Alcohol Use Disorder and Psychiatric Illnesses in Eastern Uganda: A Cross-sectional Study

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However, little has been investigated about alcohol use disorder and mental illnesses in Uganda. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Alcohol use disorder and associated socio-demographic factors in patients already having another psychiatric disorder attending Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: we conducted a hospital based cross sectional study among adults living with mental illnesses by assessing their alcohol use using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for alcohol use disorder. The Researchers adopted a predictive design and the questionnaires used for the study was comprised of independent variables including clinical and social-demographic factors, the dependent variable was alcohol use disorder. STATA 15 was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 300 patients were interviewed. The average age was 34.4years (± 9.037), males were 55.7%. 25.3%; of Participants had AUD and majority of them had a severe alcohol use disorder according to the AUDIT categorization (43/76). The factors associated were; being a male (aOR =1.683, C I= 1.163-2.940, P=0.048) Findings: The prevalence of AUD among adults having another psychiatric disorder was high (25.3%) and severe. Male sex was the main associated factor of AUD. However age, marital status and occupation were not significantly associated with alcohol use disorder. Conclusion: Regular screening of all patients having psychiatric disorder for substance use disorders including alcohol will contribute to prevention and appropriate intervention of AUD among adult living with mental illness. Health sciences/Health care Health sciences/Health occupations Health sciences/Medical research Health sciences/Pathogenesis Health sciences/Risk factors Health sciences/Signs and symptoms Alcohol Use Disorder Psychiatric Illness Eastern Uganda Cross-Sectional Study Introduction Alcohol use poses a significant threat to both physical and mental health, as well as to individuals' social well-being, across both high- and low-income countries. Harmful alcohol consumption is responsible for approximately three million deaths globally each year. Research indicates that individuals with psychiatric disorders are at a substantially higher risk of developing Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) compared to the general population. This co-occurrence—often referred to as dual diagnosis—is linked to increased relapse rates, poor adherence to treatment, symptom exacerbation, and prolonged hospitalizations. Among those with dual diagnoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, other substance use disorders, and psychotic disorders are most frequently observed, with substance use disorders being particularly common. Sociodemographic factors such as sex, marital status, education level, and occupation have also been associated with dual diagnosis. Although women with AUD are more vulnerable to developing psychiatric comorbidities, within psychiatric populations, men are more likely than women to develop AUD as a coexisting condition. Across both genders, younger age, single marital status, and low socioeconomic status are linked to a higher risk of AUD. In East Africa, studies have shown that individuals with psychiatric disorders face a four- to ten-fold increased risk of developing AUD compared to the general population. Despite a growing body of research on AUD in Uganda, the majority of studies have focused on the general population. There is limited evidence on the prevalence and patterns of co-occurring AUD and psychiatric disorders among mental health patients, highlighting a critical gap in local mental health research. Objectives of the Study To identify the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of participants with alcohol use disorder. To determine the prevalence of alcohol use disorder among patients with another psychiatric disorder. To examine socio-demographic factors associated with AUD in patients with another psychiatric disorder. To analyze socio-demographic factors associated with AUD in psychiatric patients, controlling for diagnosis and personality. Hypotheses Socio-demographic factors and clinical characteristics will significantly predict AUD. There is a significant prevalence of AUD among patients with another psychiatric disorder. There is a significant relationship between socio-demographic factors and AUD in patients with another psychiatric disorder. There is a significant relationship between socio-demographic factors and AUD in psychiatric patients, controlling for diagnosis and personality. Methods Aim, Design, Setting, and Study Population This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and examine associated sociodemographic factors among patients already diagnosed with other psychiatric conditions. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a predictive design and quantitative methods at the psychiatric unit of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda. The hospital, located in Jinja Town about 83 km from Kampala, serves the Busoga region and has a 34-bed psychiatric unit. The unit manages approximately 750 patients monthly, including an estimated 40 with depression, 120 with schizophrenia, 100 with substance use disorders, and 150 with bipolar affective disorder. It is staffed by one psychiatrist, five psychiatric clinical officers, two psychiatric nurses, and two general nurses. A total of 300 participants (167 males and 133 females) were selected through convenience sampling based on accessibility and willingness to participate. Participant demographics are summarized in Table 1. To ensure statistical consistency, only individuals diagnosed with AUD and comparable psychiatric disorders were included in the study. Inclusion Criteria Patients diagnosed with depression. Patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Patients diagnosed with substance use disorders other than alcohol. Exclusion Criteria Patients under 18 years of age with active psychiatric symptoms. Patients presenting with primary alcohol use disorders. Sampling Procedure and Data Collection Data were collected in August 2023 using convenience sampling. Participants were selected based on accessibility, availability, and willingness to participate. All participants provided informed consent and met the inclusion criteria. Medical records were reviewed, and participants were screened for AUD. Measures Alcohol Use Disorder AUD was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a brief structured diagnostic interview for major Axis I psychiatric disorders per DSM-5 and ICD-10. The MINI AUD module consists of 13 items with yes/no responses, divided into two sections: I1 (1 item) and I2 (12 items). A diagnosis of AUD requires two or more positive responses in section I2. Mild AUD: 2–3 symptoms Moderate AUD: 4–5 symptoms Severe AUD: 6 or more symptoms Validation studies show the MINI has good reliability and validity (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75) and has been used widely, including in Ugandan settings. Clinical Factors Participants' diagnoses (schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and substance use disorders other than alcohol) were confirmed using medical records. Socio-demographic Factors A locally developed questionnaire captured data on age, sex, marital status, and occupation. Data Processing and Analysis Responses were prepared and coded before being entered into Microsoft Excel (2016) and exported to Stata 15 for analysis. The prevalence of AUD among psychiatric patients was presented as a percentage based on MINI scores, with 95% confidence intervals for estimation. Stata 15 was used for descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and multiplicity corrections. Socio-demographic factors associated with AUD were analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Variables with a p-value < 0.2 were included in the multivariate model. