Determinants of Obesity in West Africa: A Systematic Review

Objectives Obesity prevalence is increasing in West Africa. This study explores obesity determinants in West Africa to inform policy. Methods Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO were searched for relevant papers from March to April 2020. The search strategy included combinations of key words specific to each database. Eligibility criteria included studies on obesity determinants conducted in West Africa, and involving participants aged eighteen years and above. The quality of the studies was appraised using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist. Data was synthesized qualitatively. Results Sixty-three (63) papers were selected. Majority of the studies originated from Ghana (n=22) and Nigeria (n=19). All included studies used cross-sectional study design. In all, 36 determinants were identified, of which 20 were demographic, socio-economic, lifestyle and biological factors, and sixteen 16 were environmental factors, like physical proximity to fast food outlets. Increasing age (OR=0.09, 95% CI= 0.12 to 65.91) and being a woman (OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.18 to 55.40) were the common determinants of obesity in West Africa. Conclusion Obesity in West Africa is determined by complex multi-faceted factors. There is an urgent need for robust engagement with wider stakeholder groups to develop obesity prevention and control policies in West Africa.