Calculation of the Fine Structure Constant derived from Principle Theory.

Calculation of the Fine Structure Constant derived from Principle Theory. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Calculation of the Fine Structure Constant derived from Principle Theory. Manfred Geilhaupt This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-696488/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Recently we have presented in a paper that the combination of two Principle Theories, General Relativity (GR) and Thermodynamics (TD), is able to derive the restmass (m) of an electron which (surprisingly) depends on the Sommerfeld Fine Structure Constant (FSC). In this paper we present a completed calculation of the FSC number (1/α=137.035999024(9)) from a GR+TD point of view Theoretical Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics Fine Structure Constant General Relativity Thermodynamics Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-696488","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":39424898,"identity":"26d9240d-9d9d-4bdc-aeea-5220cbca7106","order_by":0,"name":"Manfred Geilhaupt","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABF0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCDwwMzECKsfEwmMveA6YYG3DrYJwB1dIA1sLDc4ZoLQwMEC0SOfi16LafPdhcUWHNIO/e3HC4oOZwnr3k28OfC/cwyPbj0GJ2Ji+x8cyZdAbDMwcbDs84driYRzovTXrGMwbjmTisMTuQY/6wse0wg+GMxIbDPGyHE3ukc8yYeQ4wJG44gEPL+TeGjY3/gFrmPwRq+QfUInnG+DNIy35cWm7kALUAw0peAhhivG1ALRI8BtJgW3D55QbQloZj6TwGPECH8falF/OcyTEDapEwnoHTYUBbGmqs5eTbjz98zPPNOo+9HewwG9l+HN6HAR4DqJkJUAEJ/OpBQL4BVcsoGAWjYBSMAjgAAKXeZCLSZGmhAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Manfred","middleName":"","lastName":"Geilhaupt","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-07-08 05:26:40","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":true,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"coiExplicitlySet":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-696488/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-696488/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":13667406,"identity":"37bd3e85-9c6f-4332-9ecc-668cadcdc94d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 10:52:57","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":287653,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CalculationofFSCfromprincipletheory5.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-696488/v2_covered.pdf"},{"id":13658245,"identity":"4b3430c8-9dc2-477d-8d5f-ec84c72e0d5c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 10:14:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":284908,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CalculationofFSCfromprincipletheory5.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-696488/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":12376730,"identity":"a48430b8-4304-4858-b1f8-9cddd794544e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-08-12 16:48:29","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":284176,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CalculationofFSCfromprincipletheory5.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-696488/v2_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eCalculation of the Fine Structure Constant derived from Principle Theory.\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-696488/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"university of applied sciences Niederrhein","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Fine Structure Constant, General Relativity, Thermodynamics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-696488/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-696488/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eRecently we have presented in a paper that the combination of two Principle Theories, General Relativity (GR) and Thermodynamics (TD), is able to derive the restmass (m) of an electron which (surprisingly) depends on the Sommerfeld Fine Structure Constant (FSC). In this paper we present a completed calculation of the FSC number (1/α=137.035999024(9)) from a GR+TD point of view\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Calculation of the Fine Structure Constant derived from Principle Theory.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2021-08-12 16:48:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-696488/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2021-07-14 14:29:44","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-696488/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e715129d-351b-4746-b826-4291502670c5","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 12th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":6418356,"name":"Theoretical Physics"},{"id":6418357,"name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-07-14T14:29:44+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-08-12 16:48:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-696488","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-696488","identity":"rs-696488","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}