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethical Considerations Ethical approval was obtained from the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology. Additional clearance was granted by the administration of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. All procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of Uganda and Institutional committee on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised by in 2008. All participants provided a written informed consent. Table: 1: Results Characteristic Frequency Percentage Age Mean=34.4, SD=11.6, Min=18, Max=66 18-30 137 45.7 31 - 45 111 37.0 46-66 52 17.3 Sex Male 167 55.7 Female 133 44.3 Marital status Married 97 32.3 Single 155 51.7 Divorced 39 13.0 Widowed 9 3.0 Occupation Employed 60 20.0 Self employed 82 27.3 Unemployed 158 52.7 Table1 Socio demographics’ and clinical characteristics of participants In our study the mean age was 34.4 (SD=11.6) and majority of participants were males 167 (55.7%) young (age between the age of 18- 30) 137(45.7%), Single 155(51.7%) and unemployed 158 (52.7%). The rest of the baseline characteristics are shown in table 1. Prevalence of alcohol use disorder in patients already having another psychiatric disorder In this study, 76 of the 300 study participants had AUD translating in a prevalence of 25.3% with a 95% confidence interval of 20.3-30.3%. Majority of these 76 participants had a severe alcohol use disorder according to the MINI categorization (43/76). The highest prevalence of alcohol use disorder was seen among patients with another substance use disorder (38.0%) in which 30 out of the 79 patients with another substance use disorder had alcohol use disorder. The rest of the data relating to prevalence in the different diagnoses are shown in table 2. Table 2: Prevalence of alcohol use disorder in patients already having another psychiatric disorder Category Frequency Percentage (95% CI) Overall (N=300) No AUD 224 74.7 AUD present 76 Mild 15 19.73 Moderate 18 23.68 Severe 43 56.57 BAD (N=106) No AUD 87 82.1 AUD present 19 Mild 2 10.52 Moderate 4 21.05 Severe 13 68.42 Schizophrenia (N=71) No AUD 54 76.1 AUD present 17 Mild 4 23.53 Moderate 4 23.53 Severe 9 52.94 Depression (N=44) No AUD 34 77.3 AUD present 10 Mild 4 40 Moderate 2 20 Severe 4 40 SUD (N=79) No AUD 49 62.0 AUD present 30 Mild 5 16.7 Moderate 8 26.7 Severe 17 56.66 Socio-demographic factors associated with alcohol use disorder in patients already having another psychiatric disorder At bivariate level of analysis age groups and sex were factors associated with alcohol use disorder. On the other point of view marital status and occupation were not associated to AUD thus excluded from the further analysis At multivariate level of analysis, the only social demographic factor that was independently associated with alcohol use disorder was sex. In this study a male participant was 1.683 (cOR=1.683, CI=1.163-2.940, P=0.048) times more likely to have alcohol use disorder compared to a female one. The rest of multivariate analysis is shown in tables 3 and 4 Table 3: Bivariate analysis of the Socio-demographic factors associated with AUD in patients already having another psychiatric disorder Characteristic No AUD, N=224 AUD present, N=76 Bivariate analysis cOR 95% CI P value Age 18-30 108(36.0) 29(9.7) Ref 31 - 45 79(26.3) 32(10.7) 1.509 0.844-2.695 0.165 46-66 37(12.3) 15(5.0) 1.510 0.730-3.122 0.266 Sex Male 117(39.0) 50(16.7) 1.759 1.023-3.023 0.041 Female 107(35.7) 26(8.7) Ref Marital status Married 71(23.7) 26(8.7) Ref Single 120(40.0) 35(11.7) 0.796 0.443-1.431 0.447 Divorced 26(8.7) 13(4.3) 1.365 0.612-3.048 0.447 Widowed 7(2.3) 2(0.7) 0.780 0.152-4.000 0.766 Occupation Employed 46(15.3) 14(4.7) Ref Self employed 58(19.3) 24(8.0) 1.360 0.633-2.920 0.431 Un employed 120(40.0) 38(12.7) 1.040 0.516-2.097 0.912 Name: Stata:15 Official Link for Bivariate analysis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivariate_analysis Table 4: Multivariate analysis of the Socio-demographic factors associated with AUD in patients already having another psychiatric disorder controlling for diagnosis. Characteristic Bivariate analysis Multivariate analysis cOR 95% CI P value aOR 95% CI P value Age 18-30 Ref 31 - 45 1.509 0.844-2.695 0.165 1.658 0.899-3.059 0.106 46-66 1.510 0.730-3.122 0.266 1.530 0.708-3.307 0.280 Sex Male 1.759 1.023-3.023 0.041 1.683 1.163-2.940 0.048 Female Ref Name: Stata:15 Official Link for Bivariate analysis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivariate_analysis Name: Stata: 15 Official link for Multivariate analysis: https://www.stata.com/manuals/mv.pdf Table: 4b Pseudo R-squre Cox and Snell 0. 023 Nagelkerke 0.034 McFadden 0. 021 Test de Hosmer et Lemeshow Chi-squre df p-Value. 8. 801 8 0. 359 The three cells of Pseudo R-square of socio-demographic factors associated with AUD in patients already having another psychiatric disorder controlling for diagnosis was significant at 0.05. If we consider hosmer and Lemeshow test, our p-value is 0.359 and then greater than 0.05, this means that the binary logistic regression fit our data and is sweetable to use in term of prediction on our data. Name: Stata: 15. The link for Pseudo R-Square analysis: https://www.stata.com/manuals/rlogistic.pdf (search for “Pseudo R-Squared” inside PD. Discussion The overall prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) among patients with mental illness at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital was 25.3%. Studies conducted in Eastern Africa have reported varying prevalence rates among psychiatric populations. While some findings align with the present study, others show notably higher or lower rates. For example, studies in Tanzania and Ethiopia reported significantly higher prevalence rates of 59.3% and 52%, respectively. These discrepancies can be attributed to differences in methodology, screening tools, sample sizes, and study settings. The Tanzanian study utilized the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), which includes multiple substances beyond alcohol. In contrast, the Ethiopian study employed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), focusing specifically on alcohol consumption. Notably, both studies had smaller sample sizes (184 in Tanzania and 200 in Ethiopia) and were conducted in rural contexts, which may influence the generalizability of their results. Conversely, some studies reported findings consistent with the current study. For instance, other research in Ethiopia and Tanzania found AUD prevalence rates of 24.5% and 21.7%, respectively. These similarities may be due to larger sample sizes and urban study settings, which are comparable to the present research context. Regarding associated factors, the present study identified a significant association between AUD and sex. Specifically, males were 1.683 times more likely to have AUD than females (AOR = 1.683, 95% CI: 1.163–2.940, p = 0.048). However, age, marital status, and occupation were not significantly associated with AUD in this study. The finding on sex aligns with previous research from both general populations and psychiatric cohorts, which consistently show that men are more prone to alcohol-related disorders. This may be explained by a biologically lower response to alcohol's effects in men, cultural norms that encourage male alcohol use for socialization, and a higher tendency among men to self-medicate with alcohol. With regard to age, the study’s results corroborate findings from several East African studies that found no significant association between age and AUD. However, a recent study by Karino et al. (2023) in Tanzania reported a higher likelihood of AUD among young adults aged 18–24. Although this age group represented only 8.5% of their study population, they appeared to be at higher risk, possibly due to increased vulnerability during the transition to adulthood. Recommendation · There is the need to establish integrated care models that address both AUD and