Association Between Blood Type Clinical Course and Sputum Microorganisms in Bronchiectasis

Association Between Blood Type Clinical Course and Sputum Microorganisms in Bronchiectasis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Association Between Blood Type Clinical Course and Sputum Microorganisms in Bronchiectasis Güzide Tomas¹, Ayşe Çapar², Aslı Mezide Dulkadiroğlu¹, Şeyma Başlılar¹ This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7502427/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction and aim: ABO blood groups are shown to be related with susceptibility to various infections. Bronchiectasis patients may suffer from frequent infections which may result in poor clinical course and outcome. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between ABO blood group and clinical course and microorganisms grown in sputum in non-CF bronchiectasis adult patients. Material and method: Bronchiectasis patients followed between January 2016 and October 2024, microorganisms grown in sputum culture results were retrospectively evaluated.Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from hospital files. Patients were divided into four groups as O, A, B and AB blood group and compared in terms of clinical course (hospitalization and intensive care unit stay, presence and number of exacerbations and emergency visits, mortality) and sputum culture results. Results: A total of 102patients (51 males and 51females, 50%each) were included to the study. In 26 cases there was P.aeriginosa growth in sputum and 6 cases it was colonised. 25 (25,5%) patients were followed in ICU and 19(19,3%) patients were died. In all blood types investigated;all paarmeters were similar except median number of emergency visits /year was higher in B blood type(p=0,047). Discussion and conclusion: In the study, no difference was found between the blood groups in terms of the exacerbations, mortality rate and lung functions also growth of bacterial species in the sputum of adult patients with non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. However, emergency admissions due to lower respiratory tract infection were higher in the B blood group which suggested that the risk of infection may be higher in the B group. But due to the small number of cases, it was concluded that multicenter studies were needed to investigate the relationship between blood group and sputum growth and clinical course in bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis ABO blood type microorganism pseudomonas aeriginosa Introduction and aim ABO blood groups are classified according to the antigens found on the erythrocyte surface. These antigens can be found not only on erythrocytes but also on epithelial cells and mucosal surfaces and may facilitate some infections and prevent other.Recent studies have shown that there is a significant relationship between blood group and susceptibility to various infections (1-6). This issue has been popularized in numerous studies, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it has been observed that there is an increased risk of infection in individuals with group A, while there is a relative protective effect in group O(7, 8)In addition, a relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and blood group(1) A has been established. Bronchiectasis is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by irreversible dilatation of the bronchi associated with impaired mucociliary clearance, mucus accumulation and recurrent infections.Infections play a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. Permanent damage to the airways leads to impaired mucociliary clearance and, together with the accumulation of mucus, creates a favorable environment for microorganisms. As a consequence: patients may suffer from frequent infections which may trigger acute attacks of the disease and lead to further damage to the bronchi(9-12).On the other hand infections are important both for progression of the disease and mortality (13). In pediatric patients it was reported that Blood group B was highly associated with P. aeruginosa sepsis (14). On the other hand no association was found between ABO blood type gene polymorphism and the lung disease severity and the age of onset of P. aeruginosa infection (15), nor with ABO Blood Group type and pseudomonas colonisation in CF bronchiectasis (16). To our knowledge the relation between bacterial infections and ABO blood type was not investigated in non CF bronchiectasis patients. So we planned this study to evaluate whether there was a relationship between ABO blood group and clinical course and microorganisms grown in sputum in non CF bronchiectasis adult patients. Material and method: Between January 2016 and October 2024, patients with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis, known blood type and sputum culture results were retrospectively evaluated.Demographic and clinical data, inhaled corticosteroid use, ABO blood group, sputum culture result, exacerbation, hospitalization and intensive care unit stay, and mortality, if any, were recorded. Patients were divided into four groups as O, A, B and AB blood group and compared in terms of clinical course (hospitalization and intensive care unit stay, presence and number of exacerbations, mortality) and sputum culture results. Ethical Considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital (Approval Date: December 12, 2023; Approval Number: B.10.1.TKH.4.34.H.GP.0.01/454). Institutional permission was granted to access and utilize anonymized patient data from the hospital’s electronic medical records. All data were de-identified prior to analysis to ensure confidentiality. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable data protection regulations. Statistical Analysis: All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for MacOS, version 29.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables were expressed as median values with minimum and maximum ranges. The normality of data distribution was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. For comparisons between two groups, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed data. For comparisons among more than two groups, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with bacterial growth in sputum. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 102 patients were included in the study, consisting of 51 males and 51 females (50% each). The median age was similar across blood groups. Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in sputum was identified in 26 patients (25.5%), and colonization was observed in 6 patients. Comorbidities were present in 58 patients. A total of 41 patients were using nebulizers, a subset used BiPAP, and several were on long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). ICU admission occurred in 25 patients, while 19 patients died during the follow-up period. When clinical and microbiological parameters were compared among blood groups (O, A, B, AB), no statistically significant differences were found in terms of sex distribution, age, comorbidities, lung function parameters (FEV1, FVC), use of noninvasive ventilation, LTOT, ICS use, hospitalization duration, ICU admission, exacerbation rate, or mortality. Likewise, the rates of bacterial growth in sputum including Pseudomonas aeruginosa , other gram-negative and gram-positive organisms were similar among the groups. The only statistically significant difference was found in the number of emergency department visits per year, which was higher in patients with blood group B (p = 0.047). The median values of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelet counts were also comparable across groups (table 1). Discussion In the study, no difference was found between the blood groups in terms of the number of exacerbations, mortality rate and lung functions also growth of pseudomonas and other bacterial species in the sputum of adult patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.However, emergency admissions due to lower respiratory tract infection were higher in the B blood group which suggested that the risk of infection may be higher in the B group. Previous studies have reported that the risk of urinary, upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system and skin infections and the risk of infection with E.Coli, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus species are lower in the 0 blood group than in other blood groups (6). It was reported that blood type O was also associated with increased incidence of cholera, plague, tuberculosis infections, and mumps, whereas blood type A was associated with increased incidence of smallpox and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection; blood type B is also associated with increased incidence of gonorrhea, tuberculosis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae , E. coli , and salmonella infections; and blood type AB is associated with increased incidence of smallpox and E. coli and salmonella infections(5). The association between ABO blood groups and infections is mainly explained by the following biological mechanisms: (6). 1. Microbial Adhesion and Mechanism of Cell Entry: Some bacteria and viruses can directly target ABO antigens and may establish infections via binding these antigens e.g. Norovirus, Helicobacter pylori and Plasmodium falciparum. 2. Neutralizing Effect of Natural Antibodies: Anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies in plasma may play a role in preventing infection by inhibiting the binding of some pathogens to host cells. (e.g. SARS-CoV-2). 3. Modulation of the Immune Response: Some studies suggest that group A patients show an exaggerrated inflammatory response during infections related to cytokine production, leukocyte activation and cellular immune response which may effect the clinical course e.g. COVID-19, influenza and systemic infections. 4. Effects on Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity: ABO antigens are present in mucosal secretions and this may alter the structural composition of the microbiota in gastrointestinal and respiratory tract mucosa. Bacterial growth in sputum in bronchiectasis leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have reported that the development of lower respiratory tract infections and chronic bacterial colonization in patients with bronchiectasis are associated with more severe symptoms, poorer quality of life, more frequent exacerbations, more hospitalizations, more rapid loss of lung function and higher mortality risk, especially pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the most common bacterium in bronchiectasis and has the worst prognosis (17-20). Infectious exacerbations of bronchiectasis especially with pseudomonas aeriginosa in bronchiectasis are associated with increased morbidity and loss of lung functions and poor clinical course (5, 17).In our study, the rate of pseudomonas infection was.25,5%. In a study conducted by.. Wang et al P. aeruginosa was isolated in19.8% (17). The higher rate in our study may be expalined with the selection of patients only with microorganism growth in sputum samples. Although the emergency service admission per year was more frequent in B blood type, functional parmeters, hospitalisation duration, ICU follow up and mortality were similar. This may be explained with similar exacerbation rate. We concluded that blood group type may not have any effect on clinical course and outcome of bronchiectasis patients but the risk of infection may be higher in the B group. However, due to the small number of cases, it was concluded that multicenter studies were needed to investigate the relationship between blood group and sputum growth and clinical course in bronchiectasis. Table 1. Distribution of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Blood Group in Patients Variables Blood Group p-value 0 A B AB n (%) or Medyan (Min-Max) n (%) or Medyan (Min-Max) n (%)or Medyan (Min-Max) n (%) or Medyan (Min-Max) Gender 0,870 Male 20 (54,1) 19 (45,2) 6 (50) 6 (54,5) Female 17 (45,9) 23 (54,8) 6 (50) 5 (45,5) Age 61 (26-81) 59 (26-86) 65 (24-85) 67 (29-85) 0,691 P. aeruginosa isolated 9 (24,3) 14 (33,3) 2 (16,7) 1 (9,1) 0,329 Colonization 1 (11,1) 4 (28,6) 0 (0) 1 (100) 0,179 Mean Hospital Stay (days) 8,3 (4-37) 9 (2-16,3) 8,5 (3-19) 8 (6-13) 0,996 Antibiotic Use (in the Last 6 Months) 3 (1-10) 3 (1-8) 3 (1-12) 2 (1-6) 0,905 Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) Use (years) 9 (2-15) 11 (2-15) 9 (3-13) 10,5 (3-15) 0,635 Nebulizer Use 13 (35,1) 20 (47,6) 6 (50) 2 (18,2) 0,256 BiPAP 6 (16,2) 8 (19) 1 (8,3) 1 (9,1) 0,748 LTOT 9 (24,3) 13 (31) 4 (33,3) 1 (9,1) 0,472 Co-mordities 23 (62,2) 25 (59,5) 5 (41,7) 5 (45,5) 0,521 Atrial Fibrillation 3 (8,1) 8 (19) 0 (0) 1 (9,1) 0,231 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 8 (21,6) 7 (16,7) 3 (25) 1 (9,1) 0,728 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) 3 (8,1) 3 (7,1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0,596 Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (8,3) 0 (0) 0,056 Diabetes Mellitus 9 (24,3) 12 (28,6) 0 (0) 2 (18,2) 0,208 Hyperlipidemia 9 (24,3) 11 (26,2) 2 (16,7) 3 (27,3) 0,917 Hypertension 20 (54,1) 21 (50) 5 (41,7) 5 (45,5) 0,881 Malignancy 3 (8,1) 2 (4,8) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0,572 Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure - CHF) 3 (8,1) 2 (4,8) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0,572 Emergency Department Visits per Year 2 (1-11) 2 (1-5) 9 (7-10) 3 (1-5) 0,047 FEV1 (%) 47,5 (22-94) 57 (27-87) 62,5 (38-81) 78,5 (59-98) 0,313 FEV1 (L) 1,1 (0,8-2,7) 1,5 (0,9-2,9) 1,7 (1,6-2,6) 3,2 (3,2-3,2) 0,303 FVC (%) 56 (27-84) 59 (38-83) 73 (63-90) 94,5 (82-107) 0,110 FVC (L) 3,2 (1,8-4,6) 2,5 (1,5-3,1) 2,5 (2,2-3,1) 