Individualized Corrective Training Based on Precision Biomechanical Assessment for the Prevention of Sports Injuries in Adolescents

Individualized Corrective Training Based on Precision Biomechanical Assessment for the Prevention of Sports Injuries in Adolescents | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Individualized Corrective Training Based on Precision Biomechanical Assessment for the Prevention of Sports Injuries in Adolescents Tang Liang, Li Xiaohui, Yang Xiaoyu, Lang Tianze, Zeng Fangfang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8426574/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the application value of precision biomechanical assessment and individualized corrective exercise prescriptions in preventing sports injuries among adolescents. Methods Collegiate athletes participating in three prevalent sports—soccer, jump rope, and aerobics—were enrolled. An intelligent motion capture system, plantar pressure and gait analysis, and a digital joint ligament examination device were utilized to evaluate participants biomechanical risk factors. Based on the identified deficits, personalized exercise prescriptions were formulated to target specific functional limitations. Results The functional dimension assessment revealed the most significant improvement in landing technique. Enhancements were also observed in explosive power and squat depth. Additionally, improvements were noted in trunk mobility, core strength, spinal symmetry, and lower limb symmetry. Post-intervention pain scores significantly decreased. Conclusion This study confirms the beneficial role of individualized corrective exercise prescriptions derived from precision biomechanical assessment in enhancing athletic capacity, alleviating pain, improving sports performance, and injury prevention. The findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for establishing a scientific sports injury prevention framework for adolescents. Health sciences/Health care Health sciences/Health occupations Health sciences/Medical research biomechanics corrective training sports injury prevention adolescent athletes precision assessment Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction Precision biomechanics is a discipline that employs advanced measurement technologies and analytical methods to quantitatively assess an individual’s mechanical characteristics and functional impairments during movement, thereby providing objective evidence for the prevention, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of sports injuries [ 1 ] . Through multi-dimensional parameter acquisition and intelligent algorithm analysis, it reveals unique mechanical signatures exhibited by different individuals performing identical motor tasks. This approach typically integrates multimodal data, including kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography. When combined with artificial intelligence to develop predictive models, it enhances evaluation accuracy and provides a more precise quantitative basis for personalized training [ 2 ] . Individualized corrective exercise prescriptions refer to systematic training protocols developed based on precision biomechanical assessment results, targeting specific movement deficiencies, muscle imbalances, or joint dysfunctions. Their theoretical foundation lies in the closed-loop model of "assessment–intervention–reassessment." These prescriptions emphasize reducing sports injury risks by correcting faulty movement patterns, improving neuromuscular control, and optimizing force transmission efficiency [ 3 ] . Compared to conventional exercise prescriptions, individualized corrective programs are characterized by: Targetedness: directly addressing specific deficiencies identified through assessment; Dynamicity: enabling real-time adjustment of training parameters based on intervention feedback; and Integrative nature: typically incorporating multidimensional interventions, including flexibility training, stability exercises, neuromuscular control, and plyometrics. Current research on implementing such precision-based individualized corrective prescriptions for injury prevention among collegiate athletes in widely practiced sports such as soccer, jump rope, and aerobics remains limited. This paper presents a preliminary investigation in this field. The integration of precision biomechanics and individualized corrective training for youth sports injury prevention embodies the advanced concept of "sports-medicine integration." Multiple studies have demonstrated that biomechanically informed, categorized interventions are more effective than standardized protocols in improving joint function and reducing injury incidence. Results Questionnaire Survey The questionnaire consisted of two main sections: 1) Basic Information (gender, age, height, weight, primary sport, years of training, frequency/location/intensity of training-related pain, and impact on daily activities); and 2) Post-Corrective Training Changes (alterations in pain frequency and severity, fatigue recovery time, and perceived improvements in key performance indicators). A total of 45 questionnaires were distributed, with 37 valid responses collected (valid response rate: 82.2%). The majority of respondents were female (86.5%) and aged 18–20 years (78.4%). See Table 1 for details. Table 1. Participant Demographics Variables Category Number of Participants （ n ） Percentage （ % ） Gender man 5 13.5 woman 32 86.5 Age（years） 18-20 29 78.4 21-25 8 21.6 Analysis of Pain Levels Changes in pain levels before and after corrective training were analyzed for the 37 specialized athletes. The proportion of individuals experiencing mild to moderate pain was the highest. A significant reduction in overall pain levels was observed post-training (t=6.892, p<0.001). The reduction was statistically significant for mild, moderate, and severe pain categories (all p<0.05), indicating a beneficial effect of corrective training on pain alleviation (Figure 1&Tables 2 ). Table 2. Analysis of Pain Level Changes Pre- and Post-Training. Pain Level (NRS Score) Sample Size (n) Pre-Training Mean (SD) Post-Training Mean (SD) Absolute Change p-value Mild (1-3) 16 2.31±0.62 1.25±0.86 -1.06±0.74 0.002 Moderate (4-6) 18 4.83±0.79 2.78±1.31 -2.05±1.12 < 0.001 SeverePain (7-10) 3 8.00±0.00 5.00±1.73 -3.00±1.73 0.038 Distribution of Injury Sites The ankle joint was the most frequently injured site (43.2%), followed by the knee joint (32.4%) and lumbar region (24.3%). Single-site injuries accounted for 48.6% of cases, two-site injuries for 32.4%, and injuries at three or more sites for 18.9%. The lower extremities were the predominant region for injuries (Table 3). Table 3. Frequency and Distribution of Self-Reported Injury Sites Injury Site Number of Cases (n) Percentage (%) Rank Cumulative Percentage (%) Ankle Joint 16 43.2% 1 43.2% Knee Joint 12 32.4% 2 75.6% Lumbar Region 9 24.3% 3 100.0% Shoulder Joint 7 18.9% 4 118.9% Cervical Region 3 8.1% 5 154.0% Other Sites 10 27.0% - 145.9% Note: Total percentage exceeds 100% as athletes could report multiple injury sites Intelligent Motion Capture System Assessment Overall Assessment