psychiatric illnesses simultaneously. Given the strong correlation between alcohol use and mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD, it is important to treat these conditions together to improve outcomes. Also the Ugandan ministry of health should encourage the Training of healthcare providers at the primary care level to screen for and manage AUD and common psychiatric illnesses, especially in rural areas. This will improve early detection and intervention. · Public health campaigns should be launched to raise awareness about the risks of excessive alcohol consumption and its connection to mental health issues. These campaigns should target both individuals and communities to reduce stigma surrounding AUD and associated psychiatric disorders. Promote community-based interventions that educate people on healthy coping mechanisms for stress and trauma, reducing reliance on alcohol as a form of solace to their stressful life events. · Implement stronger regulations on the production and distribution of alcohol, particularly in rural areas in where local brews are often easily accessible and may be consumed excessively. Increase taxes on alcohol to reduce affordability and access, particularly for homemade and illicit brews, which are often linked to hazardous drinking behaviors. · Increase funding for mental health services in rural and underserved areas of Uganda. This would include expanding mental health facilities, hiring more mental health professionals, and providing mobile health services to remote areas. · Introduction of telepsychiatry and tele-psychotherapy or mobile health services are necessary to overcome geographic barriers and provide mental health support to communities in Eastern Uganda. · Design interventions targeting high-risk populations , such as unemployed youth, individuals exposed to trauma (including post-conflict or violence-related trauma), and target men, who are often more affected by AUD in this region. Implement gender-specific programs addressing the unique challenges faced by men and women, who may experience stigma differently and may have less access to healthcare services. · It is very imperative to develop alcohol rehabilitation centers that offer both medical detoxification and psychological counseling. Community-based rehabilitation programs can also be effective for treating AUD alongside mental health issues. · Introduction of peer support groups or Alcoholics Anonymous-style groups in local communities is a welcome idea to create support networks for individuals recovering from AUD. Overall, these recommendations would help address the complex interactions between alcohol use disorder and psychiatric illnesses, particularly in rural and underserved areas of Republic of Uganda. Limitations The study relied on self-reported questionnaires that might have given a subjective picture of the patient’s alcohol consumption. Such tools might allow a less reflection of the exact reality. In addiction the fact that questionnaires were administered by the researchers would have amplified the effects given the fact that respondent might tend to please the researchers. Self-administered questionnaires should be used to determine whether the findings can be repeated. Generalization The study was conducted in the Jinja Referral Hospital. Jinja Referral Hospital is one of the biggest hospitals with sizeable Psychiatric wards in Western Uganda, and psychiatric patients are admitted in it from Western Uganda, and from every other region in Uganda and beyond. Hence caution is required in generalizing the study in other countries in East African and beyond. Conclusions This study has shown that the frequency of AUD among patient with mental illnesses is high and, severe. Male patient with substance use disorders are mostly affected. Gender (male) was suggestively and independently linked with presence of mental disorders. These findings add important evidence in the existing few studies in Uganda on substance use among patients with mental illnesses. Awareness creation through psychoeducation about alcohol use disorder, consequence and its early management, are suggested. Additional studies are also suggested, in order to explore the relationship of alcohol use and mental illnesses. Abbreviations AUD Alcohol Use Disorder BD Bipolar Disorder CI Confidence Interval MINI. Mini International Neuropsychiatric interview ORs Odds Ratio SUD Substances Use Disorders Declarations Ethical approval and consent to participate Approval to carry out the study was sought from Research Ethics committee of Bishop Stuart University (BSU-REC-2023-131). Informed consent from participants was obtained after fully explaining the details of the study to them in English and local Languages. The research also adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments, or other comparable ethical standards. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest Authors' contributions Funding The authors confirm that they did not receive any funds or other forms of support for this study. Acknowledgements We wish to acknowledge all the patients participants of this study for enduring the duration of the data collection despite their mental health challenges. We also wish to acknowledge all the authors of this empirical research article for their various contributions towards making this work a reality. Finally, we are grateful to everyone who participated in the actualization of this researched masterpiece. Data Availability: The data and materials used in this study can be obtained by directly contacting the first author, [email protected] References Rincon-Hoyos G.H., Castillo A., & Prada I.S., (2016). Alcohol use disorders and psychiatric diseases in Colombia: Colombia Médica , 47(1):31-37. Mental Health Statistics (2021). Single Care. (n.d.). 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Prevalence and correlates of depression and substance use disorders in emergency department populations: A cross-sectional study at East Africa’s largest public hospital : African Journal of Emergency Medicine , 12 (2022) 307–31. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6967345","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":490892784,"identity":"ac47876e-305c-4117-a1f7-3fc2f0c2efa8","order_by":0,"name":"Niyubahwe Raissa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kampala International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Niyubahwe","middleName":"","lastName":"Raissa","suffix":""},{"id":490892785,"identity":"6f99771b-5b17-4f8a-8df0-de6fe4676f8b","order_by":1,"name":"Nishimwe florant","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kampala International 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15:38:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6967345/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6967345/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100369214,"identity":"ab4193c4-54de-4422-9f20-e52fc0a61df9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:58:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1559975,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6967345/v1/af07fdc1-296d-41c7-9636-86dcb266dcb8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Alcohol Use Disorder and Psychiatric Illnesses in Eastern Uganda: A Cross-sectional Study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAlcohol use poses a significant threat to both physical and mental health, as well as to individuals' social well-being, across both high- and low-income countries. Harmful alcohol consumption is responsible for approximately three million deaths globally each year. Research indicates that individuals with psychiatric disorders are at a substantially higher risk of developing Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) compared to the general population. This co-occurrence—often referred to as dual diagnosis—is linked to increased relapse rates, poor adherence to treatment, symptom exacerbation, and prolonged hospitalizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong those with dual diagnoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, other substance use disorders, and psychotic disorders are most frequently observed, with substance use disorders being particularly common. Sociodemographic factors such as sex, marital status, education level, and occupation have also been associated with dual diagnosis. Although women with AUD are more vulnerable to developing psychiatric comorbidities, within psychiatric populations, men are more likely than women to develop AUD as a coexisting condition. Across both genders, younger age, single marital status, and low socioeconomic status are linked to a higher risk of AUD.