Design and analysis PSO based Fuzzy PID controller for Load frequency and voltage of the synchronous generator

Design and analysis PSO based Fuzzy PID controller for Load frequency and voltage of the synchronous generator | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Design and analysis PSO based Fuzzy PID controller for Load frequency and voltage of the synchronous generator Bisrat Gezahegn Lemma, Yidnekachew Abebe This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3870257/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The paper presents Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Automatic Generation Control (AGC) systems to manage real and reactive power and maintain a system's steady state. A change in system load affects its voltage and frequency. Due to unseen load changes, it is challenging to manage load frequency and voltage to keep them within the allowed limit. A control action must be required for automatic generation control to manage the load frequency and voltage. The Automatic generation control balances system generation with load and losses. The load frequency control (LFC) maintains the voltage profile, managing the active power flows inside the appliance, while the automatic voltage regulator keeps the bus bar voltage within acceptable limits by maintaining the synchronous generator's terminal voltage. An Integral Absolute Error (IAE) is taken as an objective function. PSO optimizes the Fuzzy-PID controller's gain and performance. The evaluation of frequency deviation and voltage fluctuation with time is carried out for single-area systems using the MATLAB 2021a program. The deviation of frequency response and voltage is reduced using the Fuzzy-PID controller, which is based on particle swarm optimization. PID-based traditional controller and a fuzzy-PID controller are compared. The PSO-based Fuzzy-PID controller proved more effective than the traditional control. The Integral Absolute Error (IAE) value for PID is 1.553 whereas the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) value for the PSO-based Fuzzy-PID is 0.6793. Therefore, the result shows that PSO-based Fuzzy-PID performs better than a PID controller. Automatic Generation Control(AGC) load frequency control (LFC) Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) PID controller Frequency response and PSO-Fuzzy Logic Controller (PSOFLC) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3870257","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":267845212,"identity":"5b43ef77-9853-4929-8da4-bb3bd7e34382","order_by":0,"name":"Bisrat Gezahegn Lemma","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAxCRUGEDJBkbDxCrhbHhwZk0kJYG4rU0Pmw7DOYQp8Wc/+zzB4lt5+3Wth8G2lJjE01Qi+WMdMOGhHO3k7edSQRqOZaW20DQYTfYGBsSym4nmx0AamFsOEyElvPHgFrYziWbnX9IrJYDaUAtbQfszG4Qa4vljDTGGQlnkhPMbgBtSSDGL+b8xxg+/qiwszc7n/7wwYcaG8JaYCARrDKBWOUgYE+K4lEwCkbBKBhhAAAlrEuds9wDlAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Berhan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bisrat","middleName":"Gezahegn","lastName":"Lemma","suffix":""},{"id":267845213,"identity":"5177bbff-3461-42fa-9b73-eaa1f5942e00","order_by":1,"name":"Yidnekachew Abebe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bonga Polytechnic College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yidnekachew","middleName":"","lastName":"Abebe","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-01-16 15:29:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3870257/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3870257/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":60642552,"identity":"b873d57e-8697-4692-a32e-3d63e6a58be0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-19 03:59:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":764877,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Bisratydinekachew1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3870257/v1_covered_aa5f73a7-f857-4e80-b672-333d243f076a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Design and analysis PSO based Fuzzy PID controller for Load frequency and voltage of the synchronous generator","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Automatic Generation Control(AGC), load frequency control (LFC), Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR), PID controller, Frequency response, and PSO-Fuzzy Logic Controller (PSOFLC)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3870257/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3870257/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The paper presents Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Automatic Generation Control (AGC) systems to manage real and reactive power and maintain a system's steady state. A change in system load affects its voltage and frequency. Due to unseen load changes, it is challenging to manage load frequency and voltage to keep them within the allowed limit. A control action must be required for automatic generation control to manage the load frequency and voltage. The Automatic generation control balances system generation with load and losses. The load frequency control (LFC) maintains the voltage profile, managing the active power flows inside the appliance, while the automatic voltage regulator keeps the bus bar voltage within acceptable limits by maintaining the synchronous generator's terminal voltage. An Integral Absolute Error (IAE) is taken as an objective function. PSO optimizes the Fuzzy-PID controller's gain and performance. The evaluation of frequency deviation and voltage fluctuation with time is carried out for single-area systems using the MATLAB 2021a program. The deviation of frequency response and voltage is reduced using the Fuzzy-PID controller, which is based on particle swarm optimization. PID-based traditional controller and a fuzzy-PID controller are compared. The PSO-based Fuzzy-PID controller proved more effective than the traditional control. The Integral Absolute Error (IAE) value for PID is 1.553 whereas the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) value for the PSO-based Fuzzy-PID is 0.6793. 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