Psychosocial etiology and management of chronic pelvic pain in women: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) in women is a complicated disease. Psychosocial elements like stress, trauma, and mental illnesses frequently impact CPP in women. A biopsychosocial strategy emphasizing the integration of psychosocial approach for conceptualizing and managing this condition is necessary for effective management. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to propose the psychosocial etiology and management strategies for CPP in women. METHOD: Research databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library, were used to search for relevant articles published from 2016 to 2025. The selected studies were Cross-Sectional Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). Of the 32 studies, 8 were chosen according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The data synthesis of the selected studies found that psychological distress, unhealthy coping style, early life experiences, and emotional trauma are significant etiological factors for CPP in women. On the other hand, psychosocial therapeutic approaches including psychoeducation, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, stress management techniques and coping strategies were found effective for improving the chronic pain condition. CONCLUSION: The psychosocial etiology of CPP in women underscores the importance of a psychosocial approach to management, integrating psychological and social interventions. Addressing both the psychological and social dimensions of pain is essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO with the Registration No. CRD420251179527.