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn East Africa, studies have shown that individuals with psychiatric disorders face a four- to ten-fold increased risk of developing AUD compared to the general population. Despite a growing body of research on AUD in Uganda, the majority of studies have focused on the general population. There is limited evidence on the prevalence and patterns of co-occurring AUD and psychiatric disorders among mental health patients, highlighting a critical gap in local mental health research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eObjectives of the Study\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTo identify the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of participants with alcohol use disorder.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTo determine the prevalence of alcohol use disorder among patients with another psychiatric disorder.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTo examine socio-demographic factors associated with AUD in patients with another psychiatric disorder.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTo analyze socio-demographic factors associated with AUD in psychiatric patients, controlling for diagnosis and personality.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHypotheses\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSocio-demographic factors and clinical characteristics will significantly predict AUD.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is a significant prevalence of AUD among patients with another psychiatric disorder.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is a significant relationship between socio-demographic factors and AUD in patients with another psychiatric disorder.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is a significant relationship between socio-demographic factors and AUD in psychiatric patients, controlling for diagnosis and personality.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003ch4\u003eAim, Design, Setting, and Study Population\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and examine associated sociodemographic factors among patients already diagnosed with other psychiatric conditions. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a predictive design and quantitative methods at the psychiatric unit of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda. The hospital, located in Jinja Town about 83 km from Kampala, serves the Busoga region and has a 34-bed psychiatric unit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe unit manages approximately 750 patients monthly, including an estimated 40 with depression, 120 with schizophrenia, 100 with substance use disorders, and 150 with bipolar affective disorder. It is staffed by one psychiatrist, five psychiatric clinical officers, two psychiatric nurses, and two general nurses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eA total of 300 participants (167 males and 133 females) were selected through convenience sampling based on accessibility and willingness to participate. Participant demographics are summarized in Table 1. To ensure statistical consistency, only individuals diagnosed with AUD and comparable psychiatric disorders were included in the study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInclusion Criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients diagnosed with depression.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients diagnosed with schizophrenia.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients diagnosed with substance use disorders other than alcohol.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eExclusion Criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients under 18 years of age with active psychiatric symptoms.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients presenting with primary alcohol use disorders.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSampling Procedure and Data Collection\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData were collected in August 2023 using convenience sampling. Participants were selected based on accessibility, availability, and willingness to participate. All participants provided informed consent and met the inclusion criteria. Medical records were reviewed, and participants were screened for AUD.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMeasures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAlcohol Use Disorder\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAUD was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a brief structured diagnostic interview for major Axis I psychiatric disorders per DSM-5 and ICD-10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe MINI AUD module consists of 13 items with yes/no responses, divided into two sections: I1 (1 item) and I2 (12 items). A diagnosis of AUD requires two or more positive responses in section I2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"decimal_type\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMild AUD: 2\u0026ndash;3 symptoms\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eModerate AUD: 4\u0026ndash;5 symptoms\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSevere AUD: 6 or more symptoms\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eValidation studies show the MINI has good reliability and validity (Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha = 0.75) and has been used widely, including in Ugandan settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eClinical Factors\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants\u0026apos; diagnoses (schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and substance use disorders other than alcohol) were confirmed using medical records.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eSocio-demographic Factors\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eA locally developed questionnaire captured data on age, sex, marital status, and occupation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData Processing and Analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResponses were prepared and coded before being entered into Microsoft Excel (2016) and exported to Stata 15 for analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of AUD among psychiatric patients was presented as a percentage based on MINI scores, with 95% confidence intervals for estimation. Stata 15 was used for descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and multiplicity corrections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic factors associated with AUD were analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Variables with a p-value \u0026lt; 0.2 were included in the multivariate model. A p-value \u0026le; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Considerations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval was obtained from the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology. Additional clearance was granted by the administration of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. All procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of Uganda and Institutional committee on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised by in 2008. All participants provided a written informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable: 