Approximate universality and large measurement gain of Rabi model in a linear potential under strong Doppler broadening

Approximate universality and large measurement gain of Rabi model in a linear potential under strong Doppler broadening | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Approximate universality and large measurement gain of Rabi model in a linear potential under strong Doppler broadening Dongyang Yu, Zhan Zheng This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8197834/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Strong spin-squeezing is unavoidably followed by large momentum broadening for a cloud of expanding two-component Bose-Einstein condensate, where the associated Doppler effects may be crucial and not yet clarified from a perspective of full quantum mechanics. Employing SU(2) Lie group theory, we derive a generic Riccati equation governing the unitary dynamics of the Rabi model within a linear potential and analyze the Doppler effect's impact on Rabi oscillations. Furthermore, by integrating Fisher information theory, we demonstrate the approximate universality and high metrological gain of phase-rotation measurement protocols even though under strong Doppler broadening. For a Kasevich-Chu atom gravimeter based on a cloud of expanding two-component Bose-Einstein condensate with strong interatomic interactions, our work provides a theoretical foundation for clarifying the role of Doppler suppression on the high sensitivity from large momentum broadening, and strongly indicates that the phase-rotation operation can be still applied to get large measurement gain even under strong Doppler broadening. Expanding Bose-Einstein condensate Fisher Information Doppler broadening Riccati equation Rabi model phase-rotation measurement Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 30 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 26 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 26 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 24 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8197834","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":603870942,"identity":"ba29a4f9-496a-4c1c-8100-363531df8a19","order_by":0,"name":"Dongyang Yu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCA0D8wcCGgbEBxGMjUgvjjII0oBZmErQw83w4DGQRq4XvRo6ZBI/BeXvmGfkHGD6UHWbgn92AX4skSIuEwW1mxhnJQBeeO8wgcecAfi0GIC0GBrfZQFqYedsOMxhIJBChJcHgHA9Yy1+itRwwOCAB1sJIjBbJM8+KLRsMkg0Yex4bHOw5l84jcYOAFr7jyRtv//ljZ2/YnvjwwY8yazn+GQS0MAhkGIBpwwZISuAhoB4I+I8/ANPyhJWOglEwCkbBSAUAfCZDQZ8Swm0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dongyang","middleName":"","lastName":"Yu","suffix":""},{"id":603870944,"identity":"d80f73a6-c9c9-42b2-8c0b-c8f4447fe4be","order_by":1,"name":"Zhan Zheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zheng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-11-25 02:08:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8197834/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8197834/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104780448,"identity":"780c6ff6-34d4-49e6-93b3-6e4d9dc85c95","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 07:53:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":793593,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"QIP.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8197834/v1_covered_63091550-4465-4b79-a2d8-d84dcbc45ead.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Approximate universality and large measurement gain of Rabi model in a linear potential under strong Doppler broadening","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"quantum-information-processing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"qinp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Quantum Information Processing](http://link.springer.com/journal/11128)","snPcode":"11128","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11128/3","title":"Quantum Information Processing","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Expanding Bose-Einstein condensate, Fisher Information, Doppler broadening, Riccati equation, Rabi model, phase-rotation measurement","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8197834/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8197834/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eStrong spin-squeezing is unavoidably followed by large momentum broadening for a cloud of expanding two-component Bose-Einstein condensate, where the associated Doppler effects may be crucial and not yet clarified from a perspective of full quantum mechanics. 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