Latin American adults who regularly use macrodoses of psychedelics: a cross-sectional study

Latin American adults who regularly use macrodoses of psychedelics: a cross-sectional study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Latin American adults who regularly use macrodoses of psychedelics: a cross-sectional study Oscar Véliz-García, Marcos Domic This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4706910/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Psychedelics have a complex history marked by traditional use among indigenous cultures, early scientific interest, and subsequent prohibition. Despite their classification as controlled substances, recent decades have witnessed a resurgence of research into their therapeutic potential for various mental health conditions. However, most studies have focused on controlled clinical settings, leaving a significant gap in understanding how these substances are used in naturalistic contexts, particularly in Latin America. This study investigates the regular use of macrodoses of psychedelics among Latin American adults. We aimed to characterize the sociodemographic profiles, consumption practices, and subjective effects experienced by individuals who use psychedelics regularly. Data were collected via an online survey from 4,270 participants across several Latin American countries. Results indicated a diverse user base with varied motivations, predominantly psychological and spiritual well-being. The most frequently used substance was psilocybin mushrooms, with significant associations found between demographic variables and specific psychedelics used. The study provides new insights into the naturalistic use of psychedelics in Latin America, highlighting the need for informed, safe, and legal use frameworks. Psychedelics macrodoses well-being consumption practices psilocybin Introduction According to the United Nations World Drug Report 2023, an estimated 13.2 million people used drugs in 2021 ( 1 ). In this context, psychedelics are consistently associated with recreational and illicit use, however they have a long history of safe use among the indigenous cultures of the Americas ( 2 ) and Eurasia ( 3 ). The interest of allopathic medicine in these substances arose with the discovery of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) by Albert Hoffman in 1943 and its therapeutic potential for mental health ( 4 ). The unsafe use of these substances outside the experimental and/or clinical context, as well as the political revolution of the countercultural movement of the 1960s, led the United States government to declare a federal ban on the use of psychedelics in 1968, a pronouncement ratified globally by the United Nation Convention on Narcotics in 1971 ( 4 ). Even though research with psychedelic substances has been conducted over the past three decades ( 4 ) Griffiths’ 2006 study started the scientific psychedelic renaissance ( 4 , 6 ) which was enhanced by Carhart-Harris and Nutt's 2012 neuroimaging studies ( 6 ). Additionally, in recent years, several scientific reports have showed its therapeutic potential to address, for example, depression and anxiety ( 7 , 8 , 9 ), post-traumatic stress disorder ( 10 , 11 , 12 ), alcohol addiction ( 13 ), heroin addiction and opioid withdrawal symptoms ( 14 , 15 , 16 ), abstinence from alcohol, barbiturates, sedatives, cocaine, amphetamines, and solvents ( 17 ), etc. As mentioned above, empirical studies in this decade have focused on the therapeutic potential of these substances in mental health and its neurodynamic correlates, but we have little knowledge of how psychedelics are used in naturalistic settings ( 18 ). By this date, there is no research in the Latin American context that characterizes the use of these substances and/or the people who use it. The present study aims to contribute to the characterization of the regular consumption of macrodoses of psychedelics in the Latin Americas community, as well as the practices associated with the use of these substances, considering sociodemographic variables and variables related to the consumption itself. Methods The study was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Universidad Católica del Norte (resolution n° 013/2023) and adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Singapore. Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants before they responded to the survey. The study had an exploratory and cross-sectional design, and considered adults who regularly use psychedelics. In the absence of a single and clear definition of what is considered regular use, this criterion was operationalized as people who have been using psychedelics for at least three years with a frequency of at least four times per year (once per quarter). The inclusion criteria considered persons 18 years of age or older who could read and understand Spanish and who met the operationalization of habitual consumption. To encourage participation, the survey did not collect any personal identification data (e.g., name, national identification number, email, etc.). Given this design feature, the inclusion criteria could not be verified beyond the information provided by the participants themselves. We collected data between April 2023 and March 2024 from self-selected participants recruited through web-based announcements on social media services (Instagram and Facebook), advertisements, and interviews published in digital information channels of broadcasters, universities, and Non-Governmental Organizations related to psychedelics. The required sample size was determined with G*Power v3 for a large effect size (Effect size w = 0.1; α err prob = 0.01; Power = 0.99; Df = 5) which results in a sample size of 3641 participants. The online survey was developed by the research team and pilot-tested with a group of 50 people (to assess linguistic comprehension, correct functioning of the digital platform, etc.) and subsequently reviewed by a group of subject matter experts composed of clinicians and psychologists. The survey considered three dimensions related to sociodemographic information, information on the first consumption experience, and information on regular use. For this publication, data from the first and last dimensions described above were considered. To ensure that the answers given by the participants were the result of reading and not of randomly filling options, an attentional control question was included in every five questions (for example, “in this question we asked you to mark the triangle option”, “in this question select the option that represents the result of 3 + 3”, etc.). The regular psychedelics use considers the variable “purpose” which was operationalized as follows: recreational purpose defined as the search for pleasure, fun, and/or curiosity; medicinal purpose defined as the search to address a symptom and/or clinical condition of physical or psychological health; spiritual purpose defined as the search for connection with a higher and/or transpersonal dimension. The purpose of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy (PAP) is clear by itself. Additionally, the regular use dimension considers the variable “frequency of consumption” which was operationalized as follows: daily defined as every day of the week; weekly defined as every week, but not every day of the week; monthly defined as only some days of the month; and annually defined as at least four times a year, but not every month. Statistical analyses. We used descriptive statistics and the X 2 statistic to compare demographic and regular use variables. All X 2 significance test contrasts were performed at the p < 0.01 level on SPSS v25 Software. To address the multiple comparison problem in our analysis using multiple chi-square tests, all data were corrected using the False Discovery Rate (FDR) method ( 19 ). Results Demographics. The online survey was completed by 4270 participants from Chile (53%, n = 2263), Colombia (16%, n = 683), Perú (10%, n = 427), Argentina (7%, n = 299), Bolivia (6%, n = 256), Ecuador (4%, n = 171), and Uruguay (4%, n = 171). The mean age of the participants was 31.9 years (SD = 8.4). Table 1 shows the distribution of participants according to sociodemographic variables. Table 1 Distribution of participants according to sociodemographic variables Gender Female 56% (2391) Male 39.6% (1691) Non-binary 4.4% (188) Age 18–29 45.2% (1930) 30–64 54.6% (2331) 65+ 0.2% ( 9 ) Sexual orientation Heterosexual 72.1% (3079) 2SLGBTQIA+ 27.9% (1191) Sex-affective relationship Monogamous 56% (2391) Polygamous 0.9% (38) Open relationship 6.1% (260) Don’t have couple 37% (1580) Occupation/Employment Out of Work 5.2% (222) Homeowner 1.2% (51) Student 16.2% (692) Dependent Worker 34.7% (1482) Self-employed Worker 21.5% (918) Politician 0.2% ( 9 ) Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy Practitioner or Psychedelic Experiences Facilitator 6.1% (260) Dependent and Self-employed Worker 6.3% (269) Student and Dependent Worker 7.7% (329) Student, Dependent and Self-employed Worker 0.7% ( 30 ) Pensionate 0.2% ( 9 ) Personal monthly income (in USD) $ 0 to $ 698 49.6% (2118) $ 699 to $ 1423 31.4% (1341) $ 1424 to $ 3583 15.7% (670) Above $ 3584 3.3% (141) Education 0–8 years 0% (0) 9–12 years 7.2% (333) 13–17 years 39.9% (1678) Above 18 years 52.9% (2259) Religion/Creed Catholic 6.6% (282) Buddhist 2.6% (111) Evangelical 1.4% (60) Christian 1.4% (60) Agnostic 1.2% (51) Gnostic 0.5% ( 21 ) Hare Krishna 0.2% ( 9 ) Something higher 3.7% (158) Shamanism or Ancestry 1.9% (81) God/Jesus 0.7% ( 30 ) Nothing (no religion or creed) 79.9% (3412) (Paste Table 1 here) Regular psychedelics use. The mean age of the first consumption was 24.2 years (SD = 7.6) with a minimum age of 12 years and a maximum age of 67 years. On average, people have consumed 3 (SD = 1.85) different psychedelics during their lifetime. Table 2 shows the distribution of the quantity of substances consumed, as well as the distribution of each substance. Table 2 Distribution of substances and the quantity consumed. Number of substances consumed Just 1 33% (1409) 2 20.1% (858) 3 17.8% (760) 4 12.2% (521) 5 8.4% (359) 6 4% (171) 7 2.1% (90) 8 1.4% (60) 9 0.2% ( 9 ) 10 + 0.7% ( 30 ) Substance distribution Psilocybin mushrooms 88.8% (3792) MDMA 48.2% (2058) LSD 40.3% (1721) 2C-B 15.2% (649) San Pedro cactus 16.4% (700) Ketamine 15.2% (649) DMT 13.8% (589) Ayahuasca 12.2% (521) Salvia 4.7% (201) Peyote 4.2% (179) Floripondium 3.3% (141) Ibogaine 1.4% (60) Tepezcohuite 1.4% (60) Anandenanthera Colubrina 0.5% ( 21 ) (Paste Table 2 here) We observed 12 reasons why people decided to continue using psychedelics on a regular basis (Table 3 ). The main reason was “psychological well-being I experience when using” (65.3%, n = 2788). Additionally, 78.8% ( n = 3360) of people describe two or more reasons for regular consumption. Table 3 Reasons for using psychedelics on a regular basis. Reasons for continued use Psychological well-being I experience when using 65.3% (2788) Spiritual well-being I experience when using 59% (2519) The feeling of calm that lingers after use 50.6% (2161) Curiosity to explore what else can be experienced under the effects of the substance 47.3% (2020) The published scientific reports on the benefits of these substances 38.9% (1657) The reduction or elimination of the psychological symptoms experienced prior to consumption 24.4% (1042) The call of the substance itself, although I don't really know how to explain it 18% (769) The invitation of people closes to me who regularly consume 13.6% (581) The loss of fear of death 7% (299) The suggestion of a professional, as part of treatment 5.9% (252) The suggestion of a facilitator (e.g., Shaman, Paje, Taita, Machi, Medicine Man, etc.) 5.2% (222) To continue the path of self-knowledge and/or the expansion of my consciousness 3.3% (141) I had a bad trip the first time and wanted to have a better experience 2.8% (120) To remain in contact with the whole, with the unity, with the divine, with the mystery 1.6% (68) To continue to access information that appears in this modified state of consciousness 1.2% (51) To seek inspiration and/or enhance my creativity 0.2% ( 9 ) (Paste Table 3 here) Regarding the purposes for which psychedelics are consumed, 67.9% ( n = 2899) do so for recreational purposes, 32.3% ( n = 1379) for medicinal purposes, 61.8% ( n = 2639) for spiritual purposes, and 6.8% ( n = 290) for PAP purposes. 