1: Results\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"510\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66.6667%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean=34.4, SD=11.6, Min=18, Max=66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18-30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 - 45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46-66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorced\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWidowed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOccupation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSelf employed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37.0588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.6078%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable1 Socio demographics\u0026rsquo; and clinical characteristics of participants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn our study the mean age was 34.4 (SD=11.6) and majority of participants were males 167 (55.7%) young (age between the age of 18- 30) 137(45.7%), Single 155(51.7%) and unemployed 158 (52.7%). The rest of the baseline characteristics are shown in table 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevalence of alcohol use disorder in patients already having another psychiatric disorder\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, 76 of the 300 study participants had AUD translating in a prevalence of 25.3% with a 95% confidence interval of 20.3-30.3%. Majority of these 76 participants had a severe alcohol use disorder according to the MINI categorization (43/76). The highest prevalence of alcohol use disorder was seen among patients with another substance use disorder (38.0%) in which 30 out of the 79 patients with another substance use disorder had alcohol use disorder. The rest of the data relating to prevalence in the different diagnoses are shown in table 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2: Prevalence of alcohol use disorder in patients already having another psychiatric disorder\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategory\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverall (N=300)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo AUD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAUD present\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBAD (N=106)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo AUD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAUD present\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchizophrenia (N=71)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo AUD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAUD present\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepression (N=44)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo AUD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAUD present\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSUD (N=79)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo AUD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAUD present\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocio-demographic factors associated with alcohol use disorder in patients already having another psychiatric disorder\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt bivariate level of analysis age groups and sex were factors associated with alcohol use disorder. On the other point of view marital status and occupation were not associated to AUD thus excluded from the further analysis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt multivariate level of analysis, the only social demographic factor that was independently associated with alcohol use disorder was sex. In this study a male participant was 1.683 (cOR=1.683, CI=1.163-2.940, P=0.048) times more likely to have alcohol use disorder compared to a female one. The rest of multivariate analysis is shown in tables 3 and 4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3: Bivariate analysis of the Socio-demographic factors associated with AUD in patients already having another psychiatric disorder\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"103%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo AUD, N=224\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAUD present, N=76\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18-30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108(36.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29(9.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 - 45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79(26.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32(10.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.509\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.844-2.695\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.165\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46-66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37(12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(5.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.510\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.730-3.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.266\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117(39.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50(16.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.759\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.023-3.023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.041\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107(35.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26(8.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMarital status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71(23.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26(8.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120(40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35(11.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.796\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.443-1.431\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.447\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorced\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26(8.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.365\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.612-3.048\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.447\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWidowed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(0.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.780\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.152-4.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.766\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOccupation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46(15.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14(4.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSelf employed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58(19.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24(8.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.633-2.920\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.431\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUn employed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120(40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38(12.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.040\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.516-2.097\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.912\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eName: Stata:15 Official Link for Bivariate analysis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivariate_analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4: Multivariate analysis of the Socio-demographic factors associated with AUD in patients already having another psychiatric disorder controlling for diagnosis.