Efficiency of the prescriptive recommendations of the Iranian NBC-8 code for RC tie elements in confined masonry buildings

Efficiency of the prescriptive recommendations of the Iranian NBC-8 code for RC tie elements in confined masonry buildings | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Efficiency of the prescriptive recommendations of the Iranian NBC-8 code for RC tie elements in confined masonry buildings Mahmoud Reza Maheri, Ailin Moslemi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7794212/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The Iranian national building code on masonry construction (NBC-8) provides fully prescriptive guidelines for design and construction of low-rise confined masonry (CM) buildings. These guidelines are too general, covering one to three storey buildings and all the seismic demand scenarios of the Iranian seismic code (Standard 2800). The guidelines are either adaptations from other codes, or based on observations made on the CM building performances in the past earthquakes. However, there has been no detailed scientific research aimed at verifying the efficiency and adequacy of these guidelines. In this study, the efficiency of some of the most important guidelines, regarding the RC tie system’s prescriptive detailing, strength of masonry walls and size and location of openings have been critically investigated. For this purpose, a number of most vulnerable (critical) plan layout and wall configuration scenarios for buildings of up to three storeys high, which are allowed by the NBC-8 code, have been identified and their base shear capacities have been evaluated numerically using the nonlinear pushover analysis method. The base shear capacities of the critical walls are then compared with a large number of seismic base shear demand scenarios of the Iranian seismic code (Standard 2800) for these walls. It is found that the general guidelines of the latest revision of the NBC-8 code (2019) on the RC tie detailing are too stringent for the single-storey CM buildings, unnecessarily increasing their construction cost. It is also noted that, for the two and three storey buildings, the NBC-8 recommended minimum compressive strength for masonry ( f′ m = 2MPa) is too low for the masonry walls and piers to resist any of the seismic shear demand scenarios and that for these buildings it should be increased to at least 4MPa. Based on the results presented, separate detailing are recommended for the single-storey, two storey and three storey buildings situated in different seismic zones and subjected to different seismic demand scenarios. Confined masonry building Confined masonry Iranian masonry code NBC-8 RC tie elements Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major Revisions Needed 08 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 08 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 07 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7794212","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":526959391,"identity":"be8a6ecf-4763-4916-8725-b472a8d45725","order_by":0,"name":"Mahmoud Reza 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buildings","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bulletin-of-earthquake-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"beee","sideBox":"Learn more about [Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/10518)","snPcode":"10518","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10518/3","title":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Confined masonry building; Confined masonry, Iranian masonry code, NBC-8, RC tie elements","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7794212/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7794212/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe Iranian national building code on masonry construction (NBC-8) provides fully prescriptive guidelines for design and construction of low-rise confined masonry (CM) buildings. These guidelines are too general, covering one to three storey buildings and all the seismic demand scenarios of the Iranian seismic code (Standard 2800). The guidelines are either adaptations from other codes, or based on observations made on the CM building performances in the past earthquakes. However, there has been no detailed scientific research aimed at verifying the efficiency and adequacy of these guidelines. In this study, the efficiency of some of the most important guidelines, regarding the RC tie system\u0026rsquo;s prescriptive detailing, strength of masonry walls and size and location of openings have been critically investigated. For this purpose, a number of most vulnerable (critical) plan layout and wall configuration scenarios for buildings of up to three storeys high, which are allowed by the NBC-8 code, have been identified and their base shear capacities have been evaluated numerically using the nonlinear pushover analysis method. The base shear capacities of the critical walls are then compared with a large number of seismic base shear demand scenarios of the Iranian seismic code (Standard 2800) for these walls. It is found that the general guidelines of the latest revision of the NBC-8 code (2019) on the RC tie detailing are too stringent for the single-storey CM buildings, unnecessarily increasing their construction cost. It is also noted that, for the two and three storey buildings, the NBC-8 recommended minimum compressive strength for masonry (\u003cem\u003ef\u0026prime;\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003em\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e = 2MPa) is too low for the masonry walls and piers to resist any of the seismic shear demand scenarios and that for these buildings it should be increased to at least 4MPa. Based on the results presented, separate detailing are recommended for the single-storey, two storey and three storey buildings situated in different seismic zones and subjected to different seismic demand scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Efficiency of the prescriptive recommendations of the Iranian NBC-8 code for RC tie elements in confined masonry buildings","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-22 06:13:38","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7794212/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major Revisions Needed","date":"2025-12-08T17:18:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-10-09T09:04:23+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-09T08:18:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-08T09:23:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","date":"2025-10-07T15:22:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bulletin-of-earthquake-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"beee","sideBox":"Learn more about [Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/10518)","snPcode":"10518","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10518/3","title":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a031cd1c-07f2-4a97-8690-e9813e67df38","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-01T19:15:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-22 06:13:38","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7794212","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7794212","identity":"rs-7794212","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}