Attempts to implement CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing in the oomycetePhytophthora infestans

Few techniques have revolutionized the molecular biology field as much as genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9. Recently, a CRISPR/Cas9 system has been developed for the oomycete Phytophthora sojae , and since then it has been employed in two other Phytophthora spp. Here, we report our progress on efforts to establish the system in the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans . Using the original constructs as developed for P. sojae , we did not obtain any transformants displaying a mutagenized target gene. We made several modifications to the CRISPR/Cas9 system to pinpoint the reason for failure and also explored the delivery of pre-assembled ribonucleoprotein complexes. With this report we summarize an extensive experimental effort pursuing the application of a CRISPR/Cas9 system for targeted mutagenesis in P. infestans and we conclude with suggestions for future directions.