52.5% ( n = 2242) of the participants stated more than one purpose at the basis of their consumption. Annual consumption frequency represents the highest percentage (64.9%, n = 2771), followed by monthly (20.6%, n = 880), weekly (11%, n = 470), and daily (3.5%, n = 149). The contexts of consumption consider own house (65.1%, n = 2780), outdoors (64.4%, n = 2750), acquaintance's house (39.3%, n = 1678), stranger’s house (4.9%, n = 209), educational institution (3.5%, n = 149), party (30.4%, n = 1298), ceremony or retreat (20.4%, n = 871), PAP (2.3%, n = 98), and workplace (2.1%, n = 90). Regarding the company of consumption, it was observed that the most frequent was with friends (72.4%, n = 3091). The remaining percentages are distributed as follows: alone (49.2%, n = 2101), with partner (41.9%, n = 1789), with facilitator or professional (16.9%, n = 722), with family members (15.9%, n = 679), with strangers (7.7%, n = 329), and with dealer (4%, n = 171). The most frequent source of acquisition of the substance was dealer (63%, n = 2690), followed by friends (58.1%, n = 2481), homegrowing (22%, n = 939), facilitator or professional (16.6%, n = 709), partner (7.7%, n = 329), purchased through an application (7.7%, n = 329), and family member (5.2%, n = 222). Most people know the amount of substance consumed (81.5%, n = 3480), while 18.5% ( n = 790) do not. Participants spend an average of $ 135 (SD = 425,1) per year on psychedelic use. The changes experienced subjectively because of regular consumption are shown in Table 4 . Table 4 Subjective changes reported. Subjective changes reported Decreased memory capacity 10.1% (431) Improved mood 61.6% (2630) Worse mood 4.7% (201) Spiritual growth 53.2% (2272) Personal growth 55.7% (2378) Physical well-being (e.g., decrease of ailments that used to be frequent) 34% (1452) Physical discomfort (e.g., frequent onset of post-consumption discomfort) 4% (171) Increased capacity of self-observation (e.g., more attentive to what I feel, think and/or do) 67.7% (2891) Increased creativity 43.6% (1862) Increased problem-solving skills 40% (1708) Decrease in anxiety and/or distress 53,4% (2280) General reduction of fears 36,5% (1559) Decreased fear of dying and/or of losing something/someone 21,5% (918) Increased difficulty in concentrating on work and/or day-to-day activities 8,7% (371) Increased questioning of my work, relationships and/or habits, without discomfort 23,9% (1020) Increased questioning of my work, relationships and/or habits with discomfort 11,7% (500) Some degree of discomfort when sharing with groups of people (known or unknown), 16,9% (722) Distancing from people with whom I used to share frequently, without discomfort 22,5% (961) Positive changes in my eating, hygiene and/or self-care habits 39,1% (1670) Negative changes in my eating, hygiene and/or self-care habits 3,5% (149) Changes in my recreational interests (e.g., music, sports, movies, literature, etc.) 29,5% (1260) Heightened sensitivity (e.g., I feel more connected to my emotions and/or those of other people) 54,8% (2340) Decreased sensitivity (e.g., I feel less connected to my emotions and/or those of other people) 1,6% (68) No significant change, everything remains as usual 6,3% (269) (Paste Table 4 here) Regular psychedelics use and demographics. The results show significant relationships between sociodemographic variables and regular psychedelic use. Gender. Female gender is related to the regular use of LSD (χ 2 = 54.36, p < 0.01), and ketamine (χ 2 = 41.28, p < 0.01), while male gender is related to the regular use of DMT (χ 2 = 34.81, p < 0.01), LSD (χ 2 = 55.44, p < 0.01), and ketamine (χ 2 = 38.01, p < 0.01). Occupation . Student is related to the regular use of Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 44.80, p < 0.01), and LSD (χ 2 = 35.97, p < 0.01), and being a psychedelic experiences facilitator is related to the consumption of Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 47.88, p < 0.01), and Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 37.89, p < 0.01). Education . Psilocybin mushroom consumption is related to the groups of 13–17 years of education (χ 2 = 36.47, p < 0.01), and above 18 years of education (χ 2 = 40.20, p < 0.01). Religion or creed. Not belonging to any religion and/or not professing any creed is related to the regular use of Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 50.13, p < 0.01), Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 47.71, p < 0.01), LSD (χ 2 = 47.69, p < 0.01), and 2C-B (χ 2 = 45.38, p < 0.01), while shamanism/ancestry creed is related to San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 46.71, p < 0.01), Peyote (χ 2 = 38.72, p < 0.01), and Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 49.30, p < 0.01) use. Believe in something higher is related to regular use of San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 45.40, p < 0.01), Peyote (χ 2 = 48.69, p < 0.01), and Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 65.49, p < 0.01). Income. A monthly income lower than $ 648 is related to regular use of Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 33.90, p < 0.01), and 2C-B (χ 2 = 35.53, p < 0.01), while a monthly income above $ 3584 is related to Ketamine (χ 2 = 34.70, p < 0.01), MDMA (χ 2 = 35.83, p < 0.01), and Ibogaine (χ 2 = 47.33, p < 0.01) use. Regular psychedelics use and consumption variables. Moreover, we also observed significant relationships between the substance regularly consumed and certain consumption variables. Consumption context. Outdoors is related to Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 44.53, p < 0.01), LSD (χ 2 = 42.28, p < 0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 35.92, p < 0.01), MDMA (χ 2 = 37.43, p < 0.01), and DMT (χ 2 = 40.38, p < 0.01). Own house consumption context is related just to Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 38.41, p < 0.01). Ceremony context is related to Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 36.65, p < 0.01), Peyote (χ 2 = 68.16, p < 0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 123.12, p < 0.01), Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 146.70, p < 0.01), DMT (χ 2 = 47.39, p < 0.01), Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 63.78, p < 0.01), and Anadenanthera Colubrina (χ 2 = 37.85, p < 0.01). Acquaintance's house context is related to LSD (χ 2 = 44.46, p < 0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 41.11, p < 0.01), MDMA (χ 2 = 45.24, p < 0.01), DMT (χ 2 = 36.36, p < 0.01), and 2C-B (χ 2 = 45.82, p < 0.01). Party context is related to LSD (χ 2 = 37.81, p < 0.01), Ketamine (χ 2 = 68.55, p < 0.01), MDMA (χ 2 = 88.38, p < 0.01), and 2C-B (χ 2 = 68.55, p < 0.01). Educational context is related just to 2C-B (χ 2 = 47.49, p < 0.01). Consumption purpose. We observed a significant relationship between consumption for recreational purposes and consumption for spiritual purposes (χ 2 = 76.46, p < 0.01). Consumer company. Consuming alone is related to San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 36.26, p < 0.01), Salvia (χ 2 = 37.97, p < 0.01), and Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 45.22, p < 0.01). Consuming with couple is related to LSD (χ 2 = 36.15, p < 0.01), Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 44.16, p < 0.01), Ketamine (χ 2 = 35.70, p < 0.01), MDMA (χ 2 = 37.72, p < 0.01), DMT (χ 2 = 36.93, p < 0.01), Ibogaine (χ 2 = 38.43, p < 0.01), and Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 38.43, p < 0.01). Consuming with friends is related to LSD (χ 2 = 56.85, p < 0.01), Ketamine (χ 2 = 42.98, p < 0.01), MDMA (χ 2 = 56.95, p < 0.01), Salvia (χ 2 = 35.24, p < 0.01), and 2C-B (χ 2 = 47.69, p < 0.01). Consuming with strangers is related only to 2C-B (χ 2 = 55.32, p < 0.01). Consuming in company of a facilitator is related to Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 34.34, p < 0.01), Peyote (χ 2 = 71.08, p < 0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 95.58, p < 0.01), Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 172.76, p < 0.01), Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 60.01, p < 0.01), and Anadenanthera Colubrina (χ 2 = 39.90 p < 0.01). Consuming in company of a dealer is related to Ketamine (χ 2 = 63.59, p < 0.01), MDMA (χ 2 = 34.39, p < 0.01), and 2C-B (χ 2 = 56.08, p < 0.01). Acquisition. Regarding the sources of acquisition of psychedelics, through a dealer is related to regular use of Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 36.83, p < 0.01), LSD (χ 2 = 40.59, p < 0.01), Ketamine (χ 2 = 37.86, p < 0.01), MDMA (χ 2 = 38.95, p < 0.01), and 2C-B (χ 2 = 34.70, p < 0.01), while through a dealer via mobile application is related to Ketamine (χ 2 = 42.38, p < 0.01), and 2C-B (χ 2 = 39.09, p < 0.01) use. Acquisition through friends is related to the consumption of Ketamine (χ 2 = 36.37, p < 0.01), MDMA (χ 2 = 40.30, p < 0.01), and 2C-B (χ 2 = 36.37, p < 0.01). Acquisition through a facilitator is related to the consumption of Peyote (χ 2 = 63.94, p < 0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 81.09, p < 0.01), Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 166.10, p < 0.01), Salvia (χ 2 = 35.10, p < 0.01), Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 60.51, p < 0.01), and Anadenanthera Colubrina (χ 2 = 40.07, p < 0.01). Acquisition through couple (χ 2 = 38.11, p < 0.01) and/or a family member (χ 2 = 35.26, p < 0.01) is related to the consumption of MDMA. Homegrowing is only related with San Pedro cactus use (χ 2 = 41.16, p < 0.01). Considering that the use of psychedelics should consider the analysis of extra pharmacological variables, described as set and setting ( 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ), we set out to explore the relationship between the consumption of each substance and variables associated with consumption. We observed a significant relationship between ceremonial context, the company of a facilitator, and Ayahuasca (χ2 = 252.36, p < 0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ2 = 251.88, p < 0.01), and Peyote (χ2 = 248.81, p < 0.01) consumption. At the same time, significant relationships were found between consumption in the company of friends in the context of a party and MDMA (χ2 = 56.95, p < 0.01), 2C-B (χ2 = 57.69, p < 0.01), Ketamine (χ2 = 52.98, p < 0.01), and LSD (χ2 = 56.85, p < 0.01). Regular psychedelics use and perceived changes. It can be observed that there are significant relationships between the positive perceived changes and the psychedelic regularly consumed (Table 5 ) as well as between negative perceived changes and the psychedelic regularly consumed (Table 6 ). Table 5 Positive changes reported and psychedelics used on regular basis. Positive changes reported Psychedelics Improved mood Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 43.26, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 35.70, p < 0.01) Spiritual growth Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 55.71, p < 0.01) Peyote (χ 2 = 39.63, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 54.22, p < 0.01) Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 53.52, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 40.69, p < 0.01) Floripondium (χ 2 = 36.16, p < 0.01) Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 35.36, p < 0.01) Personal growth Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 67.12, p < 0.01) LSD (χ 2 = 36.60, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 43.54, p < 0.01) Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 47.43, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 35.24, p < 0.01) Floripondium (χ 2 = 35.27, p < 0.01) Physical well-being Peyote (χ 2 = 38.96, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 43.33, p < 0.01) Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 42.56, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 35.56, p < 0.01) Floripondium (χ 2 = 35.93, p < 0.01) Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 41.83, p < 0.01) Increased capacity of self-observation Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 70.79, p < 0.01) LSD (χ 2 = 39.11, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 42.44, p < 0.01) Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 39.62, p < 0.01) MDMA (χ 2 = 35.97, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 45.35, p < 0.01) Floripondium (χ 2 = 34.19, p < 0.01) Increased creativity Peyote (χ 2 = 42.09, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 44.62, p < 0.01) Increased problem-solving skills Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 52.65, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 38.56, p < 0.01) Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 36.09, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 38.81, p < 0.01) Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 39.11, p < 0.01) Decrease in anxiety and/or distress Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 40.65, p < 0.01) Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 35.31, p < 0.01) General reduction of fears Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 57.68, p < 0.01) LSD (χ 2 = 36.56, p < 0.01) Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 37.65, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 34.70, p < 0.01) Floripondium (χ 2 = 34.80, p < 0.01) Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 40.57, p < 0.01) Decreased fear of dying and/or of losing something/someone Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 39.66, p < 0.01) LSD (χ 2 = 35.13, p < 0.01) Peyote (χ 2 = 42.85, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 34.83, p < 0.01) Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 42.43, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 42.31, p < 0.01) Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 43.74, p < 0.01) Increased questioning of my work, relationships and/or habits, without discomfort Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 40.41, p < 0.01) LSD (χ 2 = 35.57, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 34.86, p < 0.01) MDMA (χ 2 = 36.92, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 44.49, p < 0.01) Distancing from people with whom I used to share frequently, without discomfort Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 44.51, p < 0.01) Peyote (χ 2 = 31.79, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 42.43, p < 0.01) Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 46.07, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 35.11, p < 0.01) Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 50.98, p < 0.01) Positive changes in my eating, hygiene and/or self-care habits Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 43.66, p < 0.01) Changes in my recreational interests Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 41.65, p < 0.01) LSD (χ 2 = 34.70, p < 0.01) Peyote (χ 2 = 46.48, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 35.71, p < 