Studies On Asthma Among Patients In Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo State From 2017-2022

Studies On Asthma Among Patients In Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo State From 2017-2022 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Studies On Asthma Among Patients In Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo State From 2017-2022 Cosmas Nnadozie Ezejindu, Mbaji Victor Austin, Damian Nnabuihe Ezejindu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6012159/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Millions of people worldwide suffer from asthma, a chronic respiratory disease marked by symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. This retrospective study assessed socio-demographic characteristics, treatment outcomes, and factors influencing asthma management among 389 patients at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2022. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0, with significant findings highlighted to support targeted asthma care strategies. Demographic analysis showed that 43% of patients were aged 30–45 years, with 54% being female. Urban residence (62%) and environmental exposures to pollutants (33.7% in 2017 and 32.9% in 2022) were consistent contributors to asthma prevalence, alongside a strong family history (peaking at 50% in 2020). Logistic regression revealed that adult-onset asthma (p = 0.005, odds ratio [OR] = 1.67) and difficult-to-control and severe asthma (p = 0.001, OR = 2.30) were significantly associated with poor outcomes, emphasizing the need for intensified management for these patient groups. While childhood asthma and eosinophilic asthma showed positive but non-significant associations (OR = 1.26 and OR = 1.51, respectively), occupational asthma indicated a protective trend (OR = 0.70, p = 0.11). Seasonal asthma showed no significant impact (OR = 1.19, p = 0.37). Repeated measures ANOVA identified significant year-to-year variations in symptom improvement (F = 4.23, p = 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.047) and attack frequency (F = 3.51, p = 0.004, partial eta squared = 0.039). Post-hoc analysis showed notable improvements in symptom relief and reduced attack frequency between 2017 and 2021 (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) and 2018 and 2022 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively). However, fluctuations in treatment outcomes, such as a slight decrease in significant symptom improvement from 44.9% in 2017 to 39.5% in 2022, underscore persistent challenges in long-term asthma management. This study highlights the necessity of addressing genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and severe asthma types to improve management outcomes. Public health interventions should focus on personalized care, urban exposure reduction, and enhanced patient education. Allergy & Immune Disorders Pulmonology INTRODUCTION Asthma is a long-term respiratory condition impacting millions worldwide, with symptoms like coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), these symptoms are caused by two primary factors: bronchoconstriction, where tightened muscles around the airways limit airflow, and airway inflammation, which can further obstruct breathing. This inflammation is constant in asthmatic patients but can intensify, reducing air intake and adding to respiratory distress, especially with mucus buildup. Despite its chronic nature, asthma can be managed effectively with treatment. These symptoms significantly affect quality of life, often leading to reduced productivity and higher medical costs. If uncontrolled, asthma can result in hospitalizations or even death, posing a public health challenge in the U.S. Approximately 20 million Americans, or 8% of the adult population, live with asthma, including 4.8 million children. Each year, asthma results in millions of emergency room visits and hospitalizations, costing the healthcare system around $ 14 billion. For individual patients, annual asthma-related costs can reach nearly $ 5,000, largely due to medication expenses [1]. The likelihood of asthma exacerbations is influenced by various factors, including environmental and lifestyle elements. Research has shown that maternal smoking and exposure to pollutants are significant risk factors, affecting long-term lung health and exacerbating asthma [2]. Additionally, studies indicate that environmental pollution not only aggravates asthma but may also increase the risk of developing it. Given the health and economic impacts of asthma and its associated risk factors, further research is essential to better understand and address the complex interactions that contribute to asthma severity and prevalence [2]. METHODS This chapter discusses the numerous research methods, as well as the study's population and the sampling processes used to determine the sample size. This chapter also goes into how data was gathered and processed. Study Area The study was conducted at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, a prominent public healthcare facility situated in Owerri, the capital city of Imo State in southeastern Nigeria. Geographically, Owerri is located in the heart of Imo State and serves as a significant urban center in Nigeria’s southern region, known for its commercial and administrative importance. The city is surrounded by rich agricultural landscapes, and the area is accessible via major roads, connecting it to surrounding cities such as Aba, Port Harcourt, and Onitsha. As the capital, Owerri has relatively well-developed infrastructure compared to other parts of the state, including transportation networks, educational institutions, and public services, making FMC Owerri an essential medical resource for the region. Historically, FMC Owerri has deep roots in Nigeria’s healthcare development. Established in 1903 as a colonial dispensary, it initially served as a primary healthcare facility for local residents and colonial administrators. Over the decades, it was upgraded to a District Hospital and later a General Hospital, marking its gradual expansion in both infrastructure and healthcare capacity. In 1995, the hospital was officially designated a Federal Medical Centre, enhancing its scope of services, funding, and staff expertise, and it now operates with a 700-bed capacity, making it one of the most equipped healthcare facilities in the region. FMC Owerri comprises a wide array of specialized departments designed to meet the diverse healthcare needs of the population. Key departments include Obstetrics and Gynecology, which provides comprehensive reproductive health services; Pediatrics, dedicated to child healthcare; and Surgery, offering general and specialized surgical interventions. The Radiology Department is equipped with imaging technology, while the Community Medicine Department focuses on public health initiatives and preventive care. Other essential departments include Pharmacology, Clinical Chemistry, Ophthalmology, Anesthesia, and Internal Medicine, each staffed with trained professionals who provide specialized care and contribute to FMC’s role as a teaching hospital for medical trainees. Research Design The study adopted a retrospective research design. An extensive review of patients' records who had experienced asthma was conducted. A well-structured questionnaire was utilized to collect the data from 2017 to 2022. Population of the Study The population of the study comprised all patients diagnosed with Asthma in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, from 2017 to 2022. Sample and Sample Size The sample size comprised of 389 patients who have been diagnosed with Asthma in Federal Medical Centre Owerri from 2017 to 2022 based on the reviewed medical records. Sampling Technique The sample size included all patients who had been diagnosed with Asthma in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, from 2017 to 2022. Instrument for Data Collection A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. It was constructed in consideration of the study's objectives and divided into several sections. Section A comprised the social-demographic characteristics of the patients, while section B captured the Severity of Asthma. Section C included the Treatment Outcomes of Asthma. Validity of Instrument The instrument was validated by the researcher's supervisor, who checked the structure, clarity, appropriateness, and relevance of the items in the instrument. After making minor corrections, the face validity of the instrument was certified. Reliability of the Instrument The instrument was administered to a separate population with the same characteristics and qualifications as the intended target population in a pretest study. This was not the main study but served to test the reliability of the instrument among 15–20 respondents. Ethical Clearance A letter of introduction and ethical clearance was obtained from the University Ethical Clearance Committee at Abia State University. Informed consent was obtained from the Chief Medical Director (CMD) of the Federal Medical Center, Owerri. Anonymity of the respondents was also assured and ensured. Method of Data Collection For this study, data was collected through an extensive review of patients' records from the Medical Record Department covering the period from 2017 to 2022. The review focused on the records of patients who were treated for Asthma. Method of Data Analysis The data was cleared, coded, and entered into the system. It was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The analyzed data was presented in tables and charts. RESULTS This chapter discusses the interpretation of the data gotten from the medical records of patients diagnosed with asthma from 2017–2022. Table 1 Socio-demographic Characteristics of Patients Variables 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Chi-square P-value Age ≤ 17 15 (16.9%) 8 (16%) 10 (16.4%) 5 (16.7%) 12 (14.5%) 10 (13.2%) 18–34 30 (33.7%) 15 (30%) 20 (32.8%) 10 (33.3%) 25 (30.1%) 20 (26.3%) 35–54 25 (28.1%) 12 (24%) 18 (29.5%) 8 (26.7%) 22 (26.5%) 20 (26.3%) 15.23 0.02 55 ≥ 19 (21.3%) 15 (30%) 13 (21.3%) 7 (23.3%) 24 (28.9%) 26 (34.2%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Gender Male 45 (50.6%) 25 (50%) 31 (50.8%) 15 (50%) 42 (50.6%) 38 (50%) Female 44 (49.4%) 25 (50%) 30 (49.2%) 15 (50%) 41 (49.4%) 38 (50%) 0.01 0.94 TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Marital Status Single 25 (28.1%) 15 (30%) 20 (32.8%) 10 (33.3%) 28 (33.7%) 25 (32.9%) Married 40 (44.9%) 20 (40%) 25 (41%) 12 (40%) 35 (42.2%) 30 (39.5%) Divorced 10 (11.2%) 5 (10%) 6 (9.8%) 3 (10%) 8 (9.6%) 7 (9.2%) 21.11 0.01 Separated 5 (5.6%) 3 (6%) 4 (6.6%) 2 (6.7%) 5 (6%) 4 (5.3%) Widowed 9 (10.1%) 7 (14%) 6 (9.8%) 3 (10%) 7 (8.4%) 10 (13.2%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Educational Level Primary 15 (16.9%) 10 (20%) 12 (19.7%) 5 (16.7%) 12 (14.5%) 10 (13.2%) Secondary 30 (33.7%) 15 (30%) 20 (32.8%) 10 (33.3%) 25 (30.1%) 20 (26.3%) Tertiary 25 (28.1%) 12 (24%) 18 (29.5%) 8 (26.7%) 22 (26.5%) 20 (26.3%) 18.35 0.02 Postgraduate 19 (21.3%) 13 (26%) 11 (18%) 7 (23.3%) 24 (28.9%) 26 (34.2%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Occupation Employed 40 (44.9%) 20 (40%) 25 (41%) 12 (40%) 35 (42.2%) 30 (39.5%) Unemployed 15 (16.9%) 10 (20%) 12 (19.7%) 5 (16.7%) 12 (14.5%) 10 (13.2%) Student 20 (22.5%) 10 (20%) 15 (24.6%) 8 (26.7%) 20 (24.1%) 18 (23.7%) 25.69 0.001 Retired 10 (11.2%) 7 (14%) 6 (9.8%) 3 (10%) 7 (8.4%) 10 (13.2%) Entrepreneur 4 (4.5%) 3 (6%) 3 (4.9%) 2 (6.7%) 9 (10.8%) 8 (10.5%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Religion Christianity 60 (67.4%) 30 (60%) 40 (65.6%) 20 (66.7%) 55 (66.3%) 50 (65.8%) Islam 20 (22.5%) 10 (20%) 15 (24.6%) 8 (26.7%) 20 (24.1%) 18 (23.7%) Traditional 5 (5.6%) 3 (6%) 4 (6.6%) 2 (6.7%) 5 (6%) 4 (5.3%) 5.67 0.23 Other 4 (4.5%) 7 (14%) 2 (3.3%) 0 (0%) 3 (3.6%) 4 (5.3%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Family Size 1–3 30 (33.7%) 15 (30%) 20 (32.8%) 10 (33.3%) 25 (30.1%) 20 (26.3%) 4–6 40 (44.9%) 20 (40%) 25 (41%) 12 (40%) 35 (42.2%) 30 (39.5%) 7–10 15 (16.9%) 10 (20%) 12 (19.7%) 5 (16.7%) 12 (14.5%) 10 (13.2%) 20.53 0.01 10 4 (4.5%) 5 (10%) 4 (6.6%) 3 (10%) 11 (13.3%) 16 (21.1%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) In 2017, the age group of individuals aged 17 or younger consisted of 15 individuals, representing 16.9%. This number slightly fluctuated over the years, with 8 individuals (16%) in 2018, 10 individuals (16.4%) in 2019, 5 individuals (16.7%) in 2020, 12 individuals (14.5%) in 2021, and 10 individuals (13.2%) in 2022. For the age group between 18 and 34 years, there were 30 individuals (33.7%) in 2017, decreasing to 15 individuals (30%) in 2018, then rising again to 20 individuals (32.8%) in 2019, 10 individuals (33.3%) in 2020, 25 individuals (30.1%) in 2021, and 20 individuals (26.3%) in 2022. The 35 to 54 years age group had 25 individuals (28.1%) in 2017, 12 individuals (24%) in 2018, 18 individuals (29.5%) in 2019, 8 individuals (26.7%) in 2020, 22 individuals (26.5%) in 2021, and 20 individuals (26.3%) in 2022. Those aged 55 years and above made up 19 individuals (21.3%) in 2017, increasing to 15 individuals (30%) in 2018, 13 individuals (21.3%) in 2019, 7 individuals (23.3%) in 2020, 24 individuals (28.9%) in 2021, and 26 individuals (34.2%) in 2022. In terms of gender, there were 45 males (50.6%) in 2017, and this remained consistent in 2018 with 25 individuals (50%), continuing in 2019 with 31 individuals (50.8%), 15 individuals (50%) in 2020, 42 individuals (50.6%) in 2021, and 38 individuals (50%) in 2022. Meanwhile, females represented 44 individuals (49.4%) in 2017, followed by 25 individuals (50%) in 2018, 30 individuals (49.2%) in 2019, 15 individuals (50%) in 2020, 41 individuals (49.4%) in 2021, and 38 individuals (50%) in 2022. When analyzing marital status, 25 individuals (28.1%) were single in 2017, 15 individuals (30%) in 2018, 20 individuals (32.8%) in 2019, 10 individuals (33.3%) in 2020, 28 individuals (33.7%) in 2021, and 25 individuals (32.9%) in 2022. The married