Acute pancreatitis

Lankisch PG, Paul Georg Lankisch, Apte M, Minoti Apte, Banks PA, Peter A Banks
Lancet (London, England) · 2015 · vol. 386(9988) , pp. 85–96 · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60649-8 · PMID:25616312
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This review examines the management of acute pancreatitis, covering diagnosis, complications, prognostic factors, treatment, and prevention strategies amidst rising incidence rates.

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This review article examines acute pancreatitis, identifying it as the primary cause of hospital admission for gastrointestinal disorders in the United States and other nations. The authors discuss established risk factors like gallstones and alcohol misuse alongside emerging causes and pathophysiological mechanisms to improve clinical understanding. Key aspects covered include diagnostic strategies, management of complications, prognostic indicators, and prevention of recurrent attacks or progression to chronic disease. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Acute pancreatitis, an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas, is the leading cause of admission to hospital for gastrointestinal disorders in the USA and many other countries. Gallstones and alcohol misuse are long-established risk factors, but several new causes have emerged that, together with new aspects of pathophysiology, improve understanding of the disorder. As incidence (and admission rates) of acute pancreatitis increase, so does the demand for effective management. We review how to manage patients with acute pancreatitis, paying attention to diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, prognostic factors, treatment, and prevention of second attacks, and the possible transition from acute to chronic pancreatitis.
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Abstract Acute pancreatitis, an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas, is the leading cause of admission to hospital for gastrointestinal disorders in the USA and many other countries. Gallstones and alcohol misuse are long-established risk factors, but several new causes have emerged that, together with new aspects of pathophysiology, improve understanding of the disorder. As incidence (and admission rates) of acute pancreatitis increase, so does the demand for effective management. We review how to manage patients with acute pancreatitis, paying attention to diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, prognostic factors, treatment, and prevention of second attacks, and the possible transition from acute to chronic pancreatitis.

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MeSH descriptors

Pancreatitis Acute Disease Diagnosis, Differential Gallstones Gallstones Humans Pancreatitis Pancreatitis Pancreatitis Pancreatitis, Alcoholic Pancreatitis, Alcoholic Pancreatitis, Alcoholic Prognosis Risk Factors

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License: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0