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\" width=\"102%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eaOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18-30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 - 45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.509\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.844-2.695\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.658\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.899-3.059\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46-66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.510\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.730-3.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.266\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.530\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.708-3.307\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.280\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.759\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.023-3.023\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.041\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.683\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.163-2.940\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.048\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eName: Stata:15 Official Link for Bivariate analysis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivariate_analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eName: Stata: 15 Official link for Multivariate analysis: https://www.stata.com/manuals/mv.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable: 4b\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePseudo R-squre\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCox and Snell\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0. 023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNagelkerke\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMcFadden\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0. 021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"217\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest de Hosmer et Lemeshow\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChi-squre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edf\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-Value.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8. 801\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0. 359\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three cells of Pseudo R-square of socio-demographic factors associated with AUD in patients already having another psychiatric disorder controlling for diagnosis was significant at 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf we consider hosmer and Lemeshow test, our p-value is 0.359 and then greater than 0.05, this means that the binary logistic regression fit our data and is sweetable to use in term of prediction on our data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eName: Stata: 15. The link for Pseudo R-Square analysis: https://www.stata.com/manuals/rlogistic.pdf (search for \u0026ldquo;Pseudo R-Squared\u0026rdquo; inside PD.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion ","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe overall prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) among patients with mental illness at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital was 25.3%. Studies conducted in Eastern Africa have reported varying prevalence rates among psychiatric populations. While some findings align with the present study, others show notably higher or lower rates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, studies in Tanzania and Ethiopia reported significantly higher prevalence rates of 59.3% and 52%, respectively. These discrepancies can be attributed to differences in methodology, screening tools, sample sizes, and study settings. The Tanzanian study utilized the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), which includes multiple substances beyond alcohol. In contrast, the Ethiopian study employed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), focusing specifically on alcohol consumption. Notably, both studies had smaller sample sizes (184 in Tanzania and 200 in Ethiopia) and were conducted in rural contexts, which may influence the generalizability of their results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, some studies reported findings consistent with the current study. For instance, other research in Ethiopia and Tanzania found AUD prevalence rates of 24.5% and 21.7%, respectively. These similarities may be due to larger sample sizes and urban study settings, which are comparable to the present research context.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding associated factors, the present study identified a significant association between AUD and sex. Specifically, males were 1.683 times more likely to have AUD than females (AOR = 1.683, 95% CI: 1.163\u0026ndash;2.940, p = 0.048). However, age, marital status, and occupation were not significantly associated with AUD in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe finding on sex aligns with previous research from both general populations and psychiatric cohorts, which consistently show that men are more prone to alcohol-related disorders. This may be explained by a biologically lower response to alcohol\u0026apos;s effects in men, cultural norms that encourage male alcohol use for socialization, and a higher tendency among men to self-medicate with alcohol.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith regard to age, the study\u0026rsquo;s results corroborate findings from several East African studies that found no significant association between age and AUD. However, a recent study by Karino et al. (2023) in Tanzania reported a higher likelihood of AUD among young adults aged 18\u0026ndash;24. Although this age group represented only 8.5% of their study population, they appeared to be at higher risk, possibly due to increased vulnerability during the transition to adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommendation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot; \u003cstrong\u003eThere is the need to establish integrated care models\u003c/strong\u003e that address both AUD and psychiatric illnesses simultaneously. Given the strong correlation between alcohol use and mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD, it is important to treat these conditions together to improve outcomes. \u003cstrong\u003eAlso the Ugandan ministry of health should encourage the Training of healthcare providers\u003c/strong\u003e at the primary care level to screen for and manage AUD and common psychiatric illnesses, especially in rural areas. This will improve early detection and intervention.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot; \u003cstrong\u003ePublic health campaigns\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eshould be launched to raise awareness about the risks of excessive alcohol consumption and its connection to mental health issues. These campaigns should target both individuals and communities to reduce stigma surrounding AUD and associated psychiatric disorders. Promote \u003cstrong\u003ecommunity-based interventions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ethat educate people on healthy coping mechanisms for stress and trauma, reducing reliance on alcohol as a form of solace to their stressful life events.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot; Implement stronger regulations on the production and distribution of alcohol, particularly in rural areas in where local brews are often easily accessible and may be consumed excessively.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Increase taxes on alcohol\u003c/strong\u003e to reduce affordability and access, particularly for homemade and illicit brews, which are often linked to hazardous drinking behaviors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot; \u003cstrong\u003eIncrease funding for mental health services\u003c/strong\u003e in rural and underserved areas of Uganda. This would include expanding mental health facilities, hiring more mental health professionals, and providing mobile health services to remote areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot; Introduction of telepsychiatry and tele-psychotherapy\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;or mobile health services are necessary\u003c/strong\u003e to overcome geographic barriers and provide mental health support to communities in Eastern Uganda.