Significant improvements were observed in the total scores for functionality, flexibility, and symmetry post-intervention (all p ≤ 0.004), with functional capacity showing the most notable enhancement (Figure 2&Tables 4). Table 4. Overall Assessment Scores Pre- and Post-Training Assessment Category Pre-Training (Mean ± SD) Post-Training (Mean ± SD) Mean Difference t-value p-value Total Functional Score 5.52 ± 2.31 7.94 ± 2.67 +2.42 4.86 0.0001 Total Flexibility Score 12.86 ± 3.21 14.24 ± 3.85 +1.38 3.12 0.004 Total Symmetry Score 11.94 ± 3.21 13.38 ± 3.45 +1.44 3.12 0.004 Functional Dimension Assessment Within the functional assessment, landing technique exhibited the most significant improvement (+1.04 points, p=0.0002). Statistically significant enhancements were also observed in explosive power (p=0.002) and squat depth (p=0.004) (Table 5). Table 5. Functional Dimension Assessment Scores Functional Items Pre-Training (Mean ± SD) Post-Training (Mean ± SD) Mean Difference t-valu p-value Explosive Power 2.07 ± 0.52 2.59 ± 0.83 +0.52 3.42 0.002 Landing Technique 1.24 ± 1.32 2.28 ± 1.75 +1.04 4.28 0.0002 Squat Depth 2.21 ± 1.65 3.07 ± 1.98 +0.86 3.12 0.004 Total Functional Score 5.52 ± 2.31 7.94 ± 2.67 +2.42 4.86 0.0001 Flexibility Assessment Significant post-training improvements were noted in trunk mobility (p=0.001) and core strength (p=0.007). No significant changes were observed in muscle strength balance or body agility (Table 6). Table 6. Flexibility Assessment Scores Flexibility Items Pre-Training (Mean ± SD) Post-Training (Mean ± SD) Mean Difference t-value p-value Trunk Control Ability 3.93 ± 1.12 4.21 ± 1.34 +0.28 2.15 0.040 Trunk Mobility 1.38 ± 1.21 2.24 ± 1.48 +0.86 3.87 0.001 Muscle Strength Balance 4.07 ± 0.94 3.93 ± 1.12 -0.14 -1.24 0.225 Body Agility 1.28 ± 1.65 1.10 ± 1.82 -0.18 -1.26 0.218 Core Strength 2.21 ± 1.54 2.76 ± 1.67 +0.55 2.89 0.007 Total Flexibility Score 12.86 ± 3.21 14.24 ± 3.85 +1.38 3.12 0.004 Symmetry Assessment Significant improvements were observed in spinal symmetry (p=0.001) and lower limb symmetry (p=0.007). No significant changes were detected in left-right movement symmetry or upper limb symmetry (Table 7). Table 7. Symmetry Assessment Scores Symmetry Items Pre-Training (Mean ± SD) Post-Training (Mean ± SD) Mean Difference t-value p-value Left-Right Movement Symmetry 3.45 ± 0.87 3.52 ± 0.76 +0.07 0.68 0.502 Spinal Symmetry 2.38 ± 1.45 3.24 ± 1.52 +0.86 3.87 0.001 Upper Limb Symmetry 2.97 ± 1.23 3.03 ± 1.34 +0.06 0.42 0.678 Lower Limb Symmetry 3.14 ± 1.18 3.59 ± 1.22 +0.45 2.89 0.007 Total Symmetry Score 11.94 ± 3.21 13.38 ± 3.45 +1.44 3.12 0.004 Supplementary Biomechanical Analyses Results from plantar pressure/gait analysis and digital joint ligament examination are provided in the Supplementary Materials. Key findings from the supplementary analysis include a significant increase in left step velocity (p=0.003) and a significant reduction in left foot progression angle (p=0.047) post-training. No significant changes were observed in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) displacement measurements or bilateral asymmetry indices for the assessed parameters. The relevant raw data for this study can be found in the Compressed Files of Raw Data Files. Discussion The present study found that over 90% of participants reported training-related pain, with a combination of single-site and multi-site injury patterns. Lower extremity injuries were predominant, with ankle and knee joints collectively accounting for 75.6% of reported cases. The average pre-training pain score was 3.8 (NRS), within the mild-to-moderate range, and showed no significant association with gender, sport, or training experience. Following the individualized corrective training intervention, most participants reported reduced pain frequency. The average pain intensity decreased significantly from 3.8 to 2.05 (p < 0.001). Participants also reported shorter fatigue recovery times and perceived improvements in performance metrics. These findings align with existing literature suggesting that properly implemented corrective training can effectively alleviate pain, accelerate recovery, and positively impact athletic performance [ 4 ] . The significant improvement in overall assessment scores (p < 0.001) indicates that the comprehensive corrective program effectively enhanced general athletic capacity. Functional improvements were particularly notable, with landing technique showing the most pronounced enhancement. This is crucial as proper landing mechanics are a key modifiable factor in preventing lower extremity injuries, particularly in jumping sports [ 5 ] . Improvements in explosive power and squat depth further suggest that targeted functional training positively contributes to lower limb strength development in adolescent athletes. However, the variability in squat depth performance highlights persistent muscular strength imbalances, which are known risk factors for injury and performance deficits [ 6 ] . Regarding motor control, improvements in trunk mobility and core strength, without a concurrent change in general body agility, suggest that the intervention primarily optimized movement patterns through enhanced neuromuscular coordination and muscle recruitment timing rather than altering intrinsic flexibility. This improved motor control likely allowed participants to perform functional tasks more efficiently and safely [ 7 ] . The significant gains in spinal and lower limb symmetry are encouraging, as asymmetry is often linked to increased injury risk [ 8 ] . The lack of improvement in left-right movement and upper limb symmetry suggests that future prescriptions should incorporate more bilateral symmetrical loading exercises and integrated coordination drills to promote balanced kinetic chain development [ 9 ] . The biomechanical gait analysis revealed a significant increase in left step velocity and a more neutral left foot progression angle post-training. This likely resulted from improved core stability providing a more stable base for distal segment control and optimized force transmission along the kinetic chain [ 10 ][ 11 ] . The reduction in foot progression angle indicates improved lower limb alignment, which can reduce compensatory joint stress and improve movement economy [ 12 ] . Notably, the intervention did not induce significant changes in ACL displacement parameters as measured by the digital ligament examination device. This is unsurprising, as ligaments are passive connective tissues whose mechanical properties are not typically enhanced by short-term exercise interventions in healthy populations. Reducing ACL injury risk primarily requires permanent modifications in high-risk movement patterns [ 13 ] , which may require longer or more specific intervention periods than implemented in this study. Conclusion This study demonstrates that individualized corrective exercise prescriptions, derived from precision biomechanical assessment, offer significant benefits in alleviating pain, enhancing key athletic performance metrics (particularly landing technique, explosive power, and movement symmetry), and improving perceived function among adolescent athletes. The findings support the value of a targeted, assessment-driven approach within a "sports-medicine integration" framework for injury prevention. Future research should employ longer intervention periods, more frequent dynamic monitoring, and include sport-specific injury incidence data to further validate and refine this model. Materials and Methods Participants University student athletes participating in structured soccer, jump rope, and aerobics training programs at a specific institution were recruited as study participants. All participants had no history of severe injuries to the upper limbs, lower limbs, or spine. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the study. Assessment Methods A comprehensive biomechanical assessment was conducted using an intelligent motion capture system, plantar pressure and gait analysis equipment, and a digital joint ligament examination device. The intelligent motion capture system was used to analyze flexibility, stability, and symmetry issues based on the fundamental principles of functional movement screening. Plantar pressure and gait analysis equipment evaluated participants' balance function and walking patterns. The digital joint ligament examination device assessed joint ligament stiffness. Based on the integrated evaluation results, sport-specific corrective training programs were designed. Individualized exercise prescriptions were formulated according to each athlete's assessment profile. Statistical Analysis All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Paired-sample t-tests were applied to compare pre- and post-intervention scores for each movement variable. The initial target sample size was 45. However, due to scheduling conflicts with academic courses, not all participants completed every assessment item. All corrective prescriptions were individually tailored. Although participant numbers varied slightly across different assessment items, all analyses were conducted on a within-subject basis, comparing the same individuals before and after receiving the corrective training intervention. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethical approval and consent to participate This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national guidelines, including the Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans (2023) and the Good Clinical Practice for Drug Clinical Trials (2003) issued by the Chinese regulatory authorities. All methods were carried out in accordance with these relevant guidelines and regulations. All experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of the 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force (Approval No. 989LLHY2025-0103) prior to the commencement of the study. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s). The study was performed in compliance with the approved clinical research protocol, informed consent form, and recruitment materials. Declarations Funding The research was funded by the Key Research and Promotion Special Fund of Henan Province (232102310267) Author Contribution The specific contributions of each author in this study are as follows: Tang Liang was responsible for the research design and experimental execution; Li Xiaohui, Yang Xiaoyu, Lang Tianze, Zeng Fangfang, Hu Yinhua and Jiang Jingjing completed data collection and preliminary analysis, drafted the initial manuscript, and conducted the literature review; Zeng Fangfang was responsible for result validation and chart creation; Chang Qi provided key theoretical and technical guidance and coordinated the project while participating in manuscript revision; Tang Liang and Li Xiaohui finalized the manuscript by integrating the content, conducting proofreading, and managing the submission. All authors jointly participated in the discussion of the research findings and reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Data Availability The relevant raw data for this study can be found in the Compressed Files of RawDataFiles. References Sritharan P ,King G M ,Muñoz A M , et al.Biomechanical features of a novel step-down-and-pivot task in football players with hip/groin pain[J].Royal Society Open Science,2025,12(5):240908-240908. Greenberg M E ,Thomas J S ,Kablan J , et al.Evaluation of the PhySens as a Wrist-Worn Wearable in Pitch Detection and Biomechanical Workload Estimation.[J].Sports health,2025,17(6):19417381251329921. Zhang Z ,Chen L ,Qin Z , et al.Effects of functional correction training on movement patterns and physical fitness in male college students.[J].PeerJ,2024,12e16878-e16878. ]Gomes E F ,Dalazen C E G ,Jaíne M F, et al.Exercise Reduces Pain and Deleterious Histological Effects in Fibromyalgia-like Model[J].Neuroscience,2021,46546-59. Huang P ,Xu W ,Bai Z , et al.An observational study of lower limb muscle imbalance assessment and gait analysis of badminton players[J].Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,2024,121439889-1439889. Bayrak A .Exploring injury profiles in professional football: evidence from a five-year study and the role of the functional movement screen[J].BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation,2025,17(1):217-217 Kyeongjin L .The Relationship of Trunk Muscle Activation and Core Stability: A Biomechanical Analysis of Pilates-Based Stabilization Exercise[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2021,18(23):12804-12804. Kipp Kristof,Krzyszkowski John,Heeneman Jordi,Hip moment and knee power eccentric utilisation ratios determine lower-extremity stretch-shortening cycle performance.[J] .Sports Biomech, 2021, 20: 532-542. Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Med. 2006;36(3):189-98. Marion C ,Félix D ,Aurélie S , et al.External rotation of the foot position during plantarflexion increases non-uniform motions of the Achilles tendon[J].Journal of Biomechanics,2022,141111232-111232 Kwag Y ,Park D .Effects of foot intrinsic muscle dynamic stretching on balance, gait parameters, and dynamic gait index in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled study (CONSORT).[J].Medicine,2025,104(8):e41507 Safoura, Heshmati., Kourosh, Ghahraman Tabrizi., Abdolhamid, Daneshjoo., Elham, Hosseini., Saeid, Bahiraei., Mansour, Sahebozamani., Andreas, Konrad., David George, Behm.(2025). Effects of Asymmetric and Symmetric Sport Load on Upper and Lower Extremity Strength and Balance: A Comparison Between the Dominant and Non-Dominant Side in Adolescent Female Athletes. Sports (Basel), 13(3). Wallace A, Silva., Claudio Andre B, de Lira., Rodrigo L, Vancini., Marilia S, Andrade.(2018). Hip muscular strength balance is associated with running economy in recreationally-trained endurance runners. PeerJ, 6(0), e5219. Anja, Šuc., Pija, Šarko., Jernej, Pleša., Žiga, Kozinc.(2022). Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review. Sports (Basel), 10(7). Francesco, Campa,Federico, Spiga,Stefania, Toselli,The Effect of a 20-Week Corrective Exercise Program on Functional Movement Patterns in Youth Elite Male Soccer Players.[J] .J Sport Rehabil, 2018, 28: 746-751. Sanaz, Rahimi,Ali Asghar, Norasteh,Mohamad, Mottaghitalab,The effect of pilates training on knee functional tests in youth female volleyball player.