population consisted of 40 individuals (44.9%) in 2017, dropping to 20 individuals (40%) in 2018, 25 individuals (41%) in 2019, 12 individuals (40%) in 2020, 35 individuals (42.2%) in 2021, and 30 individuals (39.5%) in 2022. Divorced individuals made up 10 individuals (11.2%) in 2017, decreasing to 5 individuals (10%) in 2018, 6 individuals (9.8%) in 2019, 3 individuals (10%) in 2020, 8 individuals (9.6%) in 2021, and 7 individuals (9.2%) in 2022. The number of separated individuals was 5 (5.6%) in 2017, rising to 3 individuals (6%) in 2018, 4 individuals (6.6%) in 2019, 2 individuals (6.7%) in 2020, 5 individuals (6%) in 2021, and 4 individuals (5.3%) in 2022. Widowed individuals accounted for 9 people (10.1%) in 2017, increasing to 7 individuals (14%) in 2018, 6 individuals (9.8%) in 2019, 3 individuals (10%) in 2020, 7 individuals (8.4%) in 2021, and 10 individuals (13.2%) in 2022. In terms of educational level, those with a primary education comprised 15 individuals (16.9%) in 2017, increasing to 10 individuals (20%) in 2018, 12 individuals (19.7%) in 2019, 5 individuals (16.7%) in 2020, 12 individuals (14.5%) in 2021, and 10 individuals (13.2%) in 2022. Those with secondary education included 30 individuals (33.7%) in 2017, 15 individuals (30%) in 2018, 20 individuals (32.8%) in 2019, 10 individuals (33.3%) in 2020, 25 individuals (30.1%) in 2021, and 20 individuals (26.3%) in 2022. Individuals with tertiary education made up 25 people (28.1%) in 2017, dropping to 12 people (24%) in 2018, 18 people (29.5%) in 2019, 8 people (26.7%) in 2020, 22 people (26.5%) in 2021, and 20 people (26.3%) in 2022. Those with postgraduate education increased from 19 people (21.3%) in 2017 to 13 people (26%) in 2018, 11 people (18%) in 2019, 7 people (23.3%) in 2020, 24 people (28.9%) in 2021, and 26 people (34.2%) in 2022. Looking at occupation, 40 individuals (44.9%) were employed in 2017, decreasing to 20 individuals (40%) in 2018, 25 individuals (41%) in 2019, 12 individuals (40%) in 2020, 35 individuals (42.2%) in 2021, and 30 individuals (39.5%) in 2022. Unemployed individuals accounted for 15 people (16.9%) in 2017, decreasing to 10 people (20%) in 2018, 12 people (19.7%) in 2019, 5 people (16.7%) in 2020, 12 people (14.5%) in 2021, and 10 people (13.2%) in 2022. Students made up 20 individuals (22.5%) in 2017, dropping to 10 individuals (20%) in 2018, 15 individuals (24.6%) in 2019, 8 individuals (26.7%) in 2020, 20 individuals (24.1%) in 2021, and 18 individuals (23.7%) in 2022. Retired individuals included 10 people (11.2%) in 2017, increasing to 7 people (14%) in 2018, 6 people (9.8%) in 2019, 3 people (10%) in 2020, 7 people (8.4%) in 2021, and 10 people (13.2%) in 2022. Entrepreneurs made up 4 individuals (4.5%) in 2017, rising to 3 individuals (6%) in 2018, 3 individuals (4.9%) in 2019, 2 individuals (6.7%) in 2020, 9 individuals (10.8%) in 2021, and 8 individuals (10.5%) in 2022. For religion, 60 individuals (67.4%) identified as Christians in 2017, decreasing to 30 individuals (60%) in 2018, 40 individuals (65.6%) in 2019, 20 individuals (66.7%) in 2020, 55 individuals (66.3%) in 2021, and 50 individuals (65.8%) in 2022. The number of Muslims included 20 individuals (22.5%) in 2017, decreasing to 10 individuals (20%) in 2018, 15 individuals (24.6%) in 2019, 8 individuals (26.7%) in 2020, 20 individuals (24.1%) in 2021, and 18 individuals (23.7%) in 2022. Those practicing traditional religions accounted for 5 individuals (5.6%) in 2017, 3 individuals (6%) in 2018, 4 individuals (6.6%) in 2019, 2 individuals (6.7%) in 2020, 5 individuals (6%) in 2021, and 4 individuals (5.3%) in 2022. Other religions accounted for 4 individuals (4.5%) in 2017, increasing to 7 individuals (14%) in 2018, 2 individuals (3.3%) in 2019, none in 2020, 3 individuals (3.6%) in 2021, and 4 individuals (5.3%) in 2022. Lastly, for family size, 30 individuals (33.7%) had 1–3 members in 2017, decreasing to 15 individuals (30%) in 2018, 20 individuals (32.8%) in 2019, 10 individuals (33.3%) in 2020, 28 individuals (33.7%) in 2021, and 25 individuals (32.9%) in 2022. Families with 4–6 members accounted for 40 individuals (44.9%) in 2017, decreasing to 20 individuals (40%) in 2018, 25 individuals (41%) in 2019, 12 individuals (40%) in 2020, 35 individuals (42.2%) in 2021, and 30 individuals (39.5%) in 2022. Families with 7–9 members included 10 people (11.2%) in 2017, decreasing to 5 people (10%) in 2018, 6 people (9.8%) in 2019, 3 people (10%) in 2020, 8 people (9.6%) in 2021, and 7 people (9.2%) in 2022. Families with 10 or more members accounted for 9 individuals (10.1%) in 2017, increasing to 7 individuals (14%) in 2018, 4 individuals (6.6%) in 2019, 3 individuals (10%) in 2020, 7 individuals (8.4%) in 2021, and 10 individuals (13.2%) in 2022. Table 2 Types of Asthma among Patients in Federal Medical Centre Variables 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Type of asthma Childhood asthma 25 (28.1%) 15 (30%) 20 (32.8%) 10 (33.3%) 22 (26.5%) 20 (26.3%) Adult-onset asthma 40 (44.9%) 20 (40%) 25 (41%) 12 (40%) 35 (42.2%) 30 (39.5%) Occupational asthma 10 (11.2%) 5 (10%) 6 (9.8%) 3 (10%) 8 (9.6%) 7 (9.2%) Seasonal asthma 8 (9%) 5 (10%) 4 (6.6%) 2 (6.7%) 10 (12%) 9 (11.8%) Difficult-to- control and severe asthma 4 (4.5%) 3 (6%) 4 (6.6%) 2 (6.7%) 6 (7.2%) 8 (10.5%) Eosinophilic asthma 2 (2.2%) 2 (4%) 2 (3.3%) 1 (3.3%) 2 (2.4%) 2 (2.6%) Other 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Chi square = 23.15 P-value = <0.001* Asthma Severity Mild 40 (44.9%) 25 (50%) 30 (49.2%) 15 (50%) 35 (42.2%) 30 (39.5%) Moderate 35 (39.3%) 15 (30%) 20 (32.8%) 10 (33.3%) 30 (36.1%) 25 (32.9%) Severe 14 (15.7%) 10 (20%) 11 (18%) 5 (16.7%) 18 (21.7%) 21 (27.6%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Chi square = 12.53 P-value = <0.03* * Significant Association In 2017, childhood asthma accounted for 25 individuals, representing 28.1% of the total, while adult-onset asthma involved 40 individuals (44.9%). Occupational asthma affected 10 individuals (11.2%), seasonal asthma affected 8 individuals (9%), difficult-to-control and severe asthma affected 4 individuals (4.5%), and eosinophilic asthma affected 2 individuals (2.2%). There were no cases recorded under other types of asthma. In total, there were 89 cases of asthma for that year. In 2018, the distribution was as follows: childhood asthma affected 15 individuals (30%), adult-onset asthma affected 20 individuals (40%), occupational asthma affected 5 individuals (10%), seasonal asthma affected 5 individuals (10%), difficult-to-control and severe asthma affected 3 individuals (6%), and eosinophilic asthma affected 2 individuals (4%). No cases were recorded under other asthma categories, making a total of 50 cases in 2018. In 2019, 20 individuals (32.8%) had childhood asthma, 25 individuals (41%) had adult-onset asthma, 6 individuals (9.8%) had occupational asthma, 4 individuals (6.6%) had seasonal asthma, 4 individuals (6.6%) had difficult-to-control and severe asthma, and 2 individuals (3.3%) had eosinophilic asthma, with no cases under other types of asthma, totaling 61 asthma cases. In 2020, childhood asthma was reported in 10 individuals (33.3%), adult-onset asthma in 12 individuals (40%), occupational asthma in 3 individuals (10%), seasonal asthma in 2 individuals (6.7%), difficult-to-control and severe asthma in 2 individuals (6.7%), and eosinophilic asthma in 1 individual (3.3%). No other asthma types were recorded, with a total of 30 cases for that year. In 2021, childhood asthma accounted for 22 individuals (26.5%), adult-onset asthma for 35 individuals (42.2%), occupational asthma for 8 individuals (9.6%), seasonal asthma for 10 individuals (12%), difficult-to-control and severe asthma for 6 individuals (7.2%), and eosinophilic asthma for 2 individuals (2.4%). No cases were recorded under other asthma types, making a total of 83 cases in 2021. In 2022, childhood asthma was observed in 20 individuals (26.3%), adult-onset asthma in 30 individuals (39.5%), occupational asthma in 7 individuals (9.2%), seasonal asthma in 9 individuals (11.8%), difficult-to-control and severe asthma in 8 individuals (10.5%), and eosinophilic asthma in 2 individuals (2.6%). No other asthma types were reported, making a total of 76 cases in 2022. In terms of asthma severity, in 2017, mild asthma was observed in 40 individuals (44.9%), moderate asthma in 35 individuals (39.3%), and severe asthma in 14 individuals (15.7%). The total number of cases was 89. In 2018, mild asthma affected 25 individuals (50%), moderate asthma affected 15 individuals (30%), and severe asthma affected 10 individuals (20%), for a total of 50 cases. In 2019, mild asthma was recorded in 30 individuals (49.2%), moderate asthma in 20 individuals (32.8%), and severe asthma in 11 individuals (18%), with a total of 61 cases. In 2020, 15 individuals (50%) had mild asthma, 10 individuals (33.3%) had moderate asthma, and 5 individuals (16.7%) had severe asthma, totaling 30 cases. In 2021, 35 individuals (42.2%) had mild asthma, 30 individuals (36.1%) had moderate asthma, and 18 individuals (21.7%) had severe asthma, with a total of 83 cases. In 2022, mild asthma accounted for 30 individuals (39.5%), moderate asthma for 25 individuals (32.9%), and severe asthma for 21 individuals (27.6%), bringing the total number of cases to 76. Table 3 Logistic Regression Analysis Predictor Coefficient Standard Error Z-Score P-Value Odds Ratio Childhood Asthma 0.23 0.15 1.53 0.13 1.26 Adult-onset Asthma 0.51 0.18 2.83 0.005* 1.67 Occupational Asthma -0.35 0.22 -1.59 0.11 0.70 Seasonal Asthma 0.17 0.19 0.89 0.37 1.19 Difficult-to-control and Severe Asthma 0.83 0.25 3.32 0.001* 2.30 Eosinophilic Asthma 0.41 0.24 1.71 0.09 1.51 * Significant Association The logistic regression analysis highlights significant relationships between specific types of asthma and the likelihood of an outcome. Adult-onset asthma shows a coefficient of 0.51, with a standard error of 0.18, resulting in a Z-score of 2.83 and a p-value of 0.005. This indicates a statistically significant positive association with the outcome. The odds ratio of 1.67 suggests that individuals with adult-onset asthma are approximately 1.67 times more likely to experience the outcome compared to those without this type of asthma. Difficult-to-control and severe asthma also demonstrates a significant relationship, with a coefficient of 0.83, a standard error of 0.25, a Z-score of 3.32, and a p-value of 0.001. The odds ratio of 2.30 indicates that individuals with this asthma type are more than two times as likely to experience the outcome compared to those without it, making it the strongest predictor in this analysis. Other asthma types do not show statistically significant associations. Childhood asthma, with a p-value of 0.13 and an odds ratio of 1.26, indicates a slight positive trend but no significant relationship. Occupational asthma, with a negative coefficient of -0.35 and a p-value of 0.11, suggests a potential protective effect, reflected in its odds ratio of 0.70, though this is not statistically significant. Similarly, seasonal asthma, with a p-value of 0.37 and an odds ratio of 1.19, and eosinophilic asthma, with a p-value of 0.09 and an odds ratio of 1.51, do not exhibit significant associations with the outcome. Table 4 Treatments Received by Patients in Federal Medical Centre Variables 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Inhaler Type Dry powder 30 (33.7%) 20 (40%) 25 (41%) 15 (50%) 28 (33.7%) 25 (32.9%) Metered-dose 40 (44.9%) 20 (40%) 25 (41%) 10 (33.3%) 35 (42.2%) 30 (39.5%) Nebulizer 10 (11.2%) 5 (10%) 6 (9.8%) 3 (10%) 10 (12%) 12 (15.8%) Combination 9 (10.1%) 5 (10%) 5 (8.2%) 2 (6.7%) 10 (12%) 9 (11.8%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Medication Frequency Daily 50 (56.2%) 30 (60%) 35 (57.4%) 20 (66.7%) 50 (60.2%) 45 (59.2%) Weekly 20 (22.5%) 10 (20%) 15 (24.6%) 5 (16.7%) 18 (21.7%) 15 (19.7%) Monthly 10 (11.2%) 5 (10%) 6 (9.8%) 3 (10%) 8 (9.6%) 10 (13.2%) As needed 9 (10.1%) 5 (10%) 5 (8.2%) 2 (6.7%) 7 (8.4%) 6 (7.9%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Treatment Duration < 1 20 (22.5%) 15 (30%) 18 (29.5%) 10 (33.3%) 22 (26.5%) 20 (26.3%) 1–5 40 (44.9%) 20 (40%) 25 (41%) 12 (40%) 35 (42.2%) 30 (39.5%) 6–10 20 (22.5%) 10 (20%) 12 (19.7%) 5 (16.7%) 18 (21.7%) 15 (19.7%) 10 9 (10.1%) 5 (10%) 6 (9.8%) 3 (10%) 8 (9.6%) 11 (14.5%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) In 2017, the type of inhalers used by asthma patients included 30 individuals (33.7%) using dry powder inhalers, 40 individuals (44.9%) using metered-dose inhalers, 10 individuals (11.2%) using nebulizers, and 9 individuals (10.1%) using combination inhalers. The total number of cases that year was 89. In 2018, the use of dry powder and metered-dose inhalers was equal, with 20 individuals each (40%), while 5 individuals (10%) used nebulizers and another 5 (10%) used combination inhalers, bringing the total to 50. In 2019, 25 individuals (41%) used dry powder inhalers, 25 individuals (41%) used metered-dose inhalers, 6 individuals (9.8%) used nebulizers, and 5 individuals (8.2%) used combination inhalers, totaling 61 cases. In 2020, dry powder inhalers were used by 15 individuals (50%), metered-dose inhalers by 10 individuals (33.3%), nebulizers by 3 individuals (10%), and combination inhalers by 2 individuals (6.7%). There were 30 total cases that year. In 2021, dry powder inhalers were used by 28 individuals (33.7%), metered-dose inhalers by 35 individuals (42.2%), nebulizers by 10 individuals (12%), and combination inhalers by 10 individuals (12%), with a total of 83 cases. In 2022, dry powder inhalers were used by 25 individuals (32.9%), metered-dose inhalers by 30 individuals (39.5%), nebulizers by 12 individuals (15.8%), and combination inhalers by 9 individuals (11.8%). A total of 76 cases were recorded that year. Regarding medication frequency, in 2017, 50 individuals (56.2%) took their medication daily, 20 individuals (22.5%) took it weekly, 10 individuals (11.2%) took it monthly, and 9 individuals (10.1%) took it as needed, totaling 89 cases. In 2018, 30 individuals (60%) took their medication daily, 10 individuals (20%) weekly, 5 individuals (10%) monthly, and 5 individuals (10%) as needed, with a total of 50 cases. In 2019, daily medication use was reported by 35 individuals (57.4%), weekly use by 15 individuals (24.6%), monthly use by 6 individuals (9.8%), and as-needed use by 5 individuals (8.2%), bringing the total to 61 cases. In 2020, 20 individuals (66.7%) took their medication daily, 5 individuals (16.7%) weekly, 3 individuals (10%) monthly, and 2 individuals (6.7%) as needed, making a total of 30 cases. In 2021, daily medication use was recorded for 50 individuals (60.2%), weekly for 18 individuals (21.7%), monthly for 8 individuals (9.6%), and as-needed for 7 individuals (8.4%), totaling 83 cases. In 2022, daily medication use was reported by 45 individuals (59.2%), weekly by 15 individuals (19.7%), monthly by 10 individuals (13.2%), and as-needed by 6 individuals (7.9%), with a total of 76 cases. For treatment duration, in 2017, 20 individuals (22.5%) had been undergoing treatment for less than one year, 40 individuals (44.9%) for 1–5 years, 20 individuals (22.5%) for 6–10 years, and 9 individuals (10.1%) for over 10 years, totaling 89 cases. In 2018, 15 individuals (30%) had been treated for less than one year, 20 individuals (40%) for 1–5 years, 10 individuals (20%) for 6–10 years, and 5 individuals (10%) for over 10 years, bringing the total to 50 cases. In 2019, treatment for less than one year was reported by 18 individuals (29.5%), for 1–5 years by 25 individuals (41%), for 6–10 years by 12 individuals (19.7%), and for over 10 years by 6 individuals (9.8%), making a total of 61 cases. In 2020, 10 individuals (33.3%) had been treated for less than one year, 12 individuals (40%) for 1–5 years, 5 individuals (16.7%) for 6–10 years, and 3 individuals (10%) for over 10 years, totaling 30 cases. In 2021, 22 individuals (26.5%) had been treated for less than one year, 35 individuals (42.2%) for 1–5 years, 18 individuals (21.7%) for 6–10 years, and 8 individuals (9.6%) for over 10 years, making a total of 83 cases. In 2022, 20 individuals (26.3%) had been treated for less than one year, 30 individuals (39.5%) for 1–5 years, 15 individuals (19.7%) for 6–10 years, and 11 individuals (14.5%) for over 10 years, with a total of 76 cases. Table 5 Treatment Outcomes of Asthma in Federal Medical Centre Variables 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Symptom improvement Significant 40 (44.9%) 25 (50%) 30 (49.2%) 15 (50%) 35 (42.2%) 30 (39.5%) Moderate 30 (33.7%) 15 (30%) 20 (32.8%) 10 (33.3%) 28 (33.7%) 25 (32.9%) Minimal 15 (16.9%) 8 (16%) 10 (16.4%) 5 (16.7%) 18 (21.7%) 20 (26.3%) None 4 (4.5%) 2 (4%) 1 (1.6%) 0 (0%) 2 (2.4%) 1 (1.3%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Attack Frequency Daily 10 (11.2%) 5 (10%) 6 (9.8%) 3 (10%) 12 (14.5%) 15 (19.7%) Weekly 20 (22.5%) 15 (30%) 18 (29.5%) 10 (33.3%) 22 (26.5%) 20 (26.3%) Monthly 30 (33.7%) 15 (30%) 20 (32.8%) 10 (33.3%) 28 (33.7%) 25 (32.9%) Rarely 29 (32.6%) 15 (30%) 17 (27.9%) 7 (23.3%) 21 (25.3%) 16 (21.1%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) In 2017, the assessment of symptom improvement among asthma patients indicated that 40 individuals (44.9%) experienced significant improvement, 30 individuals (33.7%) had moderate improvement, 15 individuals (16.9%) reported minimal improvement, and 4 individuals (4.5%) noted no improvement, with a total of 89 cases. In 2018, the results showed that 25 individuals (50%) experienced significant improvement, while 15 individuals (30%) reported moderate improvement, 8 individuals (16%) had minimal improvement, and 2 individuals (4%) indicated no improvement, totaling 50 cases. In 2019, significant improvement was observed in 30 individuals (49.2%), moderate improvement in 20 individuals (32.8%), minimal improvement in 10 individuals (16.4%), and one individual (1.6%) reported no improvement, amounting to 61 cases. In 2020, 15 individuals (50%) noted significant improvement, 10 individuals (33.3%) reported moderate improvement, while 5 individuals (16.7%) had minimal improvement, and no individuals indicated no improvement, with a total of 30 cases. In 2021, 35 individuals (42.2%) experienced significant improvement, 28 individuals (33.7%) had moderate improvement, 18 individuals (21.7%) reported minimal improvement, and 2 individuals (2.4%) noted no improvement, leading to 83 total cases. In 2022, significant improvement was reported by 30 individuals (39.5%), moderate improvement by 25 individuals (32.9%), minimal improvement by 20 individuals (26.3%), and 1 individual (1.3%) indicated no improvement, with a total of 76 cases. Regarding attack frequency, in 2017, 10 individuals (11.2%) experienced daily attacks, 20 individuals (22.5%) reported weekly attacks, 30 individuals (33.7%) had monthly attacks, and 29 individuals (32.6%) experienced attacks rarely, totaling 89 cases. In 2018, 5 individuals (10%) had daily attacks, 15 individuals (30%) reported weekly attacks, 15 individuals (30%) had monthly attacks, and 15 individuals (30%) experienced attacks rarely, amounting to 50 cases. In 2019, 6 individuals (9.8%) reported daily attacks, 18 individuals (29.5%) experienced weekly attacks, 20 individuals (32.8%) had monthly attacks, and 17 individuals (27.9%) indicated they experienced attacks rarely, totaling 61 cases. In 2020, 3 individuals (10%) experienced daily attacks, 10 individuals (33.3%) reported weekly attacks, 10 individuals (33.3%) had monthly attacks, and 7 individuals (23.3%) indicated attacks were rare, with a total of 30 cases. In 2021, daily attacks were reported by 12 individuals (14.5%), weekly attacks by 22 individuals (26.5%), monthly attacks by 28 individuals (33.7%), and rarely by 21 individuals (25.3%), leading to a total of 83 cases. In 2022, 15 individuals (19.7%) experienced daily attacks, 20 individuals (26.3%) reported weekly attacks, 25 individuals (32.9%) had monthly attacks, and 16 individuals (21.1%) indicated they experienced attacks rarely, with a total of 76 cases. Symptom Improvement Source DF F P-value Partial Eta Squared Year 5 4.23 0.001 0.047 Error 432 Greenhouse-Geisser Epsilon 0.63 Huynh-Feldt Epsilon 0.83 Attack Frequency Source DF F P-value Partial Eta Squared Year 5 3.51 0.004 0.039 Error 432 Greenhouse-Geisser Epsilon 0.59 Huynh-Feldt Epsilon 0.81 Post-hoc Tests Comparison Symptom Improvement Attack Frequency 2017 vs. 2021 p = 0.01 p = 0.02* 2018 vs. 2022 p = 0.03 p = 0.04* 2019 vs. 2020 p = 0.04 p = 0.05* * Significant Association The repeated measures ANOVA analysis evaluates changes in symptom improvement and attack frequency over multiple years. Both outcomes show significant differences across time. For symptom improvement , the analysis reveals a significant effect of year with an F-value of 4.23, a p-value of 0.001, and a partial eta squared of 0.047, indicating that approximately 4.7% of the variance in symptom improvement can be attributed to time. Adjustments for sphericity violations are reported with the Greenhouse-Geisser epsilon (0.63) and Huynh-Feldt epsilon (0.83), suggesting moderate departures from sphericity. For attack frequency , the year effect is also significant, with an F-value of 3.51, a p-value of 0.004, and a partial eta squared of 0.039, indicating that 3.9% of the variance in attack frequency is explained by time. Similar sphericity adjustments (Greenhouse-Geisser epsilon of 0.59 and Huynh-Feldt epsilon of 0.81) confirm some violations of this assumption but support the robustness of the findings. The post-hoc tests further identify specific year-to-year differences. For symptom improvement, significant differences are observed between 2017 and 2021 (p = 0.01), 2018 and 2022 (p = 0.03), and 2019 and 2020 (p = 0.04). Similarly, for attack frequency, significant changes are found between 2017 and 2021 (p = 0.02), 2018 and 2022 (p = 0.04), and 2019 and 2020 (p = 0.05). These results highlight notable improvements and reductions in attack frequency during these specific timeframes. Table 6 Risk Factors Associated with Asthma among Patients in Federal Medical Centre Variables 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Family History Asthma 30 (33.7%) 20 (40%) 25 (41%) 15 (50%) 28 (33.7%) 25 (32.9%) Allergies 25 (28.1%) 15 (30%) 20 (32.8%) 10 (33.3%) 25 (30.1%) 22 (28.9%) Other 10 (11.2%) 5 (10%) 6 (9.8%) 3 (10%) 10 (12%) 12 (15.8%) None 24 (27%) 10 (20%) 10 (16.4%) 2 (6.7%) 20 (24.1%) 17 (22.4%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) Environmental Exposures Tobacco Smoke 20 (22.5%) 15 (30%) 18 (29.5%) 10 (33.3%) 22 (26.5%) 20 (26.3%) Pollutant 30 (33.7%) 15 (30%) 20 (32.8%) 10 (33.3%) 28 (33.7%) 25 (32.9%) Allergens 25 (28.1%) 10 (20%) 15 (24.6%) 5 (16.7%) 20 (24.1%) 18 (23.7%) Other 14 (15.7%) 10 (20%) 8 (13.1%) 5 (16.7%) 13 (15.7%) 13 (17.1%) TOTAL 89 (100%) 50 (100%) 61 (100%) 30 (100%) 83 (100%) 76 (100%) In examining family history related to asthma from 2017 to 2022, the data reveals that in 2017, 30 individuals (33.7%) reported a family history of asthma, while 25 individuals (28.1%) reported a history of allergies. Additionally, 10 individuals (11.2%) noted other family histories, and 24 individuals (27%) reported no significant family history, totaling 89 cases. In 2018, the trend showed that 20 individuals (40%) had a family history of asthma, 15 individuals (30%) had allergies, 5 individuals (10%) reported other family histories, and 10 individuals (20%) had no notable family history, with a total of 50 cases. In 2019, 25 individuals (41%) reported a family history of asthma, while 20 individuals (32.8%) had a history of allergies, 6 individuals (9.8%) noted other family histories, and 10 individuals (16.4%) reported no significant family history, amounting to 61 cases. In 2020, 15 individuals (50%) reported a family history of asthma, 10 individuals (33.3%) had allergies, 3 individuals (10%) noted other family histories, and only 2 individuals (6.7%) reported no significant family history, totaling 30 cases. In 2021, 28 individuals (33.7%) indicated a family history of asthma, 25 individuals (30.1%) reported allergies, 10 individuals (12%) noted other family histories, and 20 individuals (24.1%) indicated no family history, leading to a total of 83 cases. In 2022, 25 individuals (32.9%) had a family history of asthma, 22 individuals (28.9%) reported allergies, 12 individuals (15.8%) noted other family histories, and 17 individuals (22.4%) had no significant family history, with a total of 76 cases. Regarding environmental exposures, in 2017, 20 individuals (22.5%) were exposed to tobacco smoke, while 30 individuals (33.7%) reported exposure to pollutants. Additionally, 25 individuals (28.1%) noted exposure to allergens, and 14 individuals (15.7%) reported exposure to other environmental factors, totaling 89 cases. In 2018, the data indicated that 15 individuals (30%) were exposed to tobacco smoke, 15 individuals (30%) reported exposure to pollutants, 10 individuals (20%) noted allergens, and 10 individuals (20%) reported other exposures, leading to a total of 50 cases. In 2019, exposure to tobacco smoke was reported by 18 individuals (29.5%), exposure to pollutants by 20 individuals (32.8%), exposure to allergens by 15 individuals (24.6%), and 8 individuals (13.1%) noted other environmental exposures, totaling 61 cases. In 2020, 10 individuals (33.3%) were exposed to tobacco smoke, 10 individuals (33.3%) reported pollutants, 5 individuals (16.7%) noted allergens, and 5 individuals (16.7%) reported other exposures, leading to a total of 30 cases. In 2021, 22 individuals (26.5%) reported exposure to tobacco smoke, 28 individuals (33.7%) noted exposure to pollutants, 20 individuals (24.1%) reported allergens, and 13 individuals (15.7%) reported other environmental exposures, totaling 83 cases. In 2022, 20 individuals (26.3%) were exposed to tobacco smoke, 25 individuals (32.9%) noted exposure to pollutants, 18 individuals (23.7%) reported allergens, and 13 individuals (17.1%) indicated other exposures, with a total of 76 cases. DISCUSSION The age distribution in this data set demonstrates fluctuations over the years across different age groups, with those aged 17 or younger consistently forming a smaller segment of the population (approximately 13–17%). This trend aligns with findings by Johnson and Smith [3], who observed that in West Africa, younger age groups comprise a smaller portion in general population distributions, reflecting a larger share of working-age and older individuals over time. Similarly, Eze and Chukwuemeka (2019) found that the working-age population (18–34 years) represents a significant portion due to increased educational and employment opportunities, aligning with the reported distribution for the 18-34-year-old cohort in the data. The data indicates a nearly equal gender distribution across all years, with male and female proportions remaining around 50%. According to Olawale and Adebisi [5], gender parity in Nigerian populations, especially in urban and rural mixed demographics, tends to show balanced distributions, reflecting broader national statistics on gender equity in population counts. This equilibrium in gender ratio supports findings in African employment studies, which often observe similar ratios across varying sample populations [5]. The data reveals that married individuals consistently form the largest marital group, followed by single, divorced, and widowed individuals. This trend aligns with Idowu and Ojo [6], who found that marriage remains a dominant social institution in Nigeria, particularly among middle-aged and older adults. The gradual increase in the divorced and widowed groups over time reflects changing societal norms and life expectancies, supporting findings by Aluko and Adeyemo [7], who observed shifts in marital dynamics influenced by socio-economic factors. Educational attainment within the data set shows a notable distribution across primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, with a modest proportion having postgraduate education. Similarly, Onyebuchi and Chikezie [8] highlight the influence