A Comparative study between Microwaves and Ultrasound Assisted in-Situ Reduction of Platinum supported γ-Al2O3 using different Organic templates for Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Potential Applications

A Comparative study between Microwaves and Ultrasound Assisted in-Situ Reduction of Platinum supported γ-Al2O3 using different Organic templates for Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Potential Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A Comparative study between Microwaves and Ultrasound Assisted in-Situ Reduction of Platinum supported γ-Al 2 O 3 using different Organic templates for Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Potential Applications Rasha S. Mohamed, Heba M. Gobara, Fikry H. Khalil, Salah A. Hassan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8558832/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this study, mesoporous alumina was synthesized and modified with two different surfactants: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, and pluronic P123, a non-ionic surfactant, using the sol-gel method. The synthesis involved the co-assembly of aluminum precursors with the surfactants, followed by calcination to remove the templates, resulting in a porous alumina structure that serves as a support. Platinum (Pt) was then loaded onto the surfactant-modified alumina support (CTAB) at a concentration of 0.9 wt. % using microwave-assisted solution (MAS) and ultrasonic techniques. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to assess their textural properties, thermal stability, and morphology. The catalytic activity of the Pt-loaded alumina catalysts was evaluated for n-hexane dehydrocyclization, cyclohexane dehydrogenation, and ethanol dehydration. Both the ultrasonic technique and microwave irradiation were employed as in situ reduction methods to produce stable, well-dispersed platinum nanoparticles with average diameters not exceeding 6 nm. The catalytic performance studies indicated that the 0.9 Pt/Al 2 O 3 (MAS) nanocatalyst, produced using the microwave approach, exhibited 86% higher catalytic activity for n-hexane dehydrocyclization and cyclohexane dehydrogenation into benzene at 450°C compared to the ultrasonic method, which achieved 75% activity. In ethanol conversion, the 0.9 Pt/Al 2 O 3 (US) sample generated via sonication was the most active for ethanol dehydration to ethylene, yielding 84% ethylene and 16% acetaldehyde, outperforming the 0.9 Pt/Al 2 O 3 (MAS) nanocatalyst. Physical sciences/Chemistry Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology Mesoporous alumina Microwave assisted solution Ultrasonic approach n-hexane dehydrocyclization ethanol dehydration cyclohexane dehydrogenation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 18 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 13 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 31 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 21 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 21 Jan, 2026 Editor invited by journal 21 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 15 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 15 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8558832","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":578148124,"identity":"0db39c4b-6839-427f-b840-385091c6aa90","order_by":0,"name":"Rasha S. 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γ-Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e using different Organic templates for Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Potential Applications\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Mesoporous alumina, Microwave assisted solution, Ultrasonic approach, n-hexane dehydrocyclization, ethanol dehydration, cyclohexane dehydrogenation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8558832/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8558832/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, mesoporous alumina was synthesized and modified with two different surfactants: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, and pluronic P123, a non-ionic surfactant, using the sol-gel method. The synthesis involved the co-assembly of aluminum precursors with the surfactants, followed by calcination to remove the templates, resulting in a porous alumina structure that serves as a support. Platinum (Pt) was then loaded onto the surfactant-modified alumina support (CTAB) at a concentration of 0.9 wt. % using microwave-assisted solution (MAS) and ultrasonic techniques. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to assess their textural properties, thermal stability, and morphology. The catalytic activity of the Pt-loaded alumina catalysts was evaluated for n-hexane dehydrocyclization, cyclohexane dehydrogenation, and ethanol dehydration. Both the ultrasonic technique and microwave irradiation were employed as in situ reduction methods to produce stable, well-dispersed platinum nanoparticles with average diameters not exceeding 6 nm. The catalytic performance studies indicated that the 0.9 Pt/Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (MAS) nanocatalyst, produced using the microwave approach, exhibited 86% higher catalytic activity for n-hexane dehydrocyclization and cyclohexane dehydrogenation into benzene at 450\u0026deg;C compared to the ultrasonic method, which achieved 75% activity. In ethanol conversion, the 0.9 Pt/Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e(US) sample generated via sonication was the most active for ethanol dehydration to ethylene, yielding 84% ethylene and 16% acetaldehyde, outperforming the 0.9 Pt/Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (MAS) nanocatalyst.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Comparative study between Microwaves and Ultrasound Assisted in-Situ Reduction of Platinum supported γ-Al2O3 using different Organic templates for Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Potential Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-22 15:07:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8558832/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-18T09:00:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-17T22:52:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"84644602819871396510783167042817258092","date":"2026-02-25T07:48:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-13T07:48:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"139894513877709227847097683543836843113","date":"2026-02-07T10:01:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-31T22:40:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"208679190534748773022341407304761373104","date":"2026-01-23T13:11:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"205077337214213175217967830382684963872","date":"2026-01-22T11:52:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-21T13:08:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-21T13:02:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-21T10:21:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-15T22:17:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2026-01-15T22:11:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"93803a08-c111-4fd6-9589-d099b6db049f","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 22nd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":61587923,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry"},{"id":61587924,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"},{"id":61587925,"name":"Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-04T15:23:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-22 15:07:21","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8558832","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8558832","identity":"rs-8558832","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}