[J] .BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2025, 17: 206. Karolína, Matov,Michal, Bozděch,Marta, Gimunová et al. The influence of altered lower-limb muscle strength on dynamic plantar pressure distribution in participants who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.[J] .Front Sports Act Living, 2025, 7: 1569129. Sanaz, Rahimi,Ali Asghar, Norasteh,Mohamad, Mottaghitalab,The effect of pilates training on knee functional tests in youth female volleyball player.[J] .BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2025, 17: 206. Ali Shamsi, Majelan,Omid, Shahani,Mohammad Amin Safaei, Ghaleh Zo et al. A comparative analysis of the effects of proprioception and virtual reality exercises on postural balance in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.[J] .BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2025, 26: 550. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterialsV2.docx rawdata.zip Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. 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The expansion of the polygon area reflects overall improvement in physical capacity, while the more regular geometric profile indicates enhanced developmental balance across fitness components. Notable gains are observed in lower limb symmetry and trunk control, visually corroborating the efficacy of the targeted corrective training protocol.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8426574/v1/d0a456a9cfc31a09b232aadd.png"},{"id":105703020,"identity":"b715af8e-2e98-4971-a7ed-6f1b5cae5a33","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-30 06:28:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1115976,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8426574/v1/2f2180e4-9894-489f-8c80-cb2a7ff689a4.pdf"},{"id":101752675,"identity":"704f9a8b-309e-4801-8e7d-808083ad5035","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-03 10:28:47","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":22034,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryMaterialsV2.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8426574/v1/9e35a6a18f3b146fea2bfeb7.docx"},{"id":101631162,"identity":"bbe45c09-c3b7-4746-9ff6-a19a698627c2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-02 05:29:14","extension":"zip","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":149699449,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rawdata.zip","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8426574/v1/47994dd980d31f58c7c70b38.zip"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Individualized Corrective Training Based on Precision Biomechanical Assessment for the Prevention of Sports Injuries in Adolescents","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003ePrecision biomechanics is a discipline that employs advanced measurement technologies and analytical methods to quantitatively assess an individual\u0026rsquo;s mechanical characteristics and functional impairments during movement, thereby providing objective evidence for the prevention, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of sports injuries \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Through multi-dimensional parameter acquisition and intelligent algorithm analysis, it reveals unique mechanical signatures exhibited by different individuals performing identical motor tasks. This approach typically integrates multimodal data, including kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography. When combined with artificial intelligence to develop predictive models, it enhances evaluation accuracy and provides a more precise quantitative basis for personalized training\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividualized corrective exercise prescriptions refer to systematic training protocols developed based on precision biomechanical assessment results, targeting specific movement deficiencies, muscle imbalances, or joint dysfunctions. Their theoretical foundation lies in the closed-loop model of \"assessment\u0026ndash;intervention\u0026ndash;reassessment.\" These prescriptions emphasize reducing sports injury risks by correcting faulty movement patterns, improving neuromuscular control, and optimizing force transmission efficiency \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Compared to conventional exercise prescriptions, individualized corrective programs are characterized by: Targetedness: directly addressing specific deficiencies identified through assessment; Dynamicity: enabling real-time adjustment of training parameters based on intervention feedback; and Integrative nature: typically incorporating multidimensional interventions, including flexibility training, stability exercises, neuromuscular control, and plyometrics.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent research on implementing such precision-based individualized corrective prescriptions for injury prevention among collegiate athletes in widely practiced sports such as soccer, jump rope, and aerobics remains limited. This paper presents a preliminary investigation in this field. The integration of precision biomechanics and individualized corrective training for youth sports injury prevention embodies the advanced concept of \"sports-medicine integration.\" Multiple studies have demonstrated that biomechanically informed, categorized interventions are more effective than standardized protocols in improving joint function and reducing injury incidence.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuestionnaire Survey\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire consisted of two main sections: 1) Basic Information (gender, age, height, weight, primary sport, years of training, frequency/location/intensity of training-related pain, and impact on daily activities); and 2) Post-Corrective Training Changes (alterations in pain frequency and severity, fatigue recovery time, and perceived improvements in key performance indicators). A total of 45 questionnaires were distributed, with 37 valid responses collected (valid response rate: 82.2%). The majority of respondents were female (86.5%) and aged 18\u0026ndash;20 years (78.4%). See Table 1 for details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Participant Demographics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"561\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategory\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Participants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eman\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewoman\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge（years）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21-25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalysis of Pain Levels\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChanges in pain levels before and after corrective training were analyzed for the 37 specialized athletes. The proportion of individuals experiencing mild to moderate pain was the highest. A significant reduction in overall pain levels was observed post-training (t=6.892, p\u0026lt;0.001). The reduction was statistically significant for mild, moderate, and severe pain categories (all p\u0026lt;0.05), indicating a beneficial effect of corrective training on pain alleviation (Figure 1\u0026amp;Tables 2 ).