4,3 (4,3-4,3) 0,315 FEV1/FVC Ratio 64,9 (42-87) 66,6 (40-114) 63 (57-84,4) 64,5 (55-74) 0,945 Hemoptysis 15 (40,5) 12 (28,6) 3 (25) 1 (9,1) 0,222 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission 9 (24,3) 13 (31) 2 (16,7) 1 (9,1) 0,431 Exacerbations Since Bronchiectasis Diagnosis 4 (1-29) 3 (1-35) 4 (1-36) 2,5 (1-20) 0,531 Disease Duration 6 (1-8) 4 (1-7) 3,5 (2-12) 5 (1-12) 0,462 Pneumonia Episodes (Post-Diagnosis) 4 (1-29) 3 (1-34) 4 (1-36) 3 (1-20) 0,914 Mortality 7 (18,9) 10 (24,4) 2 (16,7) 0 (0) 0,331 Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth 6 (16,2) 5 (11,9) 3 (25) 1 (9,1) 0,655 Gram-Negative Bacterial Growth 11 (29,7) 13 (31) 3 (25) 1 (9,1) 0,522 Non-Pseudomonas Growth 15 (40,5) 17 (40,5) 6 (50) 3 (27,3) 0,742 Streptococcus 1 (7,7) 1 (5,9) 2 (40) 1 (33,3) Acinetobacter 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (33,3) Escherichia coli 2 (15,4) 3 (17,6) 0 (0) 0 (0) Candida 5 (38,5) 1 (5,9) 1 (20) 0 (0) Staphylococcus 1 (7,7) 1 (5,9) 0 (0) 0 (0) Klebsiella 0 (0) 2 (11,8) 0 (0) 0 (0) Polymicrobial Growth 3 (23,1) 4 (23,5) 2 (40) 0 (0) Other 1 (7,7) 5 (29,4) 0 (0) 1 (33,3) WBC (10³/µL) 9,5 (1-22) 9,1 (5,2-67,7) 11,4 (4,9-20,6) 7,8 (5,1-16,5) 0,469 PLT (10³/µL) 282,1 (134-587) 290,5 (166-769) 287 (263-362) 269 (191-397) 0,630 NEU (10³/µL) 6,6 (0,1-17,7) 6,7 (2,1-61,8) 9 (3-17) 5,1 (2,7-15,1) 0,277 LYM (10³/µL) 1,7 (0,4-9,2) 1,9 (0,3-4) 1,9 (0,6-2,5) 1,8 (0,6-3,5) 0,878 EOS (10³/µL) 0,1 (0-2,6) 0,1 (0-0,6) 0,1 (0-0,4) 0,2 (0-0,5) 0,127 Note: Bold represents statistically significant. Abbreviations: WBC, White Blood Cell Count (WBC);PLT,platelet count;NEU, neutrophil count; LYM, Lymphocyte Count; EOS, Eosinophil; BPAP, Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Use;LTOT, Long-Term Oxygen Therapy Use. Abbreviations WBC White Blood Cell Count (WBC) PLT platelet count NEU neutrophil count LYM Lymphocyte Count EOS Eosinophil BPAP Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Use LTOT Long-Term Oxygen Therapy Use. Declarations Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate : Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital (Approval Date: December 12, 2023; Approval Number: B.10.1.TKH.4.34.H.GP.0.01/454). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. As this was a retrospective study using anonymized data, informed consent was waived. Consent for Publication : Not applicable. Availability of Data and Materials : The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing Interests : The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding : No specific funding was received for this study. Authors’ Contributions : GT contributed to the study design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript writing. AÇ and AMD contributed to data collection and clinical evaluation. ŞB contributed to interpretation of the results and critical manuscript revision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgments : We would like to thank the medical and records departments of Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital for their support in accessing patient data. References Boren T, Falk P, Roth KA, Larson G, Normark S. Attachment of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric epithelium mediated by blood group antigens. Science. 1993;262(5141):1892-5. Tan M, Jiang X. 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ABO blood group: old dogma, new perspectives. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). 2013;51(8):1545-53. Garth J, Barnes JW, Krick S. Targeting cytokines as evolving treatment strategies in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. International journal of molecular sciences. 2018;19(11):3402. Pasteur MC, Bilton D, Hill AT. British thoracic Society guideline for non-CFbronchiectasis. Thorax. 2010;65(Suppl 1):i1-i58. Keir HR, Chalmers JD, editors. Pathophysiology of bronchiectasis. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine; 2021: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Polverino E, Goeminne PC, McDonnell MJ, Aliberti S, Marshall SE, Loebinger MR, et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of adult bronchiectasis. European Respiratory Journal. 2017;50(3). Aksamit TR, Lapinel NC, Choate R, Feliciano J, Winthrop KL, Schmid A, et al. 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The contribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection to clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis: a prospective cohort study. Annals of Medicine. 2021;53(1):459-69. Dicker AJ, Lonergan M, Keir HR, Smith AH, Pollock J, Finch S, et al. The sputum microbiome and clinical outcomes in patients with bronchiectasis: a prospective observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2021;9(8):885-96. Finch S, McDonnell MJ, Abo-Leyah H, Aliberti S, Chalmers JD. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization on prognosis in adult bronchiectasis. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2015;12(11):1602-11. Song J, Sin S, Kang H-R, Oh Y-M, Jeong I. Clinical Impacts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolation in Patients with Bronchiectasis: Findings from KMBARC Registry. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024;13(17):5011. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Abdülhamid Han Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Güzide","middleName":"","lastName":"Tomas¹","suffix":""},{"id":535059950,"identity":"4a19fc2a-e3e8-48c0-ab2c-afe9b556a159","order_by":1,"name":"Ayşe Çapar²","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sultan 2. Abdülhamid Han Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ayşe","middleName":"","lastName":"Çapar²","suffix":""},{"id":535059951,"identity":"1dcd3631-15de-4a30-89fb-17c747e27cf4","order_by":2,"name":"Aslı Mezide Dulkadiroğlu¹","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sultan 2. Abdülhamid Han Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aslı","middleName":"Mezide","lastName":"Dulkadiroğlu¹","suffix":""},{"id":535059952,"identity":"e4d17748-bcb7-435e-8862-abaca05da5c3","order_by":3,"name":"Şeyma Başlılar¹","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sultan 2. 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These antigens can be found not only on erythrocytes but also on epithelial cells and mucosal surfaces and may facilitate some infections and prevent other.Recent studies have shown that there is a significant relationship between blood group and susceptibility to various infections (1-6). \u0026nbsp;This issue has been popularized in numerous studies, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it has been observed that there is an increased risk of infection in individuals with group A, while there is a relative protective effect in group O(7, 8)In addition, a relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and blood group(1) A has been established.