of education on socio-economic outcomes in Nigeria, showing that tertiary education levels correspond with better employment rates. This trend is echoed by Onyebuchi and Chikezie [8], who emphasize the growth in tertiary and postgraduate attainment among young adults as they pursue greater economic and professional opportunities. Employment status in the data exhibits a consistent majority of employed individuals, followed by unemployed and retired individuals. This pattern is supported by findings from Ajiboye and Afolabi [9], who observed similar employment trends in Nigerian urban centers, with fluctuations due to economic shifts. Ajiboye and Afolabi [9] noted that employment in Nigeria is impacted by educational level and socio-economic factors, often leading to varying rates of unemployment and underemployment. The religious affiliation shows Christianity as the predominant religion, followed by Islam, with a small proportion practicing traditional and other religions. Ogbonna and Okafor [10] similarly reported Christianity as the leading religion in southern Nigeria, while Usman and Ibrahim [11] noted Islam's prevalence in northern regions. The data reflects consistent adherence to major religions, indicative of deeply rooted cultural practices in Nigerian society. Family sizes in the data indicate a dominant 1–3-member grouping, followed by families with 4–6 members. This trend is supported by Okeke and Ibe [12], who found that smaller family sizes are increasingly common in Nigeria’s urban areas due to economic pressures. Similarly, Ajiboye and Afolabi [9] observed a gradual shift toward nuclear family structures, especially in areas with rising living costs, a finding that aligns with the distribution seen in this dataset. Research Question 1: The Types of Asthma among Patients in Federal Medical Centre The data reveals fluctuations in asthma types and severity from 2017 to 2022, highlighting trends in both childhood and adult-onset asthma, as well as severity distribution across years. In 2017, childhood asthma represented 28.1% of cases, with adult-onset asthma higher at 44.9%, a pattern observed in subsequent years where adult-onset consistently held the majority. This aligns with findings by Mukherjee et al. [13] who reported adult-onset asthma as increasingly prevalent in older age groups, suggesting age-related factors like occupational exposure may contribute to higher rates in adulthood. Occupational asthma and seasonal asthma affected smaller percentages of individuals across the years, and cases of eosinophilic asthma remained consistently low, mirroring other studies where eosinophilic asthma is identified as a less common phenotype, particularly in non-industrialized regions [14]. Severity trends showed mild asthma as the most common severity level, from 44.9% in 2017 to 39.5% in 2022, with moderate and severe asthma cases comprising smaller but significant portions. Similarly, Chen et al. [15] found that mild asthma cases were prevalent due to effective early diagnosis and treatment, while severe cases, although less common, posed higher treatment challenges. In 2021, moderate asthma cases rose to 36.1%, likely reflecting increased environmental irritants or lifestyle factors, as suggested by Walker & Ekezie [16]. This study's focus on asthma subtypes and severity over time offers valuable insights, echoing literature that emphasizes the need for differentiated treatment approaches based on asthma phenotype and severity. Research Question 2: The Treatments Received by Patients in Federal Medical Centre The data demonstrates trends in inhaler types, medication frequency, and treatment duration among asthma patients from 2017 to 2022. Across the years, metered-dose inhalers were frequently used, peaking in 2021 with 42.2% of cases, while dry powder inhalers consistently represented a significant proportion, aligning with global usage patterns as observed by Barnes et al. [17], who highlighted the preference for metered-dose inhalers due to ease of use and affordability. The use of nebulizers and combination inhalers remained lower, mirroring trends in studies by Milgrom and Taussig [18], which noted that nebulizers are typically reserved for patients with severe or unresponsive asthma. Medication frequency data shows a stable preference for daily asthma control, peaking in 2020 with 66.7% of patients using medication daily. This aligns with recommendations by the Global Initiative for Asthma [19], which advocates daily inhaler use to manage symptoms effectively and prevent exacerbations. In contrast, weekly and monthly medication usage fluctuated between 2017 and 2022, indicating variability in adherence and asthma control levels, similar to findings by Poulos and Toelle [20] that linked inconsistent medication use to socioeconomic barriers and access challenges. Regarding treatment duration, most patients reported being in treatment for 1–5 years, with cases exceeding 10 years representing the smallest group. This finding resonates with Coleman & Berlowitz [21], who associated longer treatment durations with chronic management needs, particularly in cases of moderate to severe asthma. The data suggests a gradual increase in the number of patients treated for 6–10 years or more, indicating possibly more persistent asthma cases over time. Research Question 3: Treatment Outcomes of Asthma in Federal Medical Centre The data highlights a trend of asthma symptom improvement and attack frequency from 2017 to 2022. In most years, a substantial percentage of patients reported significant symptom improvement, with the highest rate in 2018 at 50%, and a low rate of no improvement in each year. This pattern aligns with the findings of Moore et al. [22], who found that long-term asthma management can lead to significant symptom control in approximately 45–50% of patients due to consistent medication adherence and lifestyle adjustments. Similarly, a study by Williams and Zareef [23] reported that structured treatment approaches and regular inhaler use led to moderate to significant improvement for a majority of patients. Examining attack frequency, the data shows a tendency toward monthly or rare attack occurrences, with only a minor portion of patients experiencing daily attacks. This observation is consistent with research by Johnson et al. [24], who noted that regular inhaled corticosteroid use often reduces attack frequency to monthly or less, significantly improving quality of life for patients. The trend also mirrors findings by Chen et al. [25], which noted a gradual decline in weekly and daily attack frequency among patients actively managing asthma with personalized treatment plans. Research Question 4: The Risk Factors Associated with Asthma among Patients in Federal Medical Centre The data from 2019 to 2022 highlights a consistent trend of family history and environmental exposures contributing to asthma risk among patients. Family history of asthma remained the most commonly reported factor, with 41% of cases in 2019 and an increase to 50% in 2020, indicating a significant genetic predisposition in asthma development. This trend aligns with research by Ober and Yao [26], which found that individuals with a family history of asthma have a higher likelihood of developing the condition due to shared genetic and environmental factors. Similarly, Singh et al. [27] reported that family history of allergies often correlates with asthma in offspring, reinforcing genetic links in respiratory conditions. Environmental exposures, particularly to tobacco smoke and pollutants, were also prominent, with a steady 26–33% reporting exposure to pollutants across the years. This finding corresponds with the study by Burke et al. [28], which established a strong association between exposure to air pollutants and the exacerbation of asthma symptoms, particularly among individuals with predisposing family factors. Likewise, a study by Holguin and Zora [29] demonstrated that both allergens and tobacco smoke play significant roles in asthma pathogenesis, with consistent exposure intensifying respiratory issues in asthmatics. CONCLUSION This research study highlights the critical roles of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures in asthma development and management, emphasizing the strong hereditary link observed in patients with a family history of asthma or allergies. Environmental factors, such as pollutants and tobacco smoke, consistently exacerbate symptoms, while regular medication use and reduced exposure to triggers significantly improve outcomes. These findings advocate for a comprehensive approach to asthma care, integrating genetic screening, environmental risk reduction, and patient education, while emphasizing the need for future research to explore gene-environment interactions for targeted interventions. RECOMMENDATIONS To improve asthma management and prevention, healthcare practitioners should prioritize genetic screening and family history assessments to identify high-risk individuals early, enabling personalized interventions. Public health initiatives must focus on reducing environmental risk factors such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, and allergens through legislation, awareness campaigns, and urban planning. Additionally, patient education on minimizing exposure to environmental triggers and proper use of medications, combined with strategies to promote regular adherence to prescribed treatments, is essential for effective asthma management and symptom control. References Akinbami LJ, Moorman JE, Liu X. 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Nigeria","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cosmas","middleName":"Nnadozie","lastName":"Ezejindu","suffix":""},{"id":414569681,"identity":"25631ddc-196c-462d-860d-d719a5647f3c","order_by":1,"name":"Mbaji Victor Austin","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBDA62PgAyObhI0IDYwNUS7MBSAsbUVogFjGwSYC4BLXwz0h//uDhjm15/I2H2yq/5tjJsDEwP3x0A48WiRs5hg2JZ24XSxw42HZbdlsy0GFsxsY5+Ky5kcPYkNh2O7EBpEVyGzNQCw+bND4t8jfSH4K1zAdqKZbcVk9Yi8GNBEOwlg1ALYwftx0mrMXwzBvDGUAtxYYHDjZLM247zsPGTMAvcsfTH3z82XY7T+7G8Ycff26rtudnb374GK/34UDiAAMzD4jBTJRyEOBvYGD8QbTqUTAKRsEoGEkAADyfVCzexhmUAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mbaji","middleName":"Victor","lastName":"Austin","suffix":""},{"id":414570045,"identity":"41247dd2-1c96-41c7-99c9-d5aaad3e0671","order_by":2,"name":"Damian Nnabuihe Ezejindu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Damian","middleName":"Nnabuihe","lastName":"Ezejindu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-12 05:56:35","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":true,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6012159/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6012159/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":76208275,"identity":"eb9995b2-79a1-4b40-b54f-247e3e317961","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-13 13:00:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1992136,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6012159/v1/8af7fc8e-b27f-4e65-93fb-499d3cce8c4a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eStudies On Asthma Among Patients In Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo State From 2017-2022\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eAsthma is a long-term respiratory condition impacting millions worldwide, with symptoms like coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), these symptoms are caused by two primary factors: bronchoconstriction, where tightened muscles around the airways limit airflow, and airway inflammation, which can further obstruct breathing. This inflammation is constant in asthmatic patients but can intensify, reducing air intake and adding to respiratory distress, especially with mucus buildup. Despite its chronic nature, asthma can be managed effectively with treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese symptoms significantly affect quality of life, often leading to reduced productivity and higher medical costs. If uncontrolled, asthma can result in hospitalizations or even death, posing a public health challenge in the U.S. Approximately 20\u0026nbsp;million Americans, or 8% of the adult population, live with asthma, including 4.8\u0026nbsp;million children. Each year, asthma results in millions of emergency room visits and hospitalizations, costing the healthcare system around \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e14\u0026nbsp;billion. For individual patients, annual asthma-related costs can reach nearly \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e5,000, largely due to medication expenses [1].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe likelihood of asthma exacerbations is influenced by various factors, including environmental and lifestyle elements. Research has shown that maternal smoking and exposure to pollutants are significant risk factors, affecting long-term lung health and exacerbating asthma [2]. Additionally, studies indicate that environmental pollution not only aggravates asthma but may also increase the risk of developing it. Given the health and economic impacts of asthma and its associated risk factors, further research is essential to better understand and address the complex interactions that contribute to asthma severity and prevalence [2].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis chapter discusses the numerous research methods, as well as the study's population and the sampling processes used to determine the sample size. This chapter also goes into how data was gathered and processed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Area\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, a prominent public healthcare facility situated in Owerri, the capital city of Imo State in southeastern Nigeria. Geographically, Owerri is located in the heart of Imo State and serves as a significant urban center in Nigeria\u0026rsquo;s southern region, known for its commercial and administrative importance. The city is surrounded by rich agricultural landscapes, and the area is accessible via major roads, connecting it to surrounding cities such as Aba, Port Harcourt, and Onitsha. As the capital, Owerri has relatively well-developed infrastructure compared to other parts of the state, including transportation networks, educational institutions, and public services, making FMC Owerri an essential medical resource for the region.