Structural Deformation Assessment of Brick and Stone Pagoda Heritage base on HPDM Spatial Characteristics Analysis

Structural Deformation Assessment of Brick and Stone Pagoda Heritage base on HPDM Spatial Characteristics Analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Structural Deformation Assessment of Brick and Stone Pagoda Heritage base on HPDM Spatial Characteristics Analysis Yi Deng, Yu Li, Quan Zhang, Jianshen Zou, Ling Cai This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8120220/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Traditional surveying and finite element simulation have problems such as low efficiency, insufficient accuracy and inconvenient operation in the deformation assessment of brick and stone pagoda. To meet the needs of overall pre-assessment in the early stage of heritage protection, this study proposes an efficient structural pathology method based on the spatial characteristics analysis of high-precision digital models (HPDM). By fusing multi-source data to construct a refined three-dimensional model, and combining the octree algorithm for model lightweighting and solidification processing, the Rhino+Grasshopper platform is used to achieve layer-by-layer slicing and centroid extraction. Based on Python/NumPy, six structural indicators such as horizontal displacement, spatial displacement, tilt angle and torsion angle are calculated to achieve quantitative assessment and visual expression of the deformation of brick and stone pagoda. Taking five Song Dynasty brick and stone pagoda in Guangdong Province as examples, the effectiveness and reliability of this method in overall tilt judgment, tilt mode classification and pathology area identification are verified. The results show that the spatial characteristics analysis method significantly improves the assessment efficiency while ensuring accuracy, providing a scientific basis for the rapid screening and precise protection of brick and stone pagoda heritage, and offering a new idea for studying the correlation between structural pathologies and material pathologies. Brick and stone pagoda Architectural heritage Structural deformation High-precision digital model Spatial Characteristics Analysis Tilt pattern Pathology assessment Visual analytics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 30 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 30 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 21 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 25 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 25 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 15 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8120220","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":550814476,"identity":"9cd4fdec-1115-4d7e-a48f-e69846a75609","order_by":0,"name":"Yi 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Analysis","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"npj-heritage-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"hsci","sideBox":"Learn more about [Heritage Science](http://heritagesciencejournal.springeropen.com)","snPcode":"40494","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40494/3","title":"npj Heritage Science","twitterHandle":"@SpringerOpen","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Brick and stone pagoda, Architectural heritage, Structural deformation, High-precision digital model, Spatial Characteristics Analysis, Tilt pattern, Pathology assessment Visual analytics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8120220/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8120220/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Traditional surveying and finite element simulation have problems such as low efficiency, insufficient accuracy and inconvenient operation in the deformation assessment of brick and stone pagoda. To meet the needs of overall pre-assessment in the early stage of heritage protection, this study proposes an efficient structural pathology method based on the spatial characteristics analysis of high-precision digital models (HPDM). By fusing multi-source data to construct a refined three-dimensional model, and combining the octree algorithm for model lightweighting and solidification processing, the Rhino+Grasshopper platform is used to achieve layer-by-layer slicing and centroid extraction. Based on Python/NumPy, six structural indicators such as horizontal displacement, spatial displacement, tilt angle and torsion angle are calculated to achieve quantitative assessment and visual expression of the deformation of brick and stone pagoda. Taking five Song Dynasty brick and stone pagoda in Guangdong Province as examples, the effectiveness and reliability of this method in overall tilt judgment, tilt mode classification and pathology area identification are verified. The results show that the spatial characteristics analysis method significantly improves the assessment efficiency while ensuring accuracy, providing a scientific basis for the rapid screening and precise protection of brick and stone pagoda heritage, and offering a new idea for studying the correlation between structural pathologies and material pathologies.","manuscriptTitle":"Structural Deformation Assessment of Brick and Stone Pagoda Heritage base on HPDM Spatial Characteristics Analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-01 04:03:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8120220/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-30T13:27:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-30T12:37:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"169722473764192370644843799642481834622","date":"2026-01-07T08:44:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-22T02:27:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"172132307114605587922693367730217469141","date":"2025-12-16T02:13:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-25T22:34:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-25T17:26:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-25T17:24:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"npj heritage science","date":"2025-11-15T07:31:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"npj-heritage-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"hsci","sideBox":"Learn more about [Heritage Science](http://heritagesciencejournal.springeropen.com)","snPcode":"40494","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40494/3","title":"npj Heritage Science","twitterHandle":"@SpringerOpen","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d57a31d4-04ea-4ee6-b3d2-816b61b960b2","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 1st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-29T12:54:37+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-01 04:03:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8120220","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8120220","identity":"rs-8120220","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}