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ABSTRACT
Improving transpiration efficiency (TE) offers a pathway to increase yield in drought-prone environments. This study examined genotypic variation in TE and its physiological determinants across diverse wheat lines. An initial experiment with six cultivars was expanded to 105 genetically-diverse genotypes evaluated under well-watered conditions and fluctuating vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Using a high-throughput lysimeter platform, transpiration rates were recorded every 10 minutes and normalised daily at low VPD to account for genotypic variations in canopy size. TE was strongly associated with reduced normalised transpiration rate at high VPD (TRnorm-highVPD), while no significant relationship was found with maximum photosynthetic capacity. High-TE lines achieved either greater biomass with similar water use or similar biomass with lower water use, reflecting a water-saving strategy under high evaporative demand. A complementary experiment under low VPD revealed limited genotypic variation in intrinsic TE, reinforcing the value of TRnorm-highVPD as a screening trait. Consistent correlations between TE and TRnorm-highVPD across experiments highlight the potential of TRnorm-highVPD as a robust phenotyping target. Several high-TE lines outperformed modern cultivars, offering promising sources of novel alleles. These findings provide a scalable framework to identify drought-resilient genotypes and support breeding strategies to improve water productivity and achieve more crop per drop.
HIGHLIGHT Wheat genotypes with reduced normalised transpiration rate under high evaporative demand achieved greater transpiration efficiency. A new automatised high-throughput phenotyping framework is proposed to assist drought-resilient breeding.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
ABBREBIATIONS
- LTR
- limited transpiration rate at high evaporative demand
- TE
- Transpiration efficiency
- VPD
- vapour pressure deficit
- DS lines
- lines derived from a cross between Drysdale and Suntop
- gs
- stomatal conductance
- NIL
- near isogenic line
- TRnorm
- normalised transpiration rate
- TRnorm-highVPD
- normalised transpiration rate at VPD above 1.3 kPa
- TR7GLAnorm-highVPD
- cumulative transpiration over the last 7 days of the season normalised by green leaf area at harvest
- WUE
- water use efficiency
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