Towards an Integrated Model of Technological Cognition

Technological cognition—the human capacity to create, manipulate, and engage with technology—emerges from the dynamic interaction of multiple neurocognitive systems. Here we propose an integrative framework grounded in action and physical understanding. We argue that technological cognition arises from the interplay of semantic memory, technical problem-solving, visuospatial and motor functions, and social learning. Importantly, technological artefacts not only reflect human cognition but actively extend it, shaping a reciprocal relationship between mind and environment. This perspective may have broad implications, from clinical applications and education to innovation policy, suggesting new avenues for diagnostic technologies and inclusive design. Thus, we call for interdisciplinary research to elucidate the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying technological cognition and to explore how different technologies engage distinct cognitive and neural pathways.