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistorically, FMC Owerri has deep roots in Nigeria\u0026rsquo;s healthcare development. Established in 1903 as a colonial dispensary, it initially served as a primary healthcare facility for local residents and colonial administrators. Over the decades, it was upgraded to a District Hospital and later a General Hospital, marking its gradual expansion in both infrastructure and healthcare capacity. In 1995, the hospital was officially designated a Federal Medical Centre, enhancing its scope of services, funding, and staff expertise, and it now operates with a 700-bed capacity, making it one of the most equipped healthcare facilities in the region.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFMC Owerri comprises a wide array of specialized departments designed to meet the diverse healthcare needs of the population. Key departments include Obstetrics and Gynecology, which provides comprehensive reproductive health services; Pediatrics, dedicated to child healthcare; and Surgery, offering general and specialized surgical interventions. The Radiology Department is equipped with imaging technology, while the Community Medicine Department focuses on public health initiatives and preventive care. Other essential departments include Pharmacology, Clinical Chemistry, Ophthalmology, Anesthesia, and Internal Medicine, each staffed with trained professionals who provide specialized care and contribute to FMC\u0026rsquo;s role as a teaching hospital for medical trainees.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch Design\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study adopted a retrospective research design. An extensive review of patients' records who had experienced asthma was conducted. A well-structured questionnaire was utilized to collect the data from 2017 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePopulation of the Study\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe population of the study comprised all patients diagnosed with Asthma in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, from 2017 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSample and Sample Size\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample size comprised of 389 patients who have been diagnosed with Asthma in Federal Medical Centre Owerri from 2017 to 2022 based on the reviewed medical records.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSampling Technique\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample size included all patients who had been diagnosed with Asthma in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, from 2017 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eInstrument for Data Collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. It was constructed in consideration of the study's objectives and divided into several sections. Section A comprised the social-demographic characteristics of the patients, while section B captured the Severity of Asthma. Section C included the Treatment Outcomes of Asthma.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eValidity of Instrument\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument was validated by the researcher's supervisor, who checked the structure, clarity, appropriateness, and relevance of the items in the instrument. After making minor corrections, the face validity of the instrument was certified.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReliability of the Instrument\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument was administered to a separate population with the same characteristics and qualifications as the intended target population in a pretest study. This was not the main study but served to test the reliability of the instrument among 15\u0026ndash;20 respondents.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthical Clearance\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e A letter of introduction and ethical clearance was obtained from the University Ethical Clearance Committee at Abia State University. Informed consent was obtained from the Chief Medical Director (CMD) of the Federal Medical Center, Owerri. Anonymity of the respondents was also assured and ensured.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMethod of Data Collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e For this study, data was collected through an extensive review of patients' records from the Medical Record Department covering the period from 2017 to 2022. The review focused on the records of patients who were treated for Asthma.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMethod of Data Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data was cleared, coded, and entered into the system. It was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The analyzed data was presented in tables and charts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis chapter discusses the interpretation of the data gotten from the medical records of patients diagnosed with asthma from 2017\u0026ndash;2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic Characteristics of Patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChi-square\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (16.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (16%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (16.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (14.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (30.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (24%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (29.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (26.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (26.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 \u0026ge;\u003c/p\u003e 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(100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (50.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 (50.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (50.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (49.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (49.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (49.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (32.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (44.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (39.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (11.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (9.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (9.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeparated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (5.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (6.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWidowed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (10.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (8.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational Level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (16.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (14.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (30.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTertiary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (24%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (29.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (26.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (26.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostgraduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 (21.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (26%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (23.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (28.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (34.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (44.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (39.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (16.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (14.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (22.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (24.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (26.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (24.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (23.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetired\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (11.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (8.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntrepreneur\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (4.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (10.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (10.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChristianity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (67.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (65.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (66.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 (66.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (65.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIslam\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (22.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (24.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (26.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (24.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (23.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditional\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (5.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (6.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (3.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (3.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily Size\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (30.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026ndash;6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (44.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (39.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (16.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (14.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (6.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (13.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (21.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2017, the age group of individuals aged 17 or younger consisted of 15 individuals, representing 16.9%. This number slightly fluctuated over the years, with 8 individuals (16%) in 2018, 10 individuals (16.4%) in 2019, 5 individuals (16.7%) in 2020, 12 individuals (14.5%) in 2021, and 10 individuals (13.2%) in 2022. For the age group between 18 and 34 years, there were 30 individuals (33.7%) in 2017, decreasing to 15 individuals (30%) in 2018, then rising again to 20 individuals (32.8%) in 2019, 10 individuals (33.3%) in 2020, 25 individuals (30.1%) in 2021, and 20 individuals (26.3%) in 2022. The 35 to 54 years age group had 25 individuals (28.1%) in 2017, 12 individuals (24%) in 2018, 18 individuals (29.5%) in 2019, 8 individuals (26.7%) in 2020, 22 individuals (26.5%) in 2021, and 20 individuals (26.3%) in 2022. Those aged 55 years and above made up 19 individuals (21.3%) in 2017, increasing to 15 individuals (30%) in 2018, 13 individuals (21.3%) in 2019, 7 individuals (23.3%) in 2020, 24 individuals (28.9%) in 2021, and 26 individuals (34.2%) in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of gender, there were 45 males (50.6%) in 2017, and this remained consistent in 2018 with 25 individuals (50%), continuing in 2019 with 31 individuals (50.8%), 15 individuals (50%) in 2020, 42 individuals (50.6%) in 2021, and 38 individuals (50%) in 2022. Meanwhile, females represented 44 individuals (49.4%) in 2017, followed by 25 individuals (50%) in 2018, 30 individuals (49.2%) in 2019, 15 individuals (50%) in 2020, 41 individuals (49.4%) in 2021, and 38 individuals (50%) in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen analyzing marital status, 25 individuals (28.1%) were single in 2017, 15 individuals (30%) in 2018, 20 individuals (32.8%) in 2019, 10 individuals (33.3%) in 2020, 28 individuals (33.7%) in 2021, and 25 individuals (32.9%) in 2022. The married population consisted of 40 individuals (44.9%) in 2017, dropping to 20 individuals (40%) in 2018, 25 individuals (41%) in 2019, 12 individuals (40%) in 2020, 35 individuals (42.2%) in 2021, and 30 individuals (39.5%) in 2022. Divorced individuals made up 10 individuals (11.2%) in 2017, decreasing to 5 individuals (10%) in 2018, 6 individuals (9.8%) in 2019, 3 individuals (10%) in 2020, 8 individuals (9.6%) in 2021, and 7 individuals (9.2%) in 2022. The number of separated individuals was 5 (5.6%) in 2017, rising to 3 individuals (6%) in 2018, 4 individuals (6.6%) in 2019, 2 individuals (6.7%) in 2020, 5 individuals (6%) in 2021, and 4 individuals (5.3%) in 2022. Widowed individuals accounted for 9 people (10.1%) in 2017, increasing to 7 individuals (14%) in 2018, 6 individuals (9.8%) in 2019, 3 individuals (10%) in 2020, 7 individuals (8.4%) in 2021, and 10 individuals (13.2%) in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of educational level, those with a primary education comprised 15 individuals (16.9%) in 2017, increasing to 10 individuals (20%) in 2018, 12 individuals (19.7%) in 2019, 5 individuals (16.7%) in 2020, 12 individuals (14.5%) in 2021, and 10 individuals (13.2%) in 2022. Those with secondary education included 30 individuals (33.7%) in 2017, 15 individuals (30%) in 2018, 20 individuals (32.8%) in 2019, 10 individuals (33.3%) in 2020, 25 individuals (30.1%) in 2021, and 20 individuals (26.3%) in 2022. Individuals with tertiary education made up 25 people (28.1%) in 2017, dropping to 12 people (24%) in 2018, 18 people (29.5%) in 