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Analysis of Pain Level Changes Pre- and Post-Training.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"583\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 109px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePain Level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(NRS Score)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample Size (n)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre-Training Mean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost-Training Mean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsolute\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChange\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 109px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMild (1-3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.31\u0026plusmn;0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.25\u0026plusmn;0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.06\u0026plusmn;0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 109px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4-6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.83\u0026plusmn;0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.78\u0026plusmn;1.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.05\u0026plusmn;1.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 109px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeverePain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7-10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.00\u0026plusmn;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00\u0026plusmn;1.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.00\u0026plusmn;1.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistribution of Injury Sites\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ankle joint was the most frequently injured site (43.2%), followed by the knee joint (32.4%) and lumbar region (24.3%). Single-site injuries accounted for 48.6% of cases, two-site injuries for 32.4%, and injuries at three or more sites for 18.9%. The lower extremities were the predominant region for injuries (Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Frequency and Distribution of Self-Reported Injury Sites\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"572\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInjury Site\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Cases (n)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRank\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCumulative Percentage (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnkle Joint\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee Joint\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLumbar Region\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder Joint\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCervical Region\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Sites\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Total percentage exceeds 100% as athletes could report multiple injury sites\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntelligent Motion Capture System Assessment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverall Assessment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSignificant improvements were observed in the total scores for functionality, flexibility, and symmetry post-intervention (all p \u0026le; 0.004), with functional capacity showing the most notable enhancement (Figure 2\u0026amp;Tables 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Overall Assessment Scores Pre- and Post-Training\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"569\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssessment Category\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Pre-Training (Mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Post-Training (Mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean Difference\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003et-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal Functional Score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.52 \u0026plusmn; 2.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.94 \u0026plusmn; 2.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+2.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal Flexibility Score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.86 \u0026plusmn; 3.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.24 \u0026plusmn; 3.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal Symmetry Score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.94 \u0026plusmn; 3.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.38 \u0026plusmn; 3.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+1.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunctional Dimension Assessment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin the functional assessment, landing technique exhibited the most significant improvement (+1.04 points, p=0.0002). Statistically significant enhancements were also observed in explosive power (p=0.002) and squat depth (p=0.004) (Table 5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5. Functional Dimension Assessment Scores\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunctional Items\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Pre-Training (Mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Post-Training (Mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean Difference\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003et-valu\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExplosive Power\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.07 \u0026plusmn; 0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.59 \u0026plusmn; 0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLanding Technique\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.24 \u0026plusmn; 1.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.28 \u0026plusmn; 1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+1.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSquat Depth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.21 \u0026plusmn; 1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.07 \u0026plusmn; 1.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal Functional Score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.52 \u0026plusmn; 2.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.94 \u0026plusmn; 2.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+2.