0.01) Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 37.88, p < 0.01) MDMA (χ 2 = 40.87, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 34.10, p < 0.01) Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 38.47, p < 0.01) Heightened sensitivity Psilocybin mushrooms (χ 2 = 61.75, p < 0.01) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 42.83, p < 0.01) Ayahuasca (χ 2 = 36.39, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 37.42, p < 0.01) Tepezcohuite (χ 2 = 35.01, p < 0.01) All X 2 significance test contrasts were performed at the p < 0.01 Table 6 Negative changes reported and psychedelics used on regular basis. Negative changes reported Psychedelics Decreased memory capacity Ketamine (χ 2 = 61.08, p < 0.01) 2C-B (χ 2 = 71.86, p < 0.01) Worse mood 2C-B (χ2 = 36.36, p < 0.01) Physical discomfort Ketamine (χ 2 = 39.24, p < 0.01) 2C-B (χ 2 = 49.51, p < 0.01) Increased difficulty in concentrating on work and/or day-to-day activities 2C-B (χ 2 = 42.44, p < 0.01) Negative changes in my eating, hygiene and/or self-care habits Ketamine (χ 2 = 37.39, p < 0.01) 2C-B (χ 2 = 41.91, p < 0.01) Increased questioning of my work, relationships and/or habits, with discomfort 2C-B (χ 2 = 39.33, p < 0.01) Some degree of discomfort when sharing with groups of people (known or unknown) San Pedro cactus (χ 2 = 20.30, p < 0.01) DMT (χ 2 = 24.17, p < 0.01) 2C-B (χ 2 = 23.04, p < 0.01) All X 2 significance test contrasts were performed at the p < 0.01 (Paste Table 5 here) (Paste Table 6 here) In addition, “changes in my recreational interests” are related to female gender (χ 2 = 36.06, p < 0.01), and male gender (χ 2 = 35.83, p < 0.01). Discussion The present study aimed to characterize the variables associated with the regular use of macrodoses of psychedelic in the Latin American context. Our findings on the age of first consumption differ from previous studies ( 25 , 26 ), which suggest that the onset of substance use occurs between 14 and 18 years of age. According to our findings the first consumption experience happens around the age of 24 years. This data could suggest that people could make consumption decisions with greater maturity and awareness, possibly supported by a broader knowledge about the substances involved. Even though psychedelics are considered drugs, it seems that their use implies a different pattern of onset than that of substances such as cocaine, opiates, etc. Previous findings ( 27 ) link the use of substances such as MDMA and Ketamine to the 2SLGBTQ + community, however, our findings show no relationship between sexual orientation and psychedelic use. About gender, previous reports ( 28 ) show that LSD use is higher in men than in women. We observed that LSD and Ketamine use is associated with both women and men, while DMT use is only associated with men. The non-binary gender did not present any association with the consumption of any substance. Our results show that 92.8% of the participants have technical and/or university studies, as well as 93.6% work and/or study. This finding contrasts with one of the most common misconceptions in the general community, which states that psychedelic users are people with a low educational level and no job potential ( 29 ). At the same time, our findings show certain relationships between occupation and regularly used substances, we observed that students are related to the consumption of Psilocybin Mushrooms and LSD, while being a facilitator of psychedelic experiences is related to the consumption of Ayahuasca, DMT, and Tepezcohuite. Only the use of Psilocybin mushrooms was associated with 13 or more years of education. Regarding socioeconomic status, previous findings associate substance use with low family socioeconomic levels ( 30 ), we can observe that the monthly income of each participant is related to the type of substance consumed, thus we can see that monthly incomes up to $ 698 are associated with the consumption of Psilocybin mushrooms and 2C-B, while the consumption of substances such as MDMA and Ketamine are associated with monthly incomes above $ 3584. In this context, it can be hypothesized that the socioeconomic level is related to the type of substance to which people have access, rather than to the consumption itself. About religion variable, previous evidence shows connection between this variable and substance use, whether illicit or licit, showing that a higher level of religiosity/spirituality is associated with lower substance use ( 31 ). Our results partially coincide with this evidence, since on the one hand most of the participants do not belong to any formal religion and this is associated with the consumption of Psilocybin Mushrooms, Ayahuasca, Salvia and 2C-B, but on the other hand, people who profess a shamanic creed are associated with the consumption of Ayahuasca, Peyote and San Pedro cactus, which is logical considering the substances involved, the context of consumption (ceremony or retreat) and their connection with the practices of Native American cultures, context in which these substances are considered to be sacred medicines and their consumption is part of their cosmovision. Global reports on the prevalence of each substance used vary greatly. The 2023 World Drug Report mentions that in Australia and New Zealand the demand for MDMA is the most prevalent ( 1 ), while in the USA 9.68% of the population consumes psilocybin mushrooms ( 32 ). Our results coincide with those described, considering that in the Latin American context Psilocybin mushrooms are the most consumed substance, followed by MDMA. It should be noted that these findings do not consider aspects related to the supply and demand of these psychedelics in the illegal market, representing only indicators of those substances that people prefer to consume. There appear to be no empirical reports describing the motivations of people who choose to use psychedelics in macrodoses. Previous findings highlight that those who consume microdoses of psychedelics do so in pursuit of improved mental health, personal development, and cognitive enhancement ( 33 ). Apparently, according to our results, the motivations for macrodosing are also mainly related to the psychological and spiritual well-being that people experience post-consumption. Additionally, we can observe that consumption for recreational purposes is the most frequent, however, consumption for spiritual purposes also represents a very high percentage. At the same time, considering that a significant percentage of participants describe more than one purpose basis of regular consumption, the statistics show a significant relationship between these two purposes. Like previous findings ( 25 ), our results show that most people prefer to consume psychedelics in the company of other people, it can be hypothesized that given the complexity of the psychological experience induced by psychedelics, the company of third parties provides security, containment, and support. On the other hand, we also observed that 49.2% of the participants practice solitary consumption. The results show significant relationships between certain contexts of consumption and the substance consumed, which highlights the importance of considering variables associated with the setting. Previous reports describe a preference for ceremonial contexts ( 25 ), while our findings describe a preference for own house and outdoor consumption. In addition, we can observe significant relationships between the substance consumed, the context of consumption, and the company. It is evident that consuming Ayahuasca, San Pedro cactus, and/or Peyote is related to the ceremonial context, and therefore, to the company of a facilitator, while the use of Ketamine, MDMA, LSD, and/or 2C-B is related to partying and being with friends. North American users have been reported to use psychedelics frequently ( 34 ). In the absence of a clear representation of frequency of use, the results show that most participants prefer to use psychedelics only a few times a year. The difficulty in uniquely operationalizing the concept of frequency may be related to the differences observed between studies. There are no known global reports associated with the detailed sources of acquisition of psychedelics. Our results show that most people obtain substances through a dealer and/or a third party. This is logical in the Latin American context where the adult and responsible use of psychedelics is prohibited by the legal framework of the countries. The findings show that these prohibitive frameworks do not prevent people from consuming, but rather favor illicit trafficking and the potential social and health consequences associated with illegal consumption, increasing the health risks to the population. Regarding the subjective changes associated with the regular use of psychedelics, we find it interesting to note that those considered negative are less frequent than those considered positive. At the same time, the negative perception of subjective effects is mainly associated with the regular use of psychedelics of synthetic origin, specifically 2C-B and Ketamine. On the other hand, the effects considered positive are mainly associated with psychedelics of organic origin. Within the relationships described, Psilocybin mushrooms are the psychedelic with the most significant numbers of relationships between use and experienced well-being. Considering the design of the study, the relationships presented here are of an exploratory nature; therefore, we consider that these findings provide a basis for future lines of research that delve deeper into these and other interactions, in terms of moderation, mediation or explanatory models of these relationships. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to understand the long-term effects of regular psychedelic use and explore comparative studies between different regions to uncover cultural and socioeconomic influences. Detailed analysis of set and setting in psychedelic experiences, particularly in naturalistic settings, can offer insights into their therapeutic potential. Additionally, examining microdosing practices alongside macrodosing can provide a comprehensive view of dosing impacts. Developing harm reduction strategies based on these findings will be crucial for safe consumption. Finally, investigating the impact of regular psychedelic use on community and social dynamics through interdisciplinary and ethnographic studies will deepen our understanding of its broader social implications. The production of this knowledge would help to generate an informed dialogue based on evidence, favoring a paradigm shift to lay the foundations for informed, safe, and legal use of these substances, in addition to breaking down stigmas, misconceptions, and prejudices associated with this practices, giving way to new research on this issue in the Latin American context. This information is relevant for Latin American governments to review the current regulatory frameworks on the use of psychedelics, considering the variables associated with consumption as well as the promising results regarding their therapeutic potential. Declarations Acknowledgments. We are very grateful to all the people who answered the survey. We also thank the institutions that collaborated with the dissemination of the study, especially the lovely team of Mantra Foundation. Author contributions statements. V-G O. Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, and Writing - review & editing the first, subsequent, and final version of the manuscript. DM. Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, and Writing - review & editing the first, subsequent, and final version of the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests. Data availability. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4706910","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":333617172,"identity":"3700ad48-1bfa-4876-a7b7-f19ee405b8cf","order_by":0,"name":"Oscar Véliz-García","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAn0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACxgMJDDYQ5gNi9QC1pEFYCURrYWA4TIIWfonkAwce/Dmf2D+7gfEDUVokZ6QlHEjguZ04484BZgmitBicOWNwIEHiduIGiQQ24hxmcOb8hwMJBudI0XK8BxhiCQdI0CLZ3gZ02IFk4xk3EpuJ8ws/M/PDhz/+2Mn2z0g++OEDMVqQAGMDiRpGwSgYBaNgFOAEAG68NoR0nBqnAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad Católica del Norte","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oscar","middleName":"","lastName":"Véliz-García","suffix":""},{"id":333617173,"identity":"d130bf37-232d-487b-9ba1-d96996c84474","order_by":1,"name":"Marcos Domic","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad Católica del Norte","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marcos","middleName":"","lastName":"Domic","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-08 16:12:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4706910/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4706910/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74590-3","type":"published","date":"2024-10-13T15:56:59+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":66597038,"identity":"800a5112-e6c7-4da1-a12a-4d7eeb667044","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-14 16:05:23","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":908139,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4706910/v1/2bbde5ab-2e8e-4661-90f7-70bb9c82a921.