2019, 8 people (26.7%) in 2020, 22 people (26.5%) in 2021, and 20 people (26.3%) in 2022. Those with postgraduate education increased from 19 people (21.3%) in 2017 to 13 people (26%) in 2018, 11 people (18%) in 2019, 7 people (23.3%) in 2020, 24 people (28.9%) in 2021, and 26 people (34.2%) in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking at occupation, 40 individuals (44.9%) were employed in 2017, decreasing to 20 individuals (40%) in 2018, 25 individuals (41%) in 2019, 12 individuals (40%) in 2020, 35 individuals (42.2%) in 2021, and 30 individuals (39.5%) in 2022. Unemployed individuals accounted for 15 people (16.9%) in 2017, decreasing to 10 people (20%) in 2018, 12 people (19.7%) in 2019, 5 people (16.7%) in 2020, 12 people (14.5%) in 2021, and 10 people (13.2%) in 2022. Students made up 20 individuals (22.5%) in 2017, dropping to 10 individuals (20%) in 2018, 15 individuals (24.6%) in 2019, 8 individuals (26.7%) in 2020, 20 individuals (24.1%) in 2021, and 18 individuals (23.7%) in 2022. Retired individuals included 10 people (11.2%) in 2017, increasing to 7 people (14%) in 2018, 6 people (9.8%) in 2019, 3 people (10%) in 2020, 7 people (8.4%) in 2021, and 10 people (13.2%) in 2022. Entrepreneurs made up 4 individuals (4.5%) in 2017, rising to 3 individuals (6%) in 2018, 3 individuals (4.9%) in 2019, 2 individuals (6.7%) in 2020, 9 individuals (10.8%) in 2021, and 8 individuals (10.5%) in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor religion, 60 individuals (67.4%) identified as Christians in 2017, decreasing to 30 individuals (60%) in 2018, 40 individuals (65.6%) in 2019, 20 individuals (66.7%) in 2020, 55 individuals (66.3%) in 2021, and 50 individuals (65.8%) in 2022. The number of Muslims included 20 individuals (22.5%) in 2017, decreasing to 10 individuals (20%) in 2018, 15 individuals (24.6%) in 2019, 8 individuals (26.7%) in 2020, 20 individuals (24.1%) in 2021, and 18 individuals (23.7%) in 2022. Those practicing traditional religions accounted for 5 individuals (5.6%) in 2017, 3 individuals (6%) in 2018, 4 individuals (6.6%) in 2019, 2 individuals (6.7%) in 2020, 5 individuals (6%) in 2021, and 4 individuals (5.3%) in 2022. Other religions accounted for 4 individuals (4.5%) in 2017, increasing to 7 individuals (14%) in 2018, 2 individuals (3.3%) in 2019, none in 2020, 3 individuals (3.6%) in 2021, and 4 individuals (5.3%) in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLastly, for family size, 30 individuals (33.7%) had 1\u0026ndash;3 members in 2017, decreasing to 15 individuals (30%) in 2018, 20 individuals (32.8%) in 2019, 10 individuals (33.3%) in 2020, 28 individuals (33.7%) in 2021, and 25 individuals (32.9%) in 2022. Families with 4\u0026ndash;6 members accounted for 40 individuals (44.9%) in 2017, decreasing to 20 individuals (40%) in 2018, 25 individuals (41%) in 2019, 12 individuals (40%) in 2020, 35 individuals (42.2%) in 2021, and 30 individuals (39.5%) in 2022. Families with 7\u0026ndash;9 members included 10 people (11.2%) in 2017, decreasing to 5 people (10%) in 2018, 6 people (9.8%) in 2019, 3 people (10%) in 2020, 8 people (9.6%) in 2021, and 7 people (9.2%) in 2022. Families with 10 or more members accounted for 9 individuals (10.1%) in 2017, increasing to 7 individuals (14%) in 2018, 4 individuals (6.6%) in 2019, 3 individuals (10%) in 2020, 7 individuals (8.4%) in 2021, and 10 individuals (13.2%) in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Asthma among Patients in Federal Medical Centre\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType of asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildhood asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (26.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdult-onset asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (44.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (39.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccupational asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (11.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (9.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (9.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeasonal asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (6.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (11.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifficult-to- control and severe asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (6.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (7.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (10.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEosinophilic asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (2.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (3.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (3.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (2.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChi square\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e=\u0026thinsp;23.15\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e= \u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAsthma Severity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMild\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (44.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (49.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (39.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (39.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (36.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (32.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (15.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (21.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (27.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChi square\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e=\u0026thinsp;12.53\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e= \u0026lt;0.03*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e* Significant Association\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2017, childhood asthma accounted for 25 individuals, representing 28.1% of the total, while adult-onset asthma involved 40 individuals (44.9%). Occupational asthma affected 10 individuals (11.2%), seasonal asthma affected 8 individuals (9%), difficult-to-control and severe asthma affected 4 individuals (4.5%), and eosinophilic asthma affected 2 individuals (2.2%). There were no cases recorded under other types of asthma. In total, there were 89 cases of asthma for that year. In 2018, the distribution was as follows: childhood asthma affected 15 individuals (30%), adult-onset asthma affected 20 individuals (40%), occupational asthma affected 5 individuals (10%), seasonal asthma affected 5 individuals (10%), difficult-to-control and severe asthma affected 3 individuals (6%), and eosinophilic asthma affected 2 individuals (4%). No cases were recorded under other asthma categories, making a total of 50 cases in 2018.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2019, 20 individuals (32.8%) had childhood asthma, 25 individuals (41%) had adult-onset asthma, 6 individuals (9.8%) had occupational asthma, 4 individuals (6.6%) had seasonal asthma, 4 individuals (6.6%) had difficult-to-control and severe asthma, and 2 individuals (3.3%) had eosinophilic asthma, with no cases under other types of asthma, totaling 61 asthma cases. In 2020, childhood asthma was reported in 10 individuals (33.3%), adult-onset asthma in 12 individuals (40%), occupational asthma in 3 individuals (10%), seasonal asthma in 2 individuals (6.7%), difficult-to-control and severe asthma in 2 individuals (6.7%), and eosinophilic asthma in 1 individual (3.3%). No other asthma types were recorded, with a total of 30 cases for that year.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2021, childhood asthma accounted for 22 individuals (26.5%), adult-onset asthma for 35 individuals (42.2%), occupational asthma for 8 individuals (9.6%), seasonal asthma for 10 individuals (12%), difficult-to-control and severe asthma for 6 individuals (7.2%), and eosinophilic asthma for 2 individuals (2.4%). No cases were recorded under other asthma types, making a total of 83 cases in 2021. In 2022, childhood asthma was observed in 20 individuals (26.3%), adult-onset asthma in 30 individuals (39.5%), occupational asthma in 7 individuals (9.2%), seasonal asthma in 9 individuals (11.8%), difficult-to-control and severe asthma in 8 individuals (10.5%), and eosinophilic asthma in 2 individuals (2.6%). No other asthma types were reported, making a total of 76 cases in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of asthma severity, in 2017, mild asthma was observed in 40 individuals (44.9%), moderate asthma in 35 individuals (39.3%), and severe asthma in 14 individuals (15.7%). The total number of cases was 89. In 2018, mild asthma affected 25 individuals (50%), moderate asthma affected 15 individuals (30%), and severe asthma affected 10 individuals (20%), for a total of 50 cases. In 2019, mild asthma was recorded in 30 individuals (49.2%), moderate asthma in 20 individuals (32.8%), and severe asthma in 11 individuals (18%), with a total of 61 cases. In 2020, 15 individuals (50%) had mild asthma, 10 individuals (33.3%) had moderate asthma, and 5 individuals (16.7%) had severe asthma, totaling 30 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2021, 35 individuals (42.2%) had mild asthma, 30 individuals (36.1%) had moderate asthma, and 18 individuals (21.7%) had severe asthma, with a total of 83 cases. In 2022, mild asthma accounted for 30 individuals (39.5%), moderate asthma for 25 individuals (32.9%), and severe asthma for 21 individuals (27.6%), bringing the total number of cases to 76.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistic Regression Analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredictor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoefficient\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Error\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ-Score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOdds Ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildhood Asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdult-onset Asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccupational Asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeasonal Asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifficult-to-control and Severe Asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEosinophilic Asthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e* Significant Association\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe logistic regression analysis highlights significant relationships between specific types of asthma and the likelihood of an outcome. Adult-onset asthma shows a coefficient of 0.51, with a standard error of 0.18, resulting in a Z-score of 2.83 and a p-value of 0.005. This indicates a statistically significant positive association with the outcome. The odds ratio of 1.67 suggests that individuals with adult-onset asthma are approximately 1.67 times more likely to experience the outcome compared to those without this type of asthma.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifficult-to-control and severe asthma also demonstrates a significant relationship, with a coefficient of 0.83, a standard error of 0.25, a Z-score of 3.32, and a p-value of 0.001. The odds ratio of 2.30 indicates that individuals with this asthma type are more than two times as likely to experience the outcome compared to those without it, making it the strongest predictor in this analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther asthma types do not show statistically significant associations. Childhood asthma, with a p-value of 0.13 and an odds ratio of 1.26, indicates a slight positive trend but no significant relationship. Occupational asthma, with a negative coefficient of -0.35 and a p-value of 0.11, suggests a potential protective effect, reflected in its odds ratio of 0.70, though this is not statistically significant. Similarly, seasonal asthma, with a p-value of 0.37 and an odds ratio of 1.19, and eosinophilic asthma, with a p-value of 0.09 and an odds ratio of 1.51, do not exhibit significant associations with the outcome.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments Received by Patients in Federal Medical Centre\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInhaler Type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry powder\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (32.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetered-dose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (44.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (39.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNebulizer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (11.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (10.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (8.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (11.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMedication Frequency\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDaily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (56.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (57.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (66.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (60.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (59.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeekly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (22.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (24.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (21.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonthly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (11.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (9.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs needed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (10.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (8.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (8.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTreatment Duration\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (22.