Development and In Vitro - In Vivo Evaluation of Composite Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles Containing Diclofenac Sodium with Box-Behnken Design Using SLA 3D-Printed Microneedle Molds

Development and In Vitro - In Vivo Evaluation of Composite Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles Containing Diclofenac Sodium with Box-Behnken Design Using SLA 3D-Printed Microneedle Molds | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Development and In Vitro - In Vivo Evaluation of Composite Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles Containing Diclofenac Sodium with Box-Behnken Design Using SLA 3D-Printed Microneedle Molds Emre Tunçel, Serdar Tort, Sevtap Han, Çiğdem Yücel, Figen Tırnaksız This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4483136/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Drug Delivery and Translational Research → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract With developing manufacturing technologies, the use of 3D printers in microneedle production is becoming widespread. In recent years, microneedles have gained considerable popularity as dermal drug delivery systems. Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFMs), a variant of microneedles, demonstrate distinctive features such as a high loading capacity, controlled drug release, and enhanced drug absorption. In this study, the molds, created using a Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer, were utilized to create composite HFMs containing diclofenac sodium. Using an experimental design approach (Box–Behnken Design), the effects of different polymers on the in vitro performance of the developed HFMs, as well as the impact of polymer mixtures on microneedle formation were investigated. The skin penetration and drug release properties of the proposed formulations were assessed. Ex vivo studies were conducted on formulations to determine drug penetration and accumulation in tissue, and the MTT testing revealed non-cytotoxicity. Subsequently, in in vivo studies, the efficacy of the optimal formulation was assessed for the treatment of xylene-induced ear edema by contrasting it to the conventional dosage form. As a result, it was observed that HFMs could provide high amounts of drug accumulation in the skin tissue. Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles SLA 3D Printing Box-Behnken Design Diclofenac Sodium Dermal Drug Delivery Xylene-Induced Ear Edema Full Text Supplementary Files GraphicalAbstract.jpg ESM1.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Drug Delivery and Translational Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major Revisions Needed 25 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 28 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 27 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4483136","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":314831560,"identity":"c5f4e0e7-097b-4e3a-a1d9-c313c4de4163","order_by":0,"name":"Emre Tunçel","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFADduYDQFICiBOIUA1Sy8DMloDQcoA4LTwGUC4BLfxiZx8+/th2R56fmefzix9/LBj42XMMmD/uwa1Fcna6scHBtmeGM5t5t1n28EgwSPa8MWA48Ay3FoPbaWwSB9sOJxgc5t1mwCMhwWBwIweoBY/L7G+nsf8AabE/zPPM8I+BBIM9IS0G0mlsDGBbmHmYH/MkAG2RIKBF4nYas8SZc4cNZxxmM2OWOSDBI3HmWcGBM3i08M9OY/xQUXZYnr+9+fHHN3/q5Pjbkzc+qMCjBRmwgeKRB8QiUgMwMj8Qq3IUjIJRMApGFgAAlKBRcg3sqhkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-5495","institution":"Gazi Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Emre","middleName":"","lastName":"Tunçel","suffix":""},{"id":314831561,"identity":"56ca220b-4f5e-40da-9b40-3fbd16c672c6","order_by":1,"name":"Serdar Tort","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gazi Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Serdar","middleName":"","lastName":"Tort","suffix":""},{"id":314831562,"identity":"53235cee-19c9-4600-bd5f-b59b5be7b008","order_by":2,"name":"Sevtap Han","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gazi Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sevtap","middleName":"","lastName":"Han","suffix":""},{"id":314831563,"identity":"da378373-c1ac-41fa-9cb9-a9548dddd838","order_by":3,"name":"Çiğdem Yücel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Erciyes Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Çiğdem","middleName":"","lastName":"Yücel","suffix":""},{"id":314831564,"identity":"11c598a1-4c04-420e-bac2-7bc098d42654","order_by":4,"name":"Figen Tırnaksız","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-653X","institution":"Gazi Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Figen","middleName":"","lastName":"Tırnaksız","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-27 07:40:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4483136/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4483136/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-024-01728-1","type":"published","date":"2024-10-25T15:57:49+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":67681913,"identity":"771c3989-77e9-4393-bc2b-a9cd59158e5e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-28 16:11:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2340497,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4483136/v1_covered_36fd83c8-4efe-421f-99b5-3ded12c7a68c.pdf"},{"id":59494291,"identity":"95b8510b-8240-4a32-b679-a50f79f13a5a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-02 12:46:01","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":853776,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GraphicalAbstract.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4483136/v1/3e05bd9aab40c312c1fdb9a7.jpg"},{"id":59494292,"identity":"38dfbddd-8c6a-42d1-a1bc-0ce352ddcf3a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-02 12:46:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":824383,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ESM1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4483136/v1/891ee2d3de63c85eb8898387.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Development and In Vitro - 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