\articletype Original Articles Candling analysis of egg development in an endangered bird species Crested ibis ( Nipponia nippon )

\articletype Original Articles Candling analysis of egg development in an endangered bird species Crested ibis ( Nipponia nippon ) | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 9 January 2026 V1 Latest version Share on \articletype Original Articles Candling analysis of egg development in an endangered bird species Crested ibis ( Nipponia nippon ) Authors : Yuansi He 0009-0004-8793-7345 , Xuebo Xi , Siyi Zeng , Hua Huang , Xiangjiang Zhan 0000-0002-4517-1626 , and Daiping Wang 0000-0002-9045-051X [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176796227.76046687/v1 134 views 100 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract \articletype Original Articles Identifying key factors influencing the survival of animals, particularly rare and endangered species is crucial to biodiversity conservation. In birds, hatching failure is pronounced in endangered species. Accurate assessment of egg development and the ability to distinguish non-viable eggs are essential prerequisites for identifying the causes of hatching failure and applying appropriate conservation practices. The Crested ibis ( Nipponia nippon ), a flagship endangered species, has a long history of captive breeding, which has contributed to population recovery. However, little is known about the specific process and characteristics of its egg development. In this study, we provided the first comprehensive description of normal egg development in the Crested ibis, including both the changes observed in unfertilized eggs during incubation and embryonic development via candling (n = 106 eggs, with 1,423 candling images), and offered a practical reference for assessing fertilization status and embryo viability. In addition, we estimated the timing of embryo mortality and found that most deaths occurred during mid-incubation (Day 7~15) (n = 12, 60.0%) and shortly before hatching (Day 23~29) (n = 7, 35.0%), highlighting these critical periods that require particular attention. This species-specific documentation of egg development provides a valuable reference for accurately assessing embryonic progress, evaluating environmental effects on survival, and guiding adaptive management, benefiting both captive breeding programs and field conservation efforts. Supplementary Material File (candling analysis of egg development in an endangered bird species crested ibis (nipponia nippon)_main.docx) Download 107.49 KB File (candling analysis of egg development in an endangered bird species crested ibis (nipponia nippon)_sup.docx) Download 10.84 MB File (candling_analysis_of_egg_development_in_an_endangered_bird_species_crested_ibis_(nipponia_nippon)_title_page.docx) Download 14.57 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 09 January 2026 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords description ecosystem none of the above terrestrial vertebrate Authors Affiliations Yuansi He 0009-0004-8793-7345 Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences View all articles by this author Xuebo Xi Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences View all articles by this author Siyi Zeng Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences View all articles by this author Hua Huang Administration Bureau of Dongzhai National Nature Reserve View all articles by this author Xiangjiang Zhan 0000-0002-4517-1626 Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences View all articles by this author Daiping Wang 0000-0002-9045-051X [email protected] Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 134 views 100 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Yuansi He, Xuebo Xi, Siyi Zeng, et al. \articletype Original Articles Candling analysis of egg development in an endangered bird species Crested ibis ( Nipponia nippon ). Authorea . 09 January 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176796227.76046687/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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