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Latin American adults who regularly use macrodoses of psychedelics: a cross-sectional study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to the United Nations World Drug Report 2023, an estimated 13.2\u0026nbsp;million people used drugs in 2021 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). In this context, psychedelics are consistently associated with recreational and illicit use, however they have a long history of safe use among the indigenous cultures of the Americas (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) and Eurasia (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The interest of allopathic medicine in these substances arose with the discovery of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) by Albert Hoffman in 1943 and its therapeutic potential for mental health (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The unsafe use of these substances outside the experimental and/or clinical context, as well as the political revolution of the countercultural movement of the 1960s, led the United States government to declare a federal ban on the use of psychedelics in 1968, a pronouncement ratified globally by the United Nation Convention on Narcotics in 1971 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEven though research with psychedelic substances has been conducted over the past three decades (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) Griffiths\u0026rsquo; 2006 study started the scientific psychedelic renaissance (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) which was enhanced by Carhart-Harris and Nutt's 2012 neuroimaging studies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditionally, in recent years, several scientific reports have showed its therapeutic potential to address, for example, depression and anxiety (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e), post-traumatic stress disorder (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e), alcohol addiction (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e), heroin addiction and opioid withdrawal symptoms (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e), abstinence from alcohol, barbiturates, sedatives, cocaine, amphetamines, and solvents (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e), etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs mentioned above, empirical studies in this decade have focused on the therapeutic potential of these substances in mental health and its neurodynamic correlates, but we have little knowledge of how psychedelics are used in naturalistic settings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). By this date, there is no research in the Latin American context that characterizes the use of these substances and/or the people who use it.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study aims to contribute to the characterization of the regular consumption of macrodoses of psychedelics in the Latin Americas community, as well as the practices associated with the use of these substances, considering sociodemographic variables and variables related to the consumption itself.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e The study was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Universidad Cat\u0026oacute;lica del Norte (resolution n\u0026deg; 013/2023) and adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Singapore. Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants before they responded to the survey.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study had an exploratory and cross-sectional design, and considered adults who regularly use psychedelics. In the absence of a single and clear definition of what is considered regular use, this criterion was operationalized as people who have been using psychedelics for at least three years with a frequency of at least four times per year (once per quarter).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe inclusion criteria considered persons 18 years of age or older who could read and understand Spanish and who met the operationalization of habitual consumption. To encourage participation, the survey did not collect any personal identification data (e.g., name, national identification number, email, etc.). Given this design feature, the inclusion criteria could not be verified beyond the information provided by the participants themselves.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e We collected data between April 2023 and March 2024 from self-selected participants recruited through web-based announcements on social media services (Instagram and Facebook), advertisements, and interviews published in digital information channels of broadcasters, universities, and Non-Governmental Organizations related to psychedelics. The required sample size was determined with G*Power v3 for a large effect size (Effect size w\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.1; α err prob\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01; Power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.99; Df\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5) which results in a sample size of 3641 participants.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe online survey was developed by the research team and pilot-tested with a group of 50 people (to assess linguistic comprehension, correct functioning of the digital platform, etc.) and subsequently reviewed by a group of subject matter experts composed of clinicians and psychologists. The survey considered three dimensions related to sociodemographic information, information on the first consumption experience, and information on regular use. For this publication, data from the first and last dimensions described above were considered. To ensure that the answers given by the participants were the result of reading and not of randomly filling options, an attentional control question was included in every five questions (for example, \u0026ldquo;in this question we asked you to mark the triangle option\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;in this question select the option that represents the result of 3\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;3\u0026rdquo;, etc.).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe regular psychedelics use considers the variable \u0026ldquo;purpose\u0026rdquo; which was operationalized as follows: \u003cem\u003erecreational purpose\u003c/em\u003e defined as the search for pleasure, fun, and/or curiosity; \u003cem\u003emedicinal purpose\u003c/em\u003e defined as the search to address a symptom and/or clinical condition of physical or psychological health; \u003cem\u003espiritual purpose\u003c/em\u003e defined as the search for connection with a higher and/or transpersonal dimension. The purpose of \u003cem\u003ePsychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy\u003c/em\u003e (PAP) is clear by itself. Additionally, the regular use dimension considers the variable \u0026ldquo;frequency of consumption\u0026rdquo; which was operationalized as follows: \u003cem\u003edaily\u003c/em\u003e defined as every day of the week; \u003cem\u003eweekly\u003c/em\u003e defined as every week, but not every day of the week; \u003cem\u003emonthly\u003c/em\u003e defined as only some days of the month; and \u003cem\u003eannually\u003c/em\u003e defined as at least four times a year, but not every month.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eStatistical analyses.\u003c/b\u003e We used descriptive statistics and the \u003cem\u003eX\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e statistic to compare demographic and regular use variables. All \u003cem\u003eX\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e significance test contrasts were performed at the p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01 level on SPSS v25 Software. To address the multiple comparison problem in our analysis using multiple chi-square tests, all data were corrected using the False Discovery Rate (FDR) method (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDemographics.\u003c/b\u003e The online survey was completed by 4270 participants from Chile (53%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2263), Colombia (16%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;683), Per\u0026uacute; (10%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;427), Argentina (7%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;299), Bolivia (6%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;256), Ecuador (4%, \u003cem\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;171), and Uruguay (4%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;171). The mean age of the participants was 31.9 years (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.4). Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows the distribution of participants according to sociodemographic variables.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of participants according to sociodemographic variables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56% (2391)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.6% (1691)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-binary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4% (188)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.2% (1930)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.6% (2331)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSexual orientation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeterosexual\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.1% (3079)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2SLGBTQIA+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.9% (1191)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSex-affective relationship\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonogamous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56% (2391)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolygamous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9% (38)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpen relationship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1% (260)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t have couple\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37% (1580)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation/Employment\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOut of Work\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2% (222)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomeowner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2% (51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2% (692)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDependent Worker\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.7% (1482)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-employed Worker\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5% (918)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolitician\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy Practitioner or Psychedelic Experiences Facilitator\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1% (260)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDependent and Self-employed Worker\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3% (269)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudent and Dependent Worker\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7% (329)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudent, Dependent and Self-employed Worker\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePensionate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePersonal monthly income (in USD)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e0 to \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e698\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.6% (2118)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e699 to \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e1423\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.4% (1341)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e1424 to \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e3583\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7% (670)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbove \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e3584\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3% (141)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;8 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0% (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u0026ndash;12 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2% (333)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u0026ndash;17 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.9% (1678)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbove 18 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.9% (2259)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion/Creed\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatholic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6% (282)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuddhist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6% (111)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvangelical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4% (60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChristian\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4% (60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgnostic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2% (51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGnostic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHare Krishna\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSomething higher\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7% (158)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShamanism or Ancestry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9% (81)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGod/Jesus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNothing (no religion or creed)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.9% (3412)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Paste Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e here)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eRegular psychedelics use.