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlexibility Assessment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSignificant post-training improvements were noted in trunk mobility (p=0.001) and core strength (p=0.007). No significant changes were observed in muscle strength balance or body agility (Table 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 6. Flexibility Assessment Scores\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlexibility Items\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Pre-Training\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;(Mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Post-Training (Mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean Difference\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003et-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrunk Control Ability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.93 \u0026plusmn; 1.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.21 \u0026plusmn; 1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.040\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrunk Mobility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.38 \u0026plusmn; 1.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.24 \u0026plusmn; 1.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuscle Strength Balance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.07 \u0026plusmn; 0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.93 \u0026plusmn; 1.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBody Agility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.28 \u0026plusmn; 1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.10 \u0026plusmn; 1.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.218\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCore Strength\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.21 \u0026plusmn; 1.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.76 \u0026plusmn; 1.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal Flexibility Score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.86 \u0026plusmn; 3.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.24 \u0026plusmn; 3.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSymmetry Assessment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSignificant improvements were observed in spinal symmetry (p=0.001) and lower limb symmetry (p=0.007). No significant changes were detected in left-right movement symmetry or upper limb symmetry (Table 7).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 7. Symmetry Assessment Scores\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"551\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSymmetry Items\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Pre-Training\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;(Mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Post-Training\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean Difference\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003et-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeft-Right Movement Symmetry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.45 \u0026plusmn; 0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.52 \u0026plusmn; 0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.502\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpinal Symmetry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.38 \u0026plusmn; 1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.24 \u0026plusmn; 1.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper Limb Symmetry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.97 \u0026plusmn; 1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.03 \u0026plusmn; 1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.678\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower Limb Symmetry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.14 \u0026plusmn; 1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.59 \u0026plusmn; 1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal Symmetry Score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.94 \u0026plusmn; 3.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.38 \u0026plusmn; 3.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+1.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Biomechanical Analyses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults from plantar pressure/gait analysis and digital joint ligament examination are provided in the Supplementary Materials. Key findings from the supplementary analysis include a significant increase in left step velocity (p=0.003) and a significant reduction in left foot progression angle (p=0.047) post-training. No significant changes were observed in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) displacement measurements or bilateral asymmetry indices for the assessed parameters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe relevant raw data for this study can be found in the Compressed Files of Raw Data Files.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study found that over 90% of participants reported training-related pain, with a combination of single-site and multi-site injury patterns. Lower extremity injuries were predominant, with ankle and knee joints collectively accounting for 75.6% of reported cases. The average pre-training pain score was 3.8 (NRS), within the mild-to-moderate range, and showed no significant association with gender, sport, or training experience.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollowing the individualized corrective training intervention, most participants reported reduced pain frequency. The average pain intensity decreased significantly from 3.8 to 2.05 (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Participants also reported shorter fatigue recovery times and perceived improvements in performance metrics. These findings align with existing literature suggesting that properly implemented corrective training can effectively alleviate pain, accelerate recovery, and positively impact athletic performance \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe significant improvement in overall assessment scores (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) indicates that the comprehensive corrective program effectively enhanced general athletic capacity. Functional improvements were particularly notable, with landing technique showing the most pronounced enhancement. This is crucial as proper landing mechanics are a key modifiable factor in preventing lower extremity injuries, particularly in jumping sports \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Improvements in explosive power and squat depth further suggest that targeted functional training positively contributes to lower limb strength development in adolescent athletes. However, the variability in squat depth performance highlights persistent muscular strength imbalances, which are known risk factors for injury and performance deficits \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding motor control, improvements in trunk mobility and core strength, without a concurrent change in general body agility, suggest that the intervention primarily optimized movement patterns through enhanced neuromuscular coordination and muscle recruitment timing rather than altering intrinsic flexibility. This improved motor control likely allowed participants to perform functional tasks more efficiently and safely\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The