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBronchiectasis is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by irreversible dilatation of the bronchi associated with impaired mucociliary clearance, mucus accumulation and recurrent infections.Infections play a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. Permanent damage to the airways leads to impaired mucociliary clearance and, together with the accumulation of mucus, creates a favorable environment for microorganisms. As a consequence: patients may suffer from frequent infections which may \u0026nbsp;trigger acute attacks of the disease and lead to further damage to the bronchi(9-12).On the other hand infections are important both for progression of the disease and mortality (13). In pediatric patients it was reported that Blood group B was highly associated with P. aeruginosa sepsis (14). On the other hand no association was found between ABO blood type gene polymorphism and the lung disease severity and \u0026nbsp;the age of onset of P. aeruginosa infection\u0026nbsp;(15), nor with \u0026nbsp;ABO Blood Group type and pseudomonas colonisation in CF bronchiectasis\u0026nbsp;(16). To our knowledge the relation between bacterial infections and ABO blood type was not investigated in non CF bronchiectasis patients. So we planned\u0026nbsp;this study \u0026nbsp;to evaluate whether there was a relationship between ABO blood group and clinical course and microorganisms grown in sputum in non CF bronchiectasis adult patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial and method:\u003c/strong\u003eBetween January 2016 and October 2024, patients with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis, known blood type and sputum culture results were retrospectively evaluated.Demographic and clinical data, inhaled corticosteroid use, ABO blood group, sputum culture result, exacerbation, hospitalization and intensive care unit stay, and mortality, if any, were recorded. Patients were divided into four groups as O, A, B and AB blood group and compared in terms of clinical course (hospitalization and intensive care unit stay, presence and number of exacerbations, mortality) and sputum culture results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Ethical Considerations:\u003c/strong\u003e Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital (Approval Date: December 12, 2023; Approval Number: B.10.1.TKH.4.34.H.GP.0.01/454). Institutional permission was granted to access and utilize anonymized patient data from the hospital’s electronic medical records. All data were de-identified prior to analysis to ensure confidentiality. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable data protection regulations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical Analysis:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAll statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for MacOS, version 29.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables were expressed as median values with minimum and maximum ranges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe normality of data distribution was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. For comparisons between two groups, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed data. For comparisons among more than two groups, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with bacterial growth in sputum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA p-value of \u0026lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eA total of 102 patients were included in the study, consisting of 51 males and 51 females (50% each). The median age was similar across blood groups. \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u003c/em\u003e growth in sputum was identified in 26 patients (25.5%), and colonization was observed in 6 patients. Comorbidities were present in 58 patients. A total of 41 patients were using nebulizers, a subset used BiPAP, and several were on long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). ICU admission occurred in 25 patients, while 19 patients died during the follow-up period. When clinical and microbiological parameters were compared among blood groups (O, A, B, AB), no statistically significant differences were found in terms of sex distribution, age, comorbidities, lung function parameters (FEV1, FVC), use of noninvasive ventilation, LTOT, ICS use, hospitalization duration, ICU admission, exacerbation rate, or mortality. Likewise, the rates of bacterial growth in sputum including \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u003c/em\u003e, other gram-negative and gram-positive organisms were similar among the groups. The only statistically significant difference was found in the number of emergency department visits per year, which was higher in patients with blood group B (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.047). The median values of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelet counts were also comparable across groups (table 1).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn the study, no difference was found between the blood groups in terms of the number of exacerbations, mortality rate and lung functions also growth of pseudomonas and other bacterial species in the sputum of adult patients with \u0026nbsp; non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.However, emergency admissions due to lower respiratory tract infection were higher in the B blood group which suggested that the risk of infection may be higher in the B group.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ePrevious studies have reported that the risk of urinary, upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system and skin infections and the risk of infection with E.Coli, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus species are lower in the 0 blood group than in other blood groups (6). It was reported that blood type O was also associated with increased incidence of cholera, plague, tuberculosis infections, and mumps, whereas blood type A was associated with increased incidence of smallpox and \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u003c/em\u003e infection; blood type B is also associated with increased incidence of gonorrhea, tuberculosis, and \u003cem\u003eStreptococcus pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e, and salmonella infections; and blood type AB is associated with increased incidence of smallpox and \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e and salmonella infections(5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe association between ABO blood groups and infections is mainly explained by the following biological mechanisms: (6).