\u003c/b\u003e The mean age of the first consumption was 24.2 years (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.6) with a minimum age of 12 years and a maximum age of 67 years. On average, people have consumed 3 (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.85) different psychedelics during their lifetime. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shows the distribution of the quantity of substances consumed, as well as the distribution of each substance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of substances and the quantity consumed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of substances consumed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJust 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33% (1409)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1% (858)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8% (760)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2% (521)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4% (359)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4% (171)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1% (90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4% (60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 +\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSubstance distribution\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88.8% (3792)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMDMA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.2% (2058)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.3% (1721)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2C-B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2% (649)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4% (700)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKetamine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2% (649)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8% (589)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2% (521)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalvia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7% (201)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeyote\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2% (179)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloripondium\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3% (141)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIbogaine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4% (60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTepezcohuite\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4% (60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnandenanthera Colubrina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Paste Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e here)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe observed 12 reasons why people decided to continue using psychedelics on a regular basis (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The main reason was \u0026ldquo;psychological well-being I experience when using\u0026rdquo; (65.3%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2788). Additionally, 78.8% (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3360) of people describe two or more reasons for regular consumption.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReasons for using psychedelics on a regular basis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReasons for continued use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological well-being I experience when using\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.3% (2788)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpiritual well-being I experience when using\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59% (2519)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe feeling of calm that lingers after use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.6% (2161)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCuriosity to explore what else can be experienced under the effects of the substance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.3% (2020)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe published scientific reports on the benefits of these substances\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.9% (1657)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe reduction or elimination of the psychological symptoms experienced prior to consumption\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4% (1042)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe call of the substance itself, although I don't really know how to explain it\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18% (769)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe invitation of people closes to me who regularly consume\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6% (581)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe loss of fear of death\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7% (299)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe suggestion of a professional, as part of treatment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9% (252)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe suggestion of a facilitator (e.g., Shaman, Paje, Taita, Machi, Medicine Man, etc.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2% (222)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo continue the path of self-knowledge and/or the expansion of my consciousness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3% (141)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI had a bad trip the first time and wanted to have a better experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8% (120)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo remain in contact with the whole, with the unity, with the divine, with the mystery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6% (68)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo continue to access information that appears in this modified state of consciousness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2% (51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo seek inspiration and/or enhance my creativity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Paste Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e here)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the purposes for which psychedelics are consumed, 67.9% (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2899) do so for recreational purposes, 32.3% (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1379) for medicinal purposes, 61.8% (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2639) for spiritual purposes, and 6.8% (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;290) for PAP purposes. 52.5% (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2242) of the participants stated more than one purpose at the basis of their consumption.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnnual consumption frequency represents the highest percentage (64.9%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2771), followed by monthly (20.6%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;880), weekly (11%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;470), and daily (3.5%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;149).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe contexts of consumption consider own house (65.1%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2780), outdoors (64.4%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2750), acquaintance's house (39.3%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1678), stranger\u0026rsquo;s house (4.9%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;209), educational institution (3.5%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;149), party (30.4%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1298), ceremony or retreat (20.4%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;871), PAP (2.3%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;98), and workplace (2.1%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;90).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the company of consumption, it was observed that the most frequent was with friends (72.4%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3091). The remaining percentages are distributed as follows: alone (49.2%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2101), with partner (41.9%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1789), with facilitator or professional (16.9%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;722), with family members (15.9%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;679), with strangers (7.7%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;329), and with dealer (4%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;171).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe most frequent source of acquisition of the substance was dealer (63%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2690), followed by friends (58.1%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2481), homegrowing (22%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;939), facilitator or professional (16.6%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;709), partner (7.7%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;329), purchased through an application (7.7%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;329), and family member (5.2%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;222). Most people know the amount of substance consumed (81.5%, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3480), while 18.5% (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;790) do not. Participants spend an average of \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e135 (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;425,1) per year on psychedelic use.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe changes experienced subjectively because of regular consumption are shown in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubjective changes reported.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubjective changes reported\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecreased memory capacity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1% (431)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImproved mood\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.6% (2630)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorse mood\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7% (201)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpiritual growth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.2% (2272)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal growth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.7% (2378)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical well-being (e.g., decrease of ailments that used to be frequent)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34% (1452)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical discomfort (e.g., frequent onset of post-consumption discomfort)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4% (171)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased capacity of self-observation (e.g., more attentive to what I feel, think and/or do)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.7% (2891)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased creativity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.6% (1862)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased problem-solving skills\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40% (1708)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecrease in anxiety and/or distress\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53,4% (2280)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral reduction of fears\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36,5% (1559)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecreased fear of dying and/or of losing something/someone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21,5% (918)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased difficulty in concentrating on work and/or day-to-day activities\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8,7% (371)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased questioning of my work, relationships and/or habits, without discomfort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23,9% (1020)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased questioning of my work, relationships and/or habits with discomfort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11,7% (500)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome degree of discomfort when sharing with groups of people (known or unknown),\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16,9% (722)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistancing from people with whom I used to share frequently, without discomfort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22,5% (961)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive changes in my eating, hygiene and/or self-care habits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39,1% (1670)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative changes in my eating, hygiene and/or self-care habits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,5% (149)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in my recreational interests (e.g., music, sports, movies, literature, etc.