Compressive Failure Mechanisms of NCF Laminates with Double-Hole Defects

Compressive Failure Mechanisms of NCF Laminates with Double-Hole Defects | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Compressive Failure Mechanisms of NCF Laminates with Double-Hole Defects songming cai, shi yan, lili jiang, zixiang meng, yongxin niu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7872464/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Compression tests were carried out on non-crimp fabric (NCF) laminates with varied open-hole orientation (angle to the loading direction) and inter-hole spacing, and the failure modes were documented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while the strength was quantified. Finite-element simulations in Abaqus were developed to replicate the tests, establishing a progressive-damage model for open-hole laminates under compression. Intralaminar failure was described using the 3D Hashin and a modified Puck criterion, and interlaminar delamination was modeled with cohesive elements, enabling the simulation of damage initiation, growth, delamination, and final collapse. The results show that hole orientation and spacing have a pronounced effect on open-hole compression (OHC) strength—with a spacing threshold beyond which additional spacing brings little benefit—whereas the elastic-stage stiffness is essentially insensitive to spacing and orientation. The combined intralaminar (Hashin/Puck) and interlaminar (cohesive-zone) model reproduces the characteristic three-stage response—linear, softening, and post-peak degradation—in good agreement with the experiments. composite laminates open-hole compression Finite element modeling damage evolution Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7872464","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":536117676,"identity":"72dd140f-bb26-4293-b9b2-e52590719669","order_by":0,"name":"songming cai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"songming","middleName":"","lastName":"cai","suffix":""},{"id":536117679,"identity":"15243c64-552a-4378-8bbc-6c388c867484","order_by":1,"name":"shi 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Finite-element simulations in Abaqus were developed to replicate the tests, establishing a progressive-damage model for open-hole laminates under compression. Intralaminar failure was described using the 3D Hashin and a modified Puck criterion, and interlaminar delamination was modeled with cohesive elements, enabling the simulation of damage initiation, growth, delamination, and final collapse. The results show that hole orientation and spacing have a pronounced effect on open-hole compression (OHC) strength\u0026mdash;with a spacing threshold beyond which additional spacing brings little benefit\u0026mdash;whereas the elastic-stage stiffness is essentially insensitive to spacing and orientation. The combined intralaminar (Hashin/Puck) and interlaminar (cohesive-zone) model reproduces the characteristic three-stage response\u0026mdash;linear, softening, and post-peak degradation\u0026mdash;in good agreement with the experiments.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Compressive Failure Mechanisms of NCF Laminates with Double-Hole Defects","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-31 03:43:01","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7872464/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"089f33c1-8454-4768-8990-92ec3213082a","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 31st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-15T14:53:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-31 03:43:01","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7872464","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7872464","identity":"rs-7872464","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}