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Microbial Adhesion and Mechanism of Cell Entry: Some bacteria and viruses can directly target ABO antigens and may establish infections via binding these antigens e.g. Norovirus, Helicobacter pylori \u0026nbsp;and Plasmodium falciparum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Neutralizing Effect of Natural Antibodies: Anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies in \u0026nbsp;plasma may play a role in preventing infection by inhibiting the binding of some pathogens to host cells. (e.g. SARS-CoV-2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Modulation of the Immune Response: \u0026nbsp;Some studies suggest that group A patients \u0026nbsp;show an exaggerrated inflammatory response during infections related to \u0026nbsp;cytokine production, leukocyte activation and cellular immune response which may effect the clinical course e.g. COVID-19, influenza and systemic infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Effects on Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity: ABO antigens are present in mucosal secretions and this may alter the structural composition of the microbiota in gastrointestinal and respiratory tract mucosa.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBacterial growth in sputum in bronchiectasis leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have reported that the development of lower respiratory tract infections and chronic bacterial colonization in patients with bronchiectasis are associated with more severe symptoms, poorer quality of life, more frequent exacerbations, more hospitalizations, more rapid loss of lung function and higher mortality risk, especially pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the most common bacterium in bronchiectasis and has the worst prognosis (17-20).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInfectious exacerbations of bronchiectasis \u0026nbsp; especially with pseudomonas aeriginosa in bronchiectasis are associated with increased morbidity and loss of lung functions and poor clinical course (5, 17).In our study, the rate of pseudomonas infection was.25,5%. In a study conducted by.. Wang et al \u003cem\u003eP. aeruginosa\u003c/em\u003e was isolated in19.8% (17). The higher rate in our study may be expalined with the selection of patients only with microorganism growth in sputum samples. Although the emergency service admission per year was more frequent in B blood type, functional parmeters, hospitalisation duration, ICU follow up and mortality were similar. This may be explained with similar exacerbation rate.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe concluded that blood group type may not have any effect on clinical course and outcome of bronchiectasis patients but the risk of infection may be higher in the B group. However, due to the small number of cases, it was concluded that multicenter studies were needed to investigate the relationship between blood group and sputum growth and clinical course in bronchiectasis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1.\u003c/strong\u003e Distribution of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Blood Group in Patients\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"700\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 433px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eBlood Group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%) or \u0026nbsp;Medyan (Min-Max)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%) or Medyan (Min-Max)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)or Medyan (Min-Max)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%) or Medyan (Min-Max)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,870\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (54,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (45,2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (54,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (45,9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (54,8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (45,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61 (26-81)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59 (26-86)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65 (24-85)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67 (29-85)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,691\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP. aeruginosa\u003c/em\u003e isolated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (24,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (33,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (16,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (9,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,329\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColonization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (11,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (28,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Hospital Stay \u0026nbsp;(days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,3 (4-37)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (2-16,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,5 (3-19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (6-13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic Use (in the Last 6 Months)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1-10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1-12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1-6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,905\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) Use (years)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (2-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (2-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (3-13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,5 (3-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,635\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNebulizer Use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (35,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (47,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (18,2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBiPAP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (16,2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (8,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (9,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,748\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLTOT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (24,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (33,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (9,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo-mordities\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (62,2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (59,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (41,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (45,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,521\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAtrial Fibrillation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (8,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (9,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,231\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCoronary Artery Disease (CAD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (21,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (16,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (9,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,728\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChronic Kidney Disease (CKD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (8,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,596\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChronic Liver Disease (CLD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (8,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,056\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes Mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (24,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (28,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (18,2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,208\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHyperlipidemia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (24,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (26,2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (16,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (27,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,917\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (54,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (41,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (45,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,881\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMalignancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (8,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (4,8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,572\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure - CHF)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (8,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (4,8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,572\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmergency Department Visits per Year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 (1-11)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 (1-5)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 (7-10)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 (1-5)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,047\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFEV1 (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47,5 (22-94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57 (27-87)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62,5 (38-81)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78,5 (59-98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFEV1 (L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,1 (0,8-2,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,5 (0,9-2,9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,7 (1,6-2,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,2 (3,2-3,2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,303\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFVC (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (27-84)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59 (38-83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73 (63-90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94,5 (82-107)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFVC (L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,2 (1,8-4,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,5 (1,5-3,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,5 (2,2-3,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,3 (4,3-4,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,315\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFEV1/FVC Ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64,9 (42-87)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66,6 (40-114)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63 (57-84,4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64,5 (55-74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,945\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHemoptysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (40,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (28,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (9,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,222\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (24,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (16,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (9,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,431\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExacerbations Since Bronchiectasis Diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1-35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-36)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,5 (1-20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,531\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisease Duration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,5 (2-12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (1-12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,462\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePneumonia Episodes (Post-Diagnosis)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1-34)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-36)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1-20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,914\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMortality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (18,9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (24,4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (16,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGram-Positive Bacterial Growth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (16,2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (11,9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (9,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,655\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGram-Negative Bacterial Growth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (29,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (9,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,522\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-Pseudomonas