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29,5% (1260)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeightened sensitivity (e.g., I feel more connected to my emotions and/or those of other people)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54,8% (2340)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecreased sensitivity (e.g., I feel less connected to my emotions and/or those of other people)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,6% (68)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo significant change, everything remains as usual\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,3% (269)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Paste Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e here)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eRegular psychedelics use and demographics.\u003c/b\u003e The results show significant relationships between sociodemographic variables and regular psychedelic use.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eGender.\u003c/em\u003e Female gender is related to the regular use of LSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;54.36, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and ketamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;41.28, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), while male gender is related to the regular use of DMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.81, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), LSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;55.44, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and ketamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.01, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eOccupation\u003c/em\u003e. Student is related to the regular use of Psilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;44.80, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and LSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.97, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and being a psychedelic experiences facilitator is related to the consumption of Ayahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47.88, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and Tepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.89, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEducation\u003c/em\u003e. Psilocybin mushroom consumption is related to the groups of 13\u0026ndash;17 years of education (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.47, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and above 18 years of education (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40.20, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eReligion or creed.\u003c/em\u003e Not belonging to any religion and/or not professing any creed is related to the regular use of Psilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50.13, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Ayahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47.71, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), LSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47.69, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;45.38, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), while shamanism/ancestry creed is related to San Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;46.71, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Peyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.72, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and Ayahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;49.30, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01) use. Believe in something higher is related to regular use of San Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;45.40, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Peyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;48.69, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and Ayahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;65.49, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eIncome.\u003c/em\u003e A monthly income lower than \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e648 is related to regular use of Psilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;33.90, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.53, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), while a monthly income above \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e3584 is related to Ketamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.70, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), MDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.83, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and Ibogaine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47.33, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01) use.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eRegular psychedelics use and consumption variables.\u003c/b\u003e Moreover, we also observed significant relationships between the substance regularly consumed and certain consumption variables.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eConsumption context.\u003c/em\u003e Outdoors is related to Psilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;44.53, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), LSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.28, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.92, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), MDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.43, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and DMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40.38, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Own house consumption context is related just to Psilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.41, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Ceremony context is related to Psilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.65, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Peyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;68.16, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;123.12, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Ayahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;146.70, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), DMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47.39, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Tepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;63.78, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and Anadenanthera Colubrina (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.85, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Acquaintance's house context is related to LSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;44.46, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;41.11, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), MDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;45.24, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), DMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.36, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;45.82, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Party context is related to LSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.81, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Ketamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;68.55, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), MDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;88.38, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;68.55, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Educational context is related just to 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47.49, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eConsumption purpose.\u003c/em\u003e We observed a significant relationship between consumption for recreational purposes and consumption for spiritual purposes (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;76.46, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eConsumer company.\u003c/em\u003e Consuming alone is related to San Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.26, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Salvia (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.97, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and Psilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;45.22, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Consuming with couple is related to LSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.15, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Psilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;44.16, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Ketamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.70, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), MDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.72, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), DMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.93, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Ibogaine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.43, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and Tepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.43, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Consuming with friends is related to LSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;56.85, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Ketamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.98, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), MDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;56.95, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Salvia (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.24, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47.69, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Consuming with strangers is related only to 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;55.32, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Consuming in company of a facilitator is related to Psilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.34, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Peyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;71.08, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;95.58, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Ayahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;172.76, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Tepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;60.01, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and Anadenanthera Colubrina (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39.90 p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Consuming in company of a dealer is related to Ketamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;63.59, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), MDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.39, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;56.08, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eAcquisition.\u003c/em\u003e Regarding the sources of acquisition of psychedelics, through a dealer is related to regular use of Psilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.83, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), LSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40.59, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Ketamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.86, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), MDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.95, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.70, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), while through a dealer via mobile application is related to Ketamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.38, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39.09, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01) use. Acquisition through friends is related to the consumption of Ketamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.37, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), MDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40.30, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and 2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.37, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Acquisition through a facilitator is related to the consumption of Peyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;63.94, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;81.09, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Ayahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;166.10, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Salvia (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.10, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Tepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;60.51, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and Anadenanthera Colubrina (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40.07, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Acquisition through couple (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.11, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01) and/or a family member (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.26, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01) is related to the consumption of MDMA. Homegrowing is only related with San Pedro cactus use (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;41.16, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsidering that the use of psychedelics should consider the analysis of extra pharmacological variables, described as set and setting (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e), we set out to explore the relationship between the consumption of each substance and variables associated with consumption. We observed a significant relationship between ceremonial context, the company of a facilitator, and Ayahuasca (χ2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;252.36, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), San Pedro cactus (χ2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;251.88, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and Peyote (χ2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;248.81, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01) consumption. At the same time, significant relationships were found between consumption in the company of friends in the context of a party and MDMA (χ2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;56.95, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), 2C-B (χ2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;57.69, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), Ketamine (χ2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;52.98, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and LSD (χ2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;56.85, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eRegular psychedelics use and perceived changes.