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot; Design \u003cstrong\u003einterventions targeting high-risk populations\u003c/strong\u003e, such as unemployed youth, individuals exposed to trauma (including post-conflict or violence-related trauma), and target men, who are often more affected by AUD in this region. Implement \u003cstrong\u003egender-specific programs\u003c/strong\u003e addressing the unique challenges faced by men and women, who may experience stigma differently and may have less access to healthcare services.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot; It is very imperative to develop \u003cstrong\u003ealcohol rehabilitation centers\u003c/strong\u003e that offer both medical detoxification and psychological counseling. Community-based rehabilitation programs can also be effective for treating AUD alongside mental health issues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot; Introduction of \u003cstrong\u003epeer support groups\u003c/strong\u003e or Alcoholics Anonymous-style groups in local communities is a welcome idea to create support networks for individuals recovering from AUD. Overall, these recommendations would help address the complex interactions between alcohol use disorder and psychiatric illnesses, particularly in rural and underserved areas of Republic of Uganda.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study relied on self-reported questionnaires that might have given a subjective picture of the patient\u0026rsquo;s alcohol consumption. Such tools might allow a less reflection of the exact reality. \u0026nbsp;In addiction the fact that questionnaires were administered by the researchers would have amplified the effects given the fact that respondent might tend to please the researchers. Self-administered questionnaires should be used to determine whether the findings can be repeated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneralization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in the Jinja Referral Hospital. Jinja Referral Hospital is one of the biggest hospitals with sizeable Psychiatric wards in Western Uganda, and psychiatric patients are admitted in it from Western Uganda, and from every other region in Uganda and beyond. Hence caution is required in generalizing the study in other countries in East African and beyond.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study has shown that the frequency of AUD among patient with mental illnesses is high and, severe. Male patient with substance use disorders are mostly affected. Gender (male) was suggestively and independently linked with presence of mental disorders.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese findings add important evidence in the existing few studies in Uganda on substance use among patients with mental illnesses. Awareness creation through psychoeducation about alcohol use disorder, consequence and its early management, are suggested. Additional studies are also suggested, in order to explore the relationship of alcohol use and mental illnesses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAUD \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAlcohol Use Disorder\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBD\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eBipolar Disorder\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCI\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eConfidence Interval\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMINI.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eMini International Neuropsychiatric interview\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eORs \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eOdds Ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSUD\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eSubstances Use Disorders\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApproval to carry out the study was sought from Research Ethics committee of Bishop Stuart University (BSU-REC-2023-131). Informed consent from participants was obtained after fully explaining the details of the study to them in English and local Languages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research also adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments, or other comparable ethical standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors' contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors confirm that they did not receive any funds or other forms of support for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe wish to acknowledge all the patients participants of this study for enduring the duration of the data collection despite their mental health challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe also wish to acknowledge all the authors of this empirical research article for their various contributions towards making this work a reality. Finally, we are grateful to everyone who participated in the actualization of this researched masterpiece.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data and materials used in this study can be obtained by directly contacting the first author, [email protected]\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRincon-Hoyos G.H., Castillo A., \u0026amp; Prada I.S., (2016). Alcohol use disorders and psychiatric diseases in Colombia: \u003cem\u003eColombia M\u0026eacute;dica\u003c/em\u003e, 47(1):31-37.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMental Health Statistics (2021). Single Care. (n.d.). Retrieved July 15, 2021, From; https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/mental-health-statistics/\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDervaux, A. \u0026amp;Laqueille, X., (2018). Comorbidites psychiatriques de l\u0026rsquo;alcohol d\u0026eacute;pendance: \u003cem\u003ePresse M\u0026eacute;dicale\u003c/em\u003e, 47: 575\u0026ndash;585 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2018.01.005.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNery F.G, Miranda-Scipp A., Nery-Fernande F., Kapczinski F., Lafer B., Prevalence and clinical correlates of alcohol use disorders among bipolar disorder patients: Results from the Brazilian Bipolar Research Network: \u003cem\u003eElsevier\u003c/em\u003e, doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.02.006.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKassew T., Kiflie M., Minichil W., Tilahun A.D.\u0026amp;Liyew B.( 2021). Alcohol Use Disorder and Its Associate Factors Relating to Patients with Severe Mental Disorders Attending Psychiatric Follow-Ups in Northwest Ethiopia: \u003cem\u003eNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment\u003c/em\u003e, 2021:17 1801\u0026ndash;1810.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHauli, K.A., Ndetei, D.M., Jande, M.B. \u0026amp;Kabangila, R., (2011). The prevalence of substance use among psychiatric patients: the case study of Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza (Northern Tanzania): \u003cem\u003eSubstAbus\u003c/em\u003e, 2011; 32(4): 238\u0026ndash;241.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFarren, C.K., Hill, K.P. \u0026amp; Weiss D., P., (2012) Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder: \u003cem\u003eA review National Institute of Health\u003c/em\u003e, 2012 December; 14(6): 659\u0026ndash;666. doi: 10.1007/s11920-012-0320-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTadesse H., Mirkana Y. \u0026amp;Misgana T. (2021). Alcohol use disorder and its determinant factors among patients with schizophrenia attending treatment at mental specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study:\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSAGE Open Medicine\u003c/em\u003e, doi: 10.1177/20503121211048748.