Comparison of Yb3+: YAP with Yb3+: YAG cooling crystals

Comparison of Yb3+: YAP with Yb3+: YAG cooling crystals | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparison of Yb 3+ : YAP with Yb 3+ : YAG cooling crystals Chaoyu Wang, Jianping Yin This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8209111/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Applied Physics B → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract YAlO 3 (YAP) shows lower phonon energy than Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (YAG), which implies a lower temperature can be obtained in Yb 3+ -doped YAP according to the single-frequency phonon model. Here, a 2% Yb 3+ : YAP crystal was refrigerated by anti-Stokes fluorescence and compared to YAG crystal with the same doping concentration in experiments. Yb 3+ exhibited a broad spectral cooling range in YAP from 1020nm to 1070nm, which was broader than in YAG from 1020 nm to 1055 nm. A minimum achievable temperature (MAT) dropped to ~ 249.7 K at 1040 nm for Yb 3+ : YAP, which was lower than that of ~ 259.3 K obtained in 2% Yb 3+ : YAG. Further analysis predicted that the cooling limit of two crystals can reach ~167 K for Yb 3+ : YAP and ~171 K for Yb 3+ : YAG from room temperature. This work exhibited the excellent cooling properties of Yb 3+ : YAP compared with Yb 3+ : YAG in experiment and provided a unique perspective for the practical application of high-power Radiation balance lasers (RBLs). Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Applied Physics B → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 22 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 09 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 24 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 07 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 28 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 26 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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crystals\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"applied-physics-b","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"aphb","sideBox":"Learn more about [Applied Physics B](http://link.springer.com/journal/340)","snPcode":"340","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/340/3","title":"Applied Physics B","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8209111/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8209111/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eYAlO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (YAP) shows lower phonon energy than Y\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eAl\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e (YAG), which implies a lower temperature can be obtained in Yb\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e-doped YAP according to the single-frequency phonon model. Here, a 2% Yb\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e: YAP crystal was refrigerated by anti-Stokes fluorescence and compared to YAG crystal with the same doping concentration in experiments. Yb\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e exhibited a broad spectral cooling range in YAP from 1020nm to 1070nm, which was broader than in YAG from 1020 nm to 1055 nm. A minimum achievable temperature (MAT) dropped to ~ 249.7 K at 1040 nm for Yb\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e: YAP, which was lower than that of ~ 259.3 K obtained in 2% Yb\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e: YAG. Further analysis predicted that the cooling limit of two crystals can reach ~167 K for Yb\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e: YAP and ~171 K for Yb\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e: YAG from room temperature. This work exhibited the excellent cooling properties of Yb\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e: YAP compared with Yb\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e: YAG in experiment and provided a unique perspective for the practical application of high-power Radiation balance lasers (RBLs).\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparison of Yb3+: YAP with Yb3+: YAG cooling crystals","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-15 11:35:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8209111/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-22T09:39:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-09T10:12:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-24T07:24:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"251306616334236247449682436243094246378","date":"2025-12-16T01:47:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"186104698464269880288449563166498522999","date":"2025-12-10T18:39:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"319362555365608085022983994954636136530","date":"2025-12-10T18:25:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-10T17:24:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-12-07T19:06:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-29T04:39:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Applied Physics B","date":"2025-11-26T05:59:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"applied-physics-b","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"aphb","sideBox":"Learn more about [Applied Physics B](http://link.springer.com/journal/340)","snPcode":"340","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/340/3","title":"Applied Physics B","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9c00fbe0-198f-4345-8e93-2725706681dd","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 15th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-04T15:59:11+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8209111","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-026-08668-3","journal":{"identity":"applied-physics-b","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Applied Physics B"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-27 15:57:17","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 27th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-15 11:35:36","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08668-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-026-08668-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8209111","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8209111","identity":"rs-8209111","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}