\u003c/b\u003e It can be observed that there are significant relationships between the positive perceived changes and the psychedelic regularly consumed (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) as well as between negative perceived changes and the psychedelic regularly consumed (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive changes reported and psychedelics used on regular basis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive changes reported\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychedelics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImproved mood\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;43.26, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.70, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpiritual growth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;55.71, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39.63, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;54.22, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;53.52, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40.69, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloripondium (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.16, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.36, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal growth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;67.12, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.60, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;43.54, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47.43, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.24, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloripondium (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.27, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical well-being\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.96, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;43.33, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.56, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.56, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloripondium (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.93, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;41.83, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased capacity of self-observation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;70.79, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39.11, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.44, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39.62, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.97, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;45.35, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloripondium (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.19, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased creativity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.09, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;44.62, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased problem-solving skills\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;52.65, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.56, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.09, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.81, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39.11, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecrease in anxiety and/or distress\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40.65, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.31, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral reduction of fears\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;57.68, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.56, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.65, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.70, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloripondium (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.80, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40.57, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecreased fear of dying and/or of losing something/someone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39.66, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.13, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.85, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.83, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.43, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.31, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;43.74, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased questioning of my work, relationships and/or habits, without discomfort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40.41, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.57, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.86, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.92, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;44.49, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistancing from people with whom I used to share frequently, without discomfort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;44.51, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;31.79, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.43, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;46.07, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.11, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50.98, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive changes in my eating, hygiene and/or self-care habits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;43.66, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in my recreational interests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;41.65, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLSD (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.70, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeyote (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;46.48, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.71, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.88, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMDMA (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40.87, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34.10, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.47, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeightened sensitivity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsilocybin mushrooms (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;61.75, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.83, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyahuasca (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.39, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.42, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTepezcohuite (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.01, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003eAll \u003cem\u003eX\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e significance test contrasts were performed at the p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative changes reported and psychedelics used on regular basis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative changes reported\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychedelics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecreased memory capacity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKetamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;61.08, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;71.86, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorse mood\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2C-B (χ2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.36, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical discomfort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKetamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39.24, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;49.51, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased difficulty in concentrating on work and/or day-to-day activities\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42.44, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative changes in my eating, hygiene and/or self-care habits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKetamine (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.39, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;41.91, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased questioning of my work, relationships and/or habits, with discomfort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39.33, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome degree of discomfort when sharing with groups of people (known or unknown)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSan Pedro cactus (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;20.30, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMT (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;24.17, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2C-B (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23.04, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003eAll \u003cem\u003eX\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e significance test contrasts were performed at the p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Paste Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e here)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Paste Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e here)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition, \u0026ldquo;changes in my recreational interests\u0026rdquo; are related to female gender (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36.06, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and male gender (χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.83, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study aimed to characterize the variables associated with the regular use of macrodoses of psychedelic in the Latin American context.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur findings on the age of first consumption differ from previous studies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e), which suggest that the onset of substance use occurs between 14 and 18 years of age. According to our findings the first consumption experience happens around the age of 24 years. This data could suggest that people could make consumption decisions with greater maturity and awareness, possibly supported by a broader knowledge about the substances involved. Even though psychedelics are considered drugs, it seems that their use implies a different pattern of onset than that of substances such as cocaine, opiates, etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious findings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e) link the use of substances such as MDMA and Ketamine to the 2SLGBTQ\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;community, however, our findings show no relationship between sexual orientation and psychedelic use. About gender, previous reports (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e) show that LSD use is higher in men than in women. We observed that LSD and Ketamine use is associated with both women and men, while DMT use is only associated with men. The non-binary gender did not present any association with the consumption of any substance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur results show that 92.8% of the participants have technical and/or university studies, as well as 93.6% work and/or study. This finding contrasts with one of the most common misconceptions in the general community, which states that psychedelic users are people with a low educational level and no job potential (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e). At the same time, our findings show certain relationships between occupation and regularly used substances, we observed that students are related to the consumption of Psilocybin Mushrooms and LSD, while being a facilitator of psychedelic experiences is related to the consumption of Ayahuasca, DMT, and Tepezcohuite. Only the use of Psilocybin mushrooms was associated with 13 or more years of education.