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCastillo-Carniglia, A., Keyes, M.K., Hasin, D.S. \u0026amp;Cerd\u0026aacute;, M., (2019). Psychiatric comorbidities in alcohol use disorder: \u003cem\u003eLancet Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366 (19)30222-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLespine, L.F., Bramness, J.G., Pignon, B., Vaiva, G., Thomas, P., Roelandt, J.L.,....., Rolland, B., (2022). Gender-related Associations between Psychiatric Disorders and Alcohol Use Disorder: Findings from The French \u0026quot;Mental Health in the General Population\u0026quot; Survey: \u003cem\u003eArch Women\u0026rsquo;s Ment Health\u003c/em\u003e, 2022 Oct; 25(5):895-902.doi: 10.1007/s00737-022-01253-5.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNesvag, R., Knudsen, G.P., Bakken, I.j., H\u0026oslash;ye, A., Ystrom, E., Reneflot, A...Kjennerud, T.R., (2015). Substance use disorders in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depressive illness: A registry-based study: \u003cem\u003eSoc Psychiatry \u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003ePsychiatr Epidemiol\u003c/em\u003e, (2015) 50:1267\u0026ndash;1276.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization, (2018).Global status report on alcohol and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKarino K., Ambikile J., Iseselo M., (2023). Prevalence of substance use and associated factors among ptients with mental illness at Muhimbiri National Hospital, Dare Salaam ,Tanzania.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKabwama S., Ndyanabangi S., Mutungi G., Wesonga R., \u0026hellip;,GuwatuddeD., Alcohol use among adults in Uganda: findings from the Countrywide non-communicable diseases risk factor cross-sectional survey: \u003cem\u003eGlobal Health Action\u003c/em\u003e, 9:1, 31302, DOI: 10.3402/gha.v 9.31302.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKamulegeya H., Kitonsa P., Okolimong E., Kaudha G.,\u0026hellip;, Nakimuli-Mpungu E. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of alcohol use patterns among university students in Uganda: \u003cem\u003ePAMJ\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e- 37(339). 14 Dec 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSsebunnya J., Kituyi C., Nabanoba J., Nakku J., Bhana A. \u0026amp;Kigozi F., (2020). Social acceptance of alcohol use in Uganda: \u003cem\u003eBMC Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e, doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2471-2.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSheehan, D., Lecrubier, Y., Harnett-Sheehan, K., et al. (1998) The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The Development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Clinical Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e, 59, 22-23.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTerefa Y., Abegaz T. Sori L. ,Abdela O., (2021). Alcohol use disorders among psychiatric patients treated at a university hospital in Ethiopia: Alcohol Drug Addict, 2021; 34 (1): 69-78 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ain.2021.10771.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTensae D., Solomon H., Boru B., Getinet W., (2018). Prevalence of Alcohol use disorder among bipolar patients at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital : \u003cem\u003ejournal of public health in Africa,\u003c/em\u003e 2018;volume 9:8292.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSebena R., Orosova O., Mikolajczyk R.and Dijk J., (2011). Selected sociodemographic factors and related differences in patterns of alcohol use among university students in Slovakia : BMC Public Health, 2011, 11:849 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/849.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNabawessi I., Olum R., Sekite A., Tumwesigye W.\u0026hellip;, Katagirya E., (2021). Antibiotic Practices, Perceptions and Self-Medication Among Patients at National Referral Hospital in Uganda: \u003cem\u003eInfection and Drug Resistance\u003c/em\u003e, 2021.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIheanachoa T., Maciejewski K., Ogudebec F., Chumo F.,\u0026hellip;, Ngaruiya C.,(2022). Prevalence and correlates of depression and substance use disorders in emergency department populations: A cross-sectional study at East Africa\u0026rsquo;s largest public hospital : \u003cem\u003eAfrican Journal of Emergency Medicine\u003c/em\u003e, 12 (2022) 307\u0026ndash;31.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Alcohol Use Disorder, Psychiatric Illness, Eastern Uganda, Cross-Sectional Study","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6967345/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6967345/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e High levels of alcohol used disorder (AUD) have been reported among patients with mental illnesses worldwide. However, little has been investigated about alcohol use disorder and mental illnesses in Uganda. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Alcohol use disorder and associated socio-demographic factors in patients already having another psychiatric disorder attending Jinja Regional Referral Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e we conducted a hospital based cross sectional study among adults living with mental illnesses by assessing their alcohol use using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for alcohol use disorder. The Researchers adopted a predictive design and the questionnaires used for the study was comprised of independent variables including clinical and social-demographic factors, the dependent variable was alcohol use disorder. STATA 15 was used to analyze the data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e A total of 300 patients were interviewed. The average age was 34.4years (± 9.037), males were 55.7%. 25.3%; of Participants had AUD and majority of them had a severe alcohol use disorder according to the AUDIT categorization (43/76).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe factors associated were; being a male (aOR =1.683, C I= 1.163-2.940, P=0.048)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFindings:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e The prevalence of AUD among adults having another psychiatric disorder was high (25.3%) and severe. Male sex was the main associated factor of AUD. However age, marital status and occupation were not significantly associated with alcohol use disorder.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003eRegular screening of all patients having psychiatric disorder for substance use disorders including alcohol will contribute to prevention and appropriate intervention of AUD among adult living with mental illness.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Alcohol Use Disorder and Psychiatric Illnesses in Eastern Uganda: A Cross-sectional Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-29 08:26:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6967345/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"00de7252-8165-4d72-ae4d-9dfd7029620e","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 29th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":52126239,"name":"Health sciences/Health care"},{"id":52126240,"name":"Health sciences/Health occupations"},{"id":52126241,"name":"Health sciences/Medical research"},{"id":52126242,"name":"Health sciences/Pathogenesis"},{"id":52126243,"name":"Health sciences/Risk factors"},{"id":52126244,"name":"Health sciences/Signs and symptoms"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-13T18:23:41+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-29 08:26:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6967345","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6967345","identity":"rs-6967345","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}