Growth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (40,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (40,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (27,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,742\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStreptococcus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (7,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (5,9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (33,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcinetobacter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (33,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (15,4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (17,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCandida\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (5,9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStaphylococcus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (7,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (5,9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKlebsiella\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (11,8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePolymicrobial Growth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (23,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (23,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (7,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (29,4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (33,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWBC (10\u0026sup3;/\u0026micro;L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,5 (1-22)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,1 (5,2-67,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,4 (4,9-20,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,8 (5,1-16,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,469\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePLT (10\u0026sup3;/\u0026micro;L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e282,1 (134-587)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e290,5 (166-769)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e287 (263-362)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e269 (191-397)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,630\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNEU (10\u0026sup3;/\u0026micro;L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,6 (0,1-17,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,7 (2,1-61,8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (3-17)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,1 (2,7-15,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,277\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLYM\u0026nbsp;(10\u0026sup3;/\u0026micro;L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,7 (0,4-9,2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,9 (0,3-4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,9 (0,6-2,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,8 (0,6-3,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,878\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 192px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEOS\u0026nbsp;(10\u0026sup3;/\u0026micro;L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,1 (0-2,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,1 (0-0,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,1 (0-0,4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,2 (0-0,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Bold represents statistically significant.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: WBC, White Blood Cell Count (WBC);PLT,platelet count;NEU, neutrophil count; LYM, Lymphocyte Count; EOS, Eosinophil; BPAP, Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Use;LTOT, Long-Term Oxygen Therapy Use.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eWBC\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhite Blood Cell Count (WBC)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePLT\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eplatelet count\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eNEU\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eneutrophil count\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eLYM\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLymphocyte Count\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eEOS\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEosinophil\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eBPAP\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBilevel Positive Airway Pressure Use\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eLTOT\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLong-Term Oxygen Therapy Use.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEthics Approval and Consent to Participate\u003c/em\u003e: Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital\u0026nbsp;(Approval Date: December 12, 2023; Approval Number: B.10.1.TKH.4.34.H.GP.0.01/454).\u0026nbsp;The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. As this was a retrospective study using anonymized data, informed consent was waived.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eConsent for Publication\u003c/em\u003e:\u0026nbsp;Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAvailability of Data and Materials\u003c/em\u003e: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/em\u003e: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFunding\u003c/em\u003e: No specific funding was received for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAuthors’ Contributions\u003c/em\u003e: GT contributed to the study design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript writing. AÇ and AMD contributed to data collection and clinical evaluation. ŞB contributed to interpretation of the results and critical manuscript revision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/em\u003e : We would like to thank the medical and records departments of Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital for their support in accessing patient data.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoren T, Falk P, Roth KA, Larson G, Normark S. Attachment of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric epithelium mediated by blood group antigens. Science. 1993;262(5141):1892-5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTan M, Jiang X. Histo-blood group antigens: a common niche for norovirus and rotavirus. Expert reviews in molecular medicine. 2014;16:e5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGuillon P, Cl\u0026eacute;ment M, S\u0026eacute;bille V, Rivain J-G, Chou C-F, Ruvo\u0026euml;n-Clouet N, et al. Inhibition of the interaction between the SARS-CoV spike protein and its cellular receptor by anti-histo-blood group antibodies. Glycobiology. 2008;18(12):1085-93.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhao J, Yang Y, Huang H, Li D, Gu D, Lu X, et al. Relationship between the ABO blood group and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;73(2):328-31.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbegaz SB. Human ABO blood groups and their associations with different diseases. BioMed research international. 