significant gains in spinal and lower limb symmetry are encouraging, as asymmetry is often linked to increased injury risk\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The lack of improvement in left-right movement and upper limb symmetry suggests that future prescriptions should incorporate more bilateral symmetrical loading exercises and integrated coordination drills to promote balanced kinetic chain development \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe biomechanical gait analysis revealed a significant increase in left step velocity and a more neutral left foot progression angle post-training. This likely resulted from improved core stability providing a more stable base for distal segment control and optimized force transmission along the kinetic chain \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e][\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The reduction in foot progression angle indicates improved lower limb alignment, which can reduce compensatory joint stress and improve movement economy \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotably, the intervention did not induce significant changes in ACL displacement parameters as measured by the digital ligament examination device. This is unsurprising, as ligaments are passive connective tissues whose mechanical properties are not typically enhanced by short-term exercise interventions in healthy populations. Reducing ACL injury risk primarily requires permanent modifications in high-risk movement patterns \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, which may require longer or more specific intervention periods than implemented in this study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrates that individualized corrective exercise prescriptions, derived from precision biomechanical assessment, offer significant benefits in alleviating pain, enhancing key athletic performance metrics (particularly landing technique, explosive power, and movement symmetry), and improving perceived function among adolescent athletes. The findings support the value of a targeted, assessment-driven approach within a \"sports-medicine integration\" framework for injury prevention. Future research should employ longer intervention periods, more frequent dynamic monitoring, and include sport-specific injury incidence data to further validate and refine this model.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eParticipants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity student athletes participating in structured soccer, jump rope, and aerobics training programs at a specific institution were recruited as study participants. All participants had no history of severe injuries to the upper limbs, lower limbs, or spine. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAssessment Methods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comprehensive biomechanical assessment was conducted using an intelligent motion capture system, plantar pressure and gait analysis equipment, and a digital joint ligament examination device.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe intelligent motion capture system was used to analyze flexibility, stability, and symmetry issues based on the fundamental principles of functional movement screening.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlantar pressure and gait analysis equipment evaluated participants' balance function and walking patterns.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe digital joint ligament examination device assessed joint ligament stiffness.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the integrated evaluation results, sport-specific corrective training programs were designed. Individualized exercise prescriptions were formulated according to each athlete's assessment profile.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Paired-sample t-tests were applied to compare pre- and post-intervention scores for each movement variable. The initial target sample size was 45. However, due to scheduling conflicts with academic courses, not all participants completed every assessment item. All corrective prescriptions were individually tailored. Although participant numbers varied slightly across different assessment items, all analyses were conducted on a within-subject basis, comparing the same individuals before and after receiving the corrective training intervention. A p-value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national guidelines, including the Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans (2023) and the Good Clinical Practice for Drug Clinical Trials (2003) issued by the Chinese regulatory authorities. All methods were carried out in accordance with these relevant guidelines and regulations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of the 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force (Approval No. 989LLHY2025-0103) prior to the commencement of the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eInformed consent\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003ewas obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s). The study was performed in compliance with the approved clinical research protocol, informed consent form, and recruitment materials.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe research was funded by the Key Research and Promotion Special Fund of Henan Province (232102310267)\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe specific contributions of each author in this study are as follows: Tang Liang was responsible for the research design and experimental execution; Li Xiaohui, Yang Xiaoyu, Lang Tianze, Zeng Fangfang, Hu Yinhua and Jiang Jingjing completed data collection and preliminary analysis, drafted the initial manuscript, and conducted the literature review; Zeng Fangfang was responsible for result validation and chart creation; Chang Qi provided key theoretical and technical guidance and coordinated the project while participating in manuscript revision; Tang Liang and Li Xiaohui finalized the manuscript by integrating the content, conducting proofreading, and managing the submission. All authors jointly participated in the discussion of the research findings and reviewed and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe relevant raw data for this study can be found in the Compressed Files of RawDataFiles.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSritharan P ,King G M ,Mu\u0026ntilde;oz A M , et al.Biomechanical features of a novel step-down-and-pivot task in football players with hip/groin pain[J].Royal Society Open Science,2025,12(5):240908-240908.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGreenberg M E ,Thomas J S ,Kablan J , et al.Evaluation of the PhySens as a Wrist-Worn Wearable in Pitch Detection and Biomechanical Workload Estimation.[J].Sports health,2025,17(6):19417381251329921.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhang Z ,Chen L ,Qin Z , et al.Effects of functional correction training on movement patterns and physical fitness in male college students.[J].PeerJ,2024,12e16878-e16878.