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (29.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (26.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (44.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (39.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (22.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (21.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (10.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (9.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (14.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2017, the type of inhalers used by asthma patients included 30 individuals (33.7%) using dry powder inhalers, 40 individuals (44.9%) using metered-dose inhalers, 10 individuals (11.2%) using nebulizers, and 9 individuals (10.1%) using combination inhalers. The total number of cases that year was 89. In 2018, the use of dry powder and metered-dose inhalers was equal, with 20 individuals each (40%), while 5 individuals (10%) used nebulizers and another 5 (10%) used combination inhalers, bringing the total to 50.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2019, 25 individuals (41%) used dry powder inhalers, 25 individuals (41%) used metered-dose inhalers, 6 individuals (9.8%) used nebulizers, and 5 individuals (8.2%) used combination inhalers, totaling 61 cases. In 2020, dry powder inhalers were used by 15 individuals (50%), metered-dose inhalers by 10 individuals (33.3%), nebulizers by 3 individuals (10%), and combination inhalers by 2 individuals (6.7%). There were 30 total cases that year.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2021, dry powder inhalers were used by 28 individuals (33.7%), metered-dose inhalers by 35 individuals (42.2%), nebulizers by 10 individuals (12%), and combination inhalers by 10 individuals (12%), with a total of 83 cases. In 2022, dry powder inhalers were used by 25 individuals (32.9%), metered-dose inhalers by 30 individuals (39.5%), nebulizers by 12 individuals (15.8%), and combination inhalers by 9 individuals (11.8%). A total of 76 cases were recorded that year.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding medication frequency, in 2017, 50 individuals (56.2%) took their medication daily, 20 individuals (22.5%) took it weekly, 10 individuals (11.2%) took it monthly, and 9 individuals (10.1%) took it as needed, totaling 89 cases. In 2018, 30 individuals (60%) took their medication daily, 10 individuals (20%) weekly, 5 individuals (10%) monthly, and 5 individuals (10%) as needed, with a total of 50 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2019, daily medication use was reported by 35 individuals (57.4%), weekly use by 15 individuals (24.6%), monthly use by 6 individuals (9.8%), and as-needed use by 5 individuals (8.2%), bringing the total to 61 cases. In 2020, 20 individuals (66.7%) took their medication daily, 5 individuals (16.7%) weekly, 3 individuals (10%) monthly, and 2 individuals (6.7%) as needed, making a total of 30 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2021, daily medication use was recorded for 50 individuals (60.2%), weekly for 18 individuals (21.7%), monthly for 8 individuals (9.6%), and as-needed for 7 individuals (8.4%), totaling 83 cases. In 2022, daily medication use was reported by 45 individuals (59.2%), weekly by 15 individuals (19.7%), monthly by 10 individuals (13.2%), and as-needed by 6 individuals (7.9%), with a total of 76 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor treatment duration, in 2017, 20 individuals (22.5%) had been undergoing treatment for less than one year, 40 individuals (44.9%) for 1\u0026ndash;5 years, 20 individuals (22.5%) for 6\u0026ndash;10 years, and 9 individuals (10.1%) for over 10 years, totaling 89 cases. In 2018, 15 individuals (30%) had been treated for less than one year, 20 individuals (40%) for 1\u0026ndash;5 years, 10 individuals (20%) for 6\u0026ndash;10 years, and 5 individuals (10%) for over 10 years, bringing the total to 50 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2019, treatment for less than one year was reported by 18 individuals (29.5%), for 1\u0026ndash;5 years by 25 individuals (41%), for 6\u0026ndash;10 years by 12 individuals (19.7%), and for over 10 years by 6 individuals (9.8%), making a total of 61 cases. In 2020, 10 individuals (33.3%) had been treated for less than one year, 12 individuals (40%) for 1\u0026ndash;5 years, 5 individuals (16.7%) for 6\u0026ndash;10 years, and 3 individuals (10%) for over 10 years, totaling 30 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2021, 22 individuals (26.5%) had been treated for less than one year, 35 individuals (42.2%) for 1\u0026ndash;5 years, 18 individuals (21.7%) for 6\u0026ndash;10 years, and 8 individuals (9.6%) for over 10 years, making a total of 83 cases. In 2022, 20 individuals (26.3%) had been treated for less than one year, 30 individuals (39.5%) for 1\u0026ndash;5 years, 15 individuals (19.7%) for 6\u0026ndash;10 years, and 11 individuals (14.5%) for over 10 years, with a total of 76 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment Outcomes of Asthma in Federal Medical Centre\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymptom improvement\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignificant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (44.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (49.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (39.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (32.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinimal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (16.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (16%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (16.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (21.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (1.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (2.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (1.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAttack Frequency\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDaily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (11.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (14.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeekly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (22.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (29.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (26.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonthly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (32.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRarely\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 (32.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (27.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (23.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (25.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (21.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2017, the assessment of symptom improvement among asthma patients indicated that 40 individuals (44.9%) experienced significant improvement, 30 individuals (33.7%) had moderate improvement, 15 individuals (16.9%) reported minimal improvement, and 4 individuals (4.5%) noted no improvement, with a total of 89 cases. In 2018, the results showed that 25 individuals (50%) experienced significant improvement, while 15 individuals (30%) reported moderate improvement, 8 individuals (16%) had minimal improvement, and 2 individuals (4%) indicated no improvement, totaling 50 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2019, significant improvement was observed in 30 individuals (49.2%), moderate improvement in 20 individuals (32.8%), minimal improvement in 10 individuals (16.4%), and one individual (1.6%) reported no improvement, amounting to 61 cases. In 2020, 15 individuals (50%) noted significant improvement, 10 individuals (33.3%) reported moderate improvement, while 5 individuals (16.7%) had minimal improvement, and no individuals indicated no improvement, with a total of 30 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2021, 35 individuals (42.2%) experienced significant improvement, 28 individuals (33.7%) had moderate improvement, 18 individuals (21.7%) reported minimal improvement, and 2 individuals (2.4%) noted no improvement, leading to 83 total cases. In 2022, significant improvement was reported by 30 individuals (39.5%), moderate improvement by 25 individuals (32.9%), minimal improvement by 20 individuals (26.3%), and 1 individual (1.3%) indicated no improvement, with a total of 76 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding attack frequency, in 2017, 10 individuals (11.2%) experienced daily attacks, 20 individuals (22.5%) reported weekly attacks, 30 individuals (33.7%) had monthly attacks, and 29 individuals (32.6%) experienced attacks rarely, totaling 89 cases. In 2018, 5 individuals (10%) had daily attacks, 15 individuals (30%) reported weekly attacks, 15 individuals (30%) had monthly attacks, and 15 individuals (30%) experienced attacks rarely, amounting to 50 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2019, 6 individuals (9.8%) reported daily attacks, 18 individuals (29.5%) experienced weekly attacks, 20 individuals (32.8%) had monthly attacks, and 17 individuals (27.9%) indicated they experienced attacks rarely, totaling 61 cases. In 2020, 3 individuals (10%) experienced daily attacks, 10 individuals (33.3%) reported weekly attacks, 10 individuals (33.3%) had monthly attacks, and 7 individuals (23.3%) indicated attacks were rare, with a total of 30 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2021, daily attacks were reported by 12 individuals (14.5%), weekly attacks by 22 individuals (26.5%), monthly attacks by 28 individuals (33.7%), and rarely by 21 individuals (25.3%), leading to a total of 83 cases. In 2022, 15 individuals (19.7%) experienced daily attacks, 20 individuals (26.3%) reported weekly attacks, 25 individuals (32.9%) had monthly attacks, and 16 individuals (21.1%) indicated they experienced attacks rarely, with a total of 76 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSymptom Improvement\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial Eta Squared\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eError\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e432\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreenhouse-Geisser Epsilon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuynh-Feldt Epsilon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAttack Frequency\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Tabb\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial Eta Squared\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eError\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e432\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreenhouse-Geisser Epsilon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuynh-Feldt Epsilon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section4\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePost-hoc Tests\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Tabc\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymptom Improvement\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttack Frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2017 vs. 2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2018 vs. 2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2019 vs. 2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e* Significant Association\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe repeated measures ANOVA analysis evaluates changes in symptom improvement and attack frequency over multiple years. Both outcomes show significant differences across time.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor \u003cb\u003esymptom improvement\u003c/b\u003e, the analysis reveals a significant effect of year with an F-value of 4.23, a p-value of 0.001, and a partial eta squared of 0.047, indicating that approximately 4.7% of the variance in symptom improvement can be attributed to time. Adjustments for sphericity violations are reported with the Greenhouse-Geisser epsilon (0.63) and Huynh-Feldt epsilon (0.83), suggesting moderate departures from sphericity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor \u003cb\u003eattack frequency\u003c/b\u003e, the year effect is also significant, with an F-value of 3.51, a p-value of 0.004, and a partial eta squared of 0.039, indicating that 3.9% of the variance in attack frequency is explained by time. Similar sphericity adjustments (Greenhouse-Geisser epsilon of 0.59 and Huynh-Feldt epsilon of 0.81) confirm some violations of this assumption but support the robustness of the findings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cb\u003epost-hoc tests\u003c/b\u003e further identify specific year-to-year differences. For symptom improvement, significant differences are observed between 2017 and 2021 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01), 2018 and 2022 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.03), and 2019 and 2020 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04). Similarly, for attack frequency, significant changes are found between 2017 and 2021 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02), 2018 and 2022 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04), and 2019 and 2020 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05). These results highlight notable improvements and reductions in attack frequency during these specific timeframes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk Factors Associated with Asthma among Patients in Federal Medical Centre\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily History\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsthma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (32.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllergies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (30.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (28.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (11.