2021;2021(1):6629060.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCooling L. Blood groups in infection and host susceptibility. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2015;28(3):801-70.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZietz M, Zucker J, Tatonetti NP. Associations between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death. Nature communications. 2020;11(1):5761.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFranchini M, Liumbruno GM. ABO blood group: old dogma, new perspectives. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). 2013;51(8):1545-53.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGarth J, Barnes JW, Krick S. Targeting cytokines as evolving treatment strategies in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. International journal of molecular sciences. 2018;19(11):3402.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePasteur MC, Bilton D, Hill AT. British thoracic Society guideline for non-CFbronchiectasis. Thorax. 2010;65(Suppl 1):i1-i58.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKeir HR, Chalmers JD, editors. Pathophysiology of bronchiectasis. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine; 2021: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolverino E, Goeminne PC, McDonnell MJ, Aliberti S, Marshall SE, Loebinger MR, et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of adult bronchiectasis. European Respiratory Journal. 2017;50(3).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAksamit TR, Lapinel NC, Choate R, Feliciano J, Winthrop KL, Schmid A, et al. Association between bronchiectasis exacerbations and longitudinal changes in FEV1 in patients from the US bronchiectasis and NTM research registry. Respiratory Medicine. 2024;228:107660.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKuo K-C, Kuo H-C, Huang L-T, Lin C-S, Yang S-N. The clinical implications of ABO blood groups in Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in children. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2013;46(2):109-14.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTaylor-Cousar JL, Zariwala MA, Burch LH, Pace RG, Drumm ML, Calloway H, et al. Histo-blood group gene polymorphisms as potential genetic modifiers of infection and cystic fibrosis lung disease severity. PloS one. 2009;4(1):e4270.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMulherin D, Coffey M, Keogan M, O\u0026rsquo;Brien P, FitzGerald M. Pseudomonas colonization in cystic fibrosis: lack of correlation with secretion of ABO blood group antigens. Irish journal of medical science. 1990;159:217-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWang R, Ding S, Lei C, Yang D, Luo H. The contribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection to clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis: a prospective cohort study. Annals of Medicine. 2021;53(1):459-69.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDicker AJ, Lonergan M, Keir HR, Smith AH, Pollock J, Finch S, et al. The sputum microbiome and clinical outcomes in patients with bronchiectasis: a prospective observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2021;9(8):885-96.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFinch S, McDonnell MJ, Abo-Leyah H, Aliberti S, Chalmers JD. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization on prognosis in adult bronchiectasis. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2015;12(11):1602-11.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSong J, Sin S, Kang H-R, Oh Y-M, Jeong I. Clinical Impacts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolation in Patients with Bronchiectasis: Findings from KMBARC Registry. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024;13(17):5011.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Bronchiectasis, ABO blood type, microorganism, pseudomonas aeriginosa","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7502427/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7502427/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction and aim: \u003c/strong\u003eABO blood groups are shown to be related with susceptibility to various infections. Bronchiectasis patients may suffer from frequent infections which may result in poor clinical course and outcome. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between ABO blood group and clinical course and microorganisms grown in sputum in non-CF bronchiectasis adult patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial and method: \u003c/strong\u003eBronchiectasis patients followed between January 2016 and October 2024, microorganisms grown in sputum culture results were retrospectively evaluated.Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from hospital files. Patients were divided into four groups as O, A, B and AB blood group and compared in terms of clinical course (hospitalization and intensive care unit stay, presence and number of exacerbations and emergency visits, mortality) and sputum culture results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eA total of 102patients (51 males and 51females, 50%each) were included to the study. In 26 cases there was P.aeriginosa growth in sputum and 6 cases it was colonised. 25 (25,5%) patients were followed in ICU and 19(19,3%) patients were died. In all blood types investigated;all paarmeters were similar except median number of emergency visits /year was higher in B blood type(p=0,047).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion and conclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eIn the study, no difference was found between the blood groups in terms of the exacerbations, mortality rate and lung functions also growth of bacterial species in the sputum of adult patients with non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. However, emergency admissions due to lower respiratory tract infection were higher in the B blood group which suggested that the risk of infection may be higher in the B group. But due to the small number of cases, it was concluded that multicenter studies were needed to investigate the relationship between blood group and sputum growth and clinical course in bronchiectasis.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Association Between Blood Type Clinical Course and Sputum Microorganisms in Bronchiectasis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-30 04:11:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7502427/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"57e3b939-8e0d-439b-b362-3ca99d79d62b","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-10T07:55:40+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-30 04:11:36","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7502427","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7502427","identity":"rs-7502427","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}