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding socioeconomic status, previous findings associate substance use with low family socioeconomic levels (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e), we can observe that the monthly income of each participant is related to the type of substance consumed, thus we can see that monthly incomes up to \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e698 are associated with the consumption of Psilocybin mushrooms and 2C-B, while the consumption of substances such as MDMA and Ketamine are associated with monthly incomes above \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e3584. In this context, it can be hypothesized that the socioeconomic level is related to the type of substance to which people have access, rather than to the consumption itself.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout religion variable, previous evidence shows connection between this variable and substance use, whether illicit or licit, showing that a higher level of religiosity/spirituality is associated with lower substance use (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e). Our results partially coincide with this evidence, since on the one hand most of the participants do not belong to any formal religion and this is associated with the consumption of Psilocybin Mushrooms, Ayahuasca, Salvia and 2C-B, but on the other hand, people who profess a shamanic creed are associated with the consumption of Ayahuasca, Peyote and San Pedro cactus, which is logical considering the substances involved, the context of consumption (ceremony or retreat) and their connection with the practices of Native American cultures, context in which these substances are considered to be sacred medicines and their consumption is part of their cosmovision.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal reports on the prevalence of each substance used vary greatly. The 2023 World Drug Report mentions that in Australia and New Zealand the demand for MDMA is the most prevalent (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), while in the USA 9.68% of the population consumes psilocybin mushrooms (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e). Our results coincide with those described, considering that in the Latin American context Psilocybin mushrooms are the most consumed substance, followed by MDMA. It should be noted that these findings do not consider aspects related to the supply and demand of these psychedelics in the illegal market, representing only indicators of those substances that people prefer to consume.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere appear to be no empirical reports describing the motivations of people who choose to use psychedelics in macrodoses. Previous findings highlight that those who consume microdoses of psychedelics do so in pursuit of improved mental health, personal development, and cognitive enhancement (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e). Apparently, according to our results, the motivations for macrodosing are also mainly related to the psychological and spiritual well-being that people experience post-consumption. Additionally, we can observe that consumption for recreational purposes is the most frequent, however, consumption for spiritual purposes also represents a very high percentage. At the same time, considering that a significant percentage of participants describe more than one purpose basis of regular consumption, the statistics show a significant relationship between these two purposes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLike previous findings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e), our results show that most people prefer to consume psychedelics in the company of other people, it can be hypothesized that given the complexity of the psychological experience induced by psychedelics, the company of third parties provides security, containment, and support. On the other hand, we also observed that 49.2% of the participants practice solitary consumption.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results show significant relationships between certain contexts of consumption and the substance consumed, which highlights the importance of considering variables associated with the setting. Previous reports describe a preference for ceremonial contexts (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e), while our findings describe a preference for own house and outdoor consumption. In addition, we can observe significant relationships between the substance consumed, the context of consumption, and the company. It is evident that consuming Ayahuasca, San Pedro cactus, and/or Peyote is related to the ceremonial context, and therefore, to the company of a facilitator, while the use of Ketamine, MDMA, LSD, and/or 2C-B is related to partying and being with friends.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNorth American users have been reported to use psychedelics frequently (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). In the absence of a clear representation of frequency of use, the results show that most participants prefer to use psychedelics only a few times a year. The difficulty in uniquely operationalizing the concept of frequency may be related to the differences observed between studies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere are no known global reports associated with the detailed sources of acquisition of psychedelics. Our results show that most people obtain substances through a dealer and/or a third party. This is logical in the Latin American context where the adult and responsible use of psychedelics is prohibited by the legal framework of the countries. The findings show that these prohibitive frameworks do not prevent people from consuming, but rather favor illicit trafficking and the potential social and health consequences associated with illegal consumption, increasing the health risks to the population.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the subjective changes associated with the regular use of psychedelics, we find it interesting to note that those considered negative are less frequent than those considered positive. At the same time, the negative perception of subjective effects is mainly associated with the regular use of psychedelics of synthetic origin, specifically 2C-B and Ketamine. On the other hand, the effects considered positive are mainly associated with psychedelics of organic origin. Within the relationships described, Psilocybin mushrooms are the psychedelic with the most significant numbers of relationships between use and experienced well-being.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsidering the design of the study, the relationships presented here are of an exploratory nature; therefore, we consider that these findings provide a basis for future lines of research that delve deeper into these and other interactions, in terms of moderation, mediation or explanatory models of these relationships.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture research should focus on longitudinal studies to understand the long-term effects of regular psychedelic use and explore comparative studies between different regions to uncover cultural and socioeconomic influences. Detailed analysis of set and setting in psychedelic experiences, particularly in naturalistic settings, can offer insights into their therapeutic potential. Additionally, examining microdosing practices alongside macrodosing can provide a comprehensive view of dosing impacts. Developing harm reduction strategies based on these findings will be crucial for safe consumption. Finally, investigating the impact of regular psychedelic use on community and social dynamics through interdisciplinary and ethnographic studies will deepen our understanding of its broader social implications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe production of this knowledge would help to generate an informed dialogue based on evidence, favoring a paradigm shift to lay the foundations for informed, safe, and legal use of these substances, in addition to breaking down stigmas, misconceptions, and prejudices associated with this practices, giving way to new research on this issue in the Latin American context. This information is relevant for Latin American governments to review the current regulatory frameworks on the use of psychedelics, considering the variables associated with consumption as well as the promising results regarding their therapeutic potential.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe are very grateful to all the people who answered the survey. We also thank the institutions that collaborated with the dissemination of the study, especially the lovely team of Mantra Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAuthor contributions statements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;V-G O. Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, and Writing - review \u0026amp; editing the first, subsequent, and final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDM. Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, and Writing - review \u0026amp; editing the first, subsequent, and final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData is available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eUNODC, Informe mundial sobre las drogas 2023 (publicación de las Naciones Unidas, 2023). \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCarod-Artal, F. J. Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures. 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J. \u003cem\u003eet al. \u003c/em\u003eAn Assessment of Psychedelic Knowledge Among People Using Psychedelics Naturalistically. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Psychoactive Drugs\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e55(4)\u003c/strong\u003e; https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2022.2142709 (2023).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Psychedelics, macrodoses, well-being, consumption practices, psilocybin","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4706910/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4706910/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePsychedelics have a complex history marked by traditional use among indigenous cultures, early scientific interest, and subsequent prohibition. Despite their classification as controlled substances, recent decades have witnessed a resurgence of research into their therapeutic potential for various mental health conditions. However, most studies have focused on controlled clinical settings, leaving a significant gap in understanding how these substances are used in naturalistic contexts, particularly in Latin America. This study investigates the regular use of macrodoses of psychedelics among Latin American adults. We aimed to characterize the sociodemographic profiles, consumption practices, and subjective effects experienced by individuals who use psychedelics regularly. Data were collected via an online survey from 4,270 participants across several Latin American countries. Results indicated a diverse user base with varied motivations, predominantly psychological and spiritual well-being. The most frequently used substance was psilocybin mushrooms, with significant associations found between demographic variables and specific psychedelics used. The study provides new insights into the naturalistic use of psychedelics in Latin America, highlighting the need for informed, safe, and legal use frameworks.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Latin American adults who regularly use macrodoses of psychedelics: a cross-sectional study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-01 09:28:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4706910/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-07-30T08:40:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-07-30T02:21:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-07-29T23:21:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"134431823115641821600188444595096209075","date":"2024-07-19T17:20:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"148849328403863086342374938624677689527","date":"2024-07-18T00:31:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-07-15T10:05:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-07-15T09:49:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-07-12T09:34:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-07-09T10:34:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-07-08T16:10:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c320aa65-e919-461f-8880-4046a607f6fb","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 1st, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-10-14T15:58:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4706910","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74590-3","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2024-10-13 15:56:59","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 13th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-01 09:28:35","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-024-74590-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74590-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4706910","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4706910","identity":"rs-4706910","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}