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e]Gomes E F ,Dalazen C E G ,Ja\u0026iacute;ne M F, et al.Exercise Reduces Pain and Deleterious Histological Effects in Fibromyalgia-like Model[J].Neuroscience,2021,46546-59.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuang P ,Xu W ,Bai Z , et al.An observational study of lower limb muscle imbalance assessment and gait analysis of badminton players[J].Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,2024,121439889-1439889.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBayrak A .Exploring injury profiles in professional football: evidence from a five-year study and the role of the functional movement screen[J].BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation,2025,17(1):217-217\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKyeongjin L .The Relationship of Trunk Muscle Activation and Core Stability: A Biomechanical Analysis of Pilates-Based Stabilization Exercise[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2021,18(23):12804-12804.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKipp Kristof,Krzyszkowski John,Heeneman Jordi,Hip moment and knee power eccentric utilisation ratios determine lower-extremity stretch-shortening cycle performance.[J] .Sports Biomech, 2021, 20: 532-542.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Med. 2006;36(3):189-98. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarion C ,F\u0026eacute;lix D ,Aur\u0026eacute;lie S , et al.External rotation of the foot position during plantarflexion increases non-uniform motions of the Achilles tendon[J].Journal of Biomechanics,2022,141111232-111232\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKwag Y ,Park D .Effects of foot intrinsic muscle dynamic stretching on balance, gait parameters, and dynamic gait index in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled study (CONSORT).[J].Medicine,2025,104(8):e41507\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSafoura, Heshmati., Kourosh, Ghahraman Tabrizi., Abdolhamid, Daneshjoo., Elham, Hosseini., Saeid, Bahiraei., Mansour, Sahebozamani., Andreas, Konrad., David George, Behm.(2025). Effects of Asymmetric and Symmetric Sport Load on Upper and Lower Extremity Strength and Balance: A Comparison Between the Dominant and Non-Dominant Side in Adolescent Female Athletes. Sports (Basel), 13(3).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWallace A, Silva., Claudio Andre B, de Lira., Rodrigo L, Vancini., Marilia S, Andrade.(2018). Hip muscular strength balance is associated with running economy in recreationally-trained endurance runners. PeerJ, 6(0), e5219. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnja, \u0026Scaron;uc., Pija, \u0026Scaron;arko., Jernej, Ple\u0026scaron;a., Žiga, Kozinc.(2022). Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review. Sports (Basel), 10(7).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrancesco, Campa,Federico, Spiga,Stefania, Toselli,The Effect of a 20-Week Corrective Exercise Program on Functional Movement Patterns in Youth Elite Male Soccer Players.[J] .J Sport Rehabil, 2018, 28: 746-751.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSanaz, Rahimi,Ali Asghar, Norasteh,Mohamad, Mottaghitalab,The effect of pilates training on knee functional tests in youth female volleyball player.[J] .BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2025, 17: 206.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKarol\u0026iacute;na, Matov,Michal, Bozděch,Marta, Gimunov\u0026aacute; et al. The influence of altered lower-limb muscle strength on dynamic plantar pressure distribution in participants who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.[J] .Front Sports Act Living, 2025, 7: 1569129.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSanaz, Rahimi,Ali Asghar, Norasteh,Mohamad, Mottaghitalab,The effect of pilates training on knee functional tests in youth female volleyball player.[J] .BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2025, 17: 206.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAli Shamsi, Majelan,Omid, Shahani,Mohammad Amin Safaei, Ghaleh Zo et al. A comparative analysis of the effects of proprioception and virtual reality exercises on postural balance in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.[J] .BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2025, 26: 550.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"biomechanics, corrective training, sports injury prevention, adolescent athletes, precision assessment","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8426574/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8426574/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to investigate the application value of precision biomechanical assessment and individualized corrective exercise prescriptions in preventing sports injuries among adolescents.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollegiate athletes participating in three prevalent sports\u0026mdash;soccer, jump rope, and aerobics\u0026mdash;were enrolled. An intelligent motion capture system, plantar pressure and gait analysis, and a digital joint ligament examination device were utilized to evaluate participants biomechanical risk factors. Based on the identified deficits, personalized exercise prescriptions were formulated to target specific functional limitations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe functional dimension assessment revealed the most significant improvement in landing technique. Enhancements were also observed in explosive power and squat depth. Additionally, improvements were noted in trunk mobility, core strength, spinal symmetry, and lower limb symmetry. Post-intervention pain scores significantly decreased.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study confirms the beneficial role of individualized corrective exercise prescriptions derived from precision biomechanical assessment in enhancing athletic capacity, alleviating pain, improving sports performance, and injury prevention. The findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for establishing a scientific sports injury prevention framework for adolescents.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Individualized Corrective Training Based on Precision Biomechanical Assessment for the Prevention of Sports Injuries in Adolescents","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-02 05:29:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8426574/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b48c4541-d7fc-4d77-aa16-4f471c2c9757","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 2nd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":61907775,"name":"Health sciences/Health care"},{"id":61907776,"name":"Health sciences/Health occupations"},{"id":61907777,"name":"Health sciences/Medical research"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-30T06:26:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-02 05:29:04","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8426574","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8426574","identity":"rs-8426574","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}