Study on spatial diversity and influencing factors of Tunpu settlement in Qianzhong

The Qianzhong Tunpu settlement in China is a historical product of the co-evolution and development of the military defense policies of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) such as the station troops and station farms and the unique geographical and cultural environment of Guizhou. In order to explore the evolution of the spatial system of traditional settlements in the process of urbanization and its influencing factors, 10 traditional Tunpu settlements in Qianzhong were studied. Drawing on the relevant theories and methods of community ecology to compare and analyze the spatial characteristics and diversity influence mechanisms of Tunpu settlement. The results show that: (1) On the whole, the spatial diversity of the Tunpu settlement in Qianzhong is manifested as the phenomenon that the military Tunpu and the commercial Tunpu are relatively high, and the residential Tunpu is low. In the change of spatial scale, the spatial diversity of commercial Tunpu and military Tunpu settlements shows a decreasing trend from the inside to the outside, while the residential Tunpu shows a increasing trend from the inside to the outside; The spatial diversity between different settlements shows that there is a strong spatial similarity between commercial Tunpu and military Tunpu, and there is significant heterogeneity between residential Tunpu, while spatial heterogeneity fluctuates to varying degrees in scale changes, showing multiple forms of changes. (2) The spatial network and spatial morphology of the Tunpu settlement have a weak influence on the diversity of the α, which is significantly related to the spatial β diversity of the settlement, and is complementary in the correlation between the whitttaker and Bray-curtis indices, and the spatial network controls the spatial difference of the Tunpu settlement. (3) The spatial diversity of the Tunpu settlement is affected by the multiple synergies of the natural environment, policy support, socio-economic and cultural customs, and the socio-economic and cultural customs are the dominant factors control the spatial diversity of the Tunpu settlement. This study applies the theory of urban diversity to the exploration of traditional settlement spatial systems, and focuses on the analysis of internal and external driving factors of traditional settlement spaces. The results show that the theory of urban spatial diversity is also applicable to the study of traditional settlement space systems, enriches the traditional settlement space theory, and provides a theoretical reference for scientifically guiding the planning and development of traditional settlements.