Ganglion of Impar Nerve

Cameran Vakassi, Dustin Liebling
In: Cancer Pain Procedural Techniques · 2025 · pp. 177–180 · doi:10.1093/med/9780190933500.003.0023 · W4408141214
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-08-09 ⓘ

The ganglion of impar, the terminal sympathetic ganglion innervating lower pelvic structures, serves as a target for treating various visceral pains and coccydynia, with imaging guidance minimizing rare complications.

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Abstract

Abstract The ganglion of impar is the terminal ganglion of the sympathetic chain, providing sympathetic and visceral innervation to the lower pelvic structures. This includes the lower third of the rectum, vagina, vulva, urethra, and coccyx. The ganglion of impar is a useful target in visceral pain caused by tumors of the rectum, anus, prostate, cervix, bladder, and vulva or postsurgical and radiation-induced pain of these structures. It can also be used to treat nonmalignant coccydynia and perineal pain. Complications of a ganglion of impar block are minimal, but include possible rectal perforation, discitis, and sacral nerve root blockade. Fluoroscopic or CT-guided blockade of the ganglion of impar is used to minimize these complications.

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