’ habits and behaviour towards managing solid waste.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prevalent Practices of Solid Waste Management in the Girls Hostels","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-06-16 22:31:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-595516/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3027f6ad-7b96-4756-82fb-b9480e87471a","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 16th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":5055026,"name":"Environmental Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-06-18T02:54:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-06-16 22:31:35","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-595516","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-595516","identity":"rs-595516","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}