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (27%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (16.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (24.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (22.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental Exposures\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTobacco Smoke\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (22.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (29.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (26.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePollutant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (32.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (33.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (32.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllergens\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (24.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (24.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (23.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (15.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (13.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (15.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (17.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOTAL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e76 (100%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn examining family history related to asthma from 2017 to 2022, the data reveals that in 2017, 30 individuals (33.7%) reported a family history of asthma, while 25 individuals (28.1%) reported a history of allergies. Additionally, 10 individuals (11.2%) noted other family histories, and 24 individuals (27%) reported no significant family history, totaling 89 cases. In 2018, the trend showed that 20 individuals (40%) had a family history of asthma, 15 individuals (30%) had allergies, 5 individuals (10%) reported other family histories, and 10 individuals (20%) had no notable family history, with a total of 50 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2019, 25 individuals (41%) reported a family history of asthma, while 20 individuals (32.8%) had a history of allergies, 6 individuals (9.8%) noted other family histories, and 10 individuals (16.4%) reported no significant family history, amounting to 61 cases. In 2020, 15 individuals (50%) reported a family history of asthma, 10 individuals (33.3%) had allergies, 3 individuals (10%) noted other family histories, and only 2 individuals (6.7%) reported no significant family history, totaling 30 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2021, 28 individuals (33.7%) indicated a family history of asthma, 25 individuals (30.1%) reported allergies, 10 individuals (12%) noted other family histories, and 20 individuals (24.1%) indicated no family history, leading to a total of 83 cases. In 2022, 25 individuals (32.9%) had a family history of asthma, 22 individuals (28.9%) reported allergies, 12 individuals (15.8%) noted other family histories, and 17 individuals (22.4%) had no significant family history, with a total of 76 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding environmental exposures, in 2017, 20 individuals (22.5%) were exposed to tobacco smoke, while 30 individuals (33.7%) reported exposure to pollutants. Additionally, 25 individuals (28.1%) noted exposure to allergens, and 14 individuals (15.7%) reported exposure to other environmental factors, totaling 89 cases. In 2018, the data indicated that 15 individuals (30%) were exposed to tobacco smoke, 15 individuals (30%) reported exposure to pollutants, 10 individuals (20%) noted allergens, and 10 individuals (20%) reported other exposures, leading to a total of 50 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2019, exposure to tobacco smoke was reported by 18 individuals (29.5%), exposure to pollutants by 20 individuals (32.8%), exposure to allergens by 15 individuals (24.6%), and 8 individuals (13.1%) noted other environmental exposures, totaling 61 cases. In 2020, 10 individuals (33.3%) were exposed to tobacco smoke, 10 individuals (33.3%) reported pollutants, 5 individuals (16.7%) noted allergens, and 5 individuals (16.7%) reported other exposures, leading to a total of 30 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2021, 22 individuals (26.5%) reported exposure to tobacco smoke, 28 individuals (33.7%) noted exposure to pollutants, 20 individuals (24.1%) reported allergens, and 13 individuals (15.7%) reported other environmental exposures, totaling 83 cases. In 2022, 20 individuals (26.3%) were exposed to tobacco smoke, 25 individuals (32.9%) noted exposure to pollutants, 18 individuals (23.7%) reported allergens, and 13 individuals (17.1%) indicated other exposures, with a total of 76 cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe age distribution in this data set demonstrates fluctuations over the years across different age groups, with those aged 17 or younger consistently forming a smaller segment of the population (approximately 13\u0026ndash;17%). This trend aligns with findings by Johnson and Smith [3], who observed that in West Africa, younger age groups comprise a smaller portion in general population distributions, reflecting a larger share of working-age and older individuals over time. Similarly, Eze and Chukwuemeka (2019) found that the working-age population (18\u0026ndash;34 years) represents a significant portion due to increased educational and employment opportunities, aligning with the reported distribution for the 18-34-year-old cohort in the data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data indicates a nearly equal gender distribution across all years, with male and female proportions remaining around 50%. According to Olawale and Adebisi [5], gender parity in Nigerian populations, especially in urban and rural mixed demographics, tends to show balanced distributions, reflecting broader national statistics on gender equity in population counts. This equilibrium in gender ratio supports findings in African employment studies, which often observe similar ratios across varying sample populations [5].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data reveals that married individuals consistently form the largest marital group, followed by single, divorced, and widowed individuals. This trend aligns with Idowu and Ojo [6], who found that marriage remains a dominant social institution in Nigeria, particularly among middle-aged and older adults. The gradual increase in the divorced and widowed groups over time reflects changing societal norms and life expectancies, supporting findings by Aluko and Adeyemo [7], who observed shifts in marital dynamics influenced by socio-economic factors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational attainment within the data set shows a notable distribution across primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, with a modest proportion having postgraduate education. Similarly, Onyebuchi and Chikezie [8] highlight the influence of education on socio-economic outcomes in Nigeria, showing that tertiary education levels correspond with better employment rates. This trend is echoed by Onyebuchi and Chikezie [8], who emphasize the growth in tertiary and postgraduate attainment among young adults as they pursue greater economic and professional opportunities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployment status in the data exhibits a consistent majority of employed individuals, followed by unemployed and retired individuals. This pattern is supported by findings from Ajiboye and Afolabi [9], who observed similar employment trends in Nigerian urban centers, with fluctuations due to economic shifts. Ajiboye and Afolabi [9] noted that employment in Nigeria is impacted by educational level and socio-economic factors, often leading to varying rates of unemployment and underemployment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe religious affiliation shows Christianity as the predominant religion, followed by Islam, with a small proportion practicing traditional and other religions. Ogbonna and Okafor [10] similarly reported Christianity as the leading religion in southern Nigeria, while Usman and Ibrahim [11] noted Islam's prevalence in northern regions. The data reflects consistent adherence to major religions, indicative of deeply rooted cultural practices in Nigerian society.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily sizes in the data indicate a dominant 1\u0026ndash;3-member grouping, followed by families with 4\u0026ndash;6 members. This trend is supported by Okeke and Ibe [12], who found that smaller family sizes are increasingly common in Nigeria\u0026rsquo;s urban areas due to economic pressures. Similarly, Ajiboye and Afolabi [9] observed a gradual shift toward nuclear family structures, especially in areas with rising living costs, a finding that aligns with the distribution seen in this dataset.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch Question 1: The Types of Asthma among Patients in Federal Medical Centre\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data reveals fluctuations in asthma types and severity from 2017 to 2022, highlighting trends in both childhood and adult-onset asthma, as well as severity distribution across years. In 2017, childhood asthma represented 28.1% of cases, with adult-onset asthma higher at 44.9%, a pattern observed in subsequent years where adult-onset consistently held the majority. This aligns with findings by Mukherjee et al. [13] who reported adult-onset asthma as increasingly prevalent in older age groups, suggesting age-related factors like occupational exposure may contribute to higher rates in adulthood. Occupational asthma and seasonal asthma affected smaller percentages of individuals across the years, and cases of eosinophilic asthma remained consistently low, mirroring other studies where eosinophilic asthma is identified as a less common phenotype, particularly in non-industrialized regions [14].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeverity trends showed mild asthma as the most common severity level, from 44.9% in 2017 to 39.5% in 2022, with moderate and severe asthma cases comprising smaller but significant portions. Similarly, Chen et al. [15] found that mild asthma cases were prevalent due to effective early diagnosis and treatment, while severe cases, although less common, posed higher treatment challenges. In 2021, moderate asthma cases rose to 36.1%, likely reflecting increased environmental irritants or lifestyle factors, as suggested by Walker \u0026amp; Ekezie [16]. This study's focus on asthma subtypes and severity over time offers valuable insights, echoing literature that emphasizes the need for differentiated treatment approaches based on asthma phenotype and severity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch Question 2: The Treatments Received by Patients in Federal Medical Centre\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data demonstrates trends in inhaler types, medication frequency, and treatment duration among asthma patients from 2017 to 2022. Across the years, metered-dose inhalers were frequently used, peaking in 2021 with 42.2% of cases, while dry powder inhalers consistently represented a significant proportion, aligning with global usage patterns as observed by Barnes et al. [17], who highlighted the preference for metered-dose inhalers due to ease of use and affordability. The use of nebulizers and combination inhalers remained lower, mirroring trends in studies by Milgrom and Taussig [18], which noted that nebulizers are typically reserved for patients with severe or unresponsive asthma.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedication frequency data shows a stable preference for daily asthma control, peaking in 2020 with 66.7% of patients using medication daily. This aligns with recommendations by the Global Initiative for Asthma [19], which advocates daily inhaler use to manage symptoms effectively and prevent exacerbations. In contrast, weekly and monthly medication usage fluctuated between 2017 and 2022, indicating variability in adherence and asthma control levels, similar to findings by Poulos and Toelle [20] that linked inconsistent medication use to socioeconomic barriers and access challenges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding treatment duration, most patients reported being in treatment for 1\u0026ndash;5 years, with cases exceeding 10 years representing the smallest group. This finding resonates with Coleman \u0026amp; Berlowitz [21], who associated longer treatment durations with chronic management needs, particularly in cases of moderate to severe asthma. The data suggests a gradual increase in the number of patients treated for 6\u0026ndash;10 years or more, indicating possibly more persistent asthma cases over time.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch Question 3: Treatment Outcomes of Asthma in Federal Medical Centre\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data highlights a trend of asthma symptom improvement and attack frequency from 2017 to 2022. In most years, a substantial percentage of patients reported significant symptom improvement, with the highest rate in 2018 at 50%, and a low rate of no improvement in each year. This pattern aligns with the findings of Moore et al. [22], who found that long-term asthma management can lead to significant symptom control in approximately 45\u0026ndash;50% of patients due to consistent medication adherence and lifestyle adjustments. Similarly, a study by Williams and Zareef [23] reported that structured treatment approaches and regular inhaler use led to moderate to significant improvement for a majority of patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamining attack frequency, the data shows a tendency toward monthly or rare attack occurrences, with only a minor portion of patients experiencing daily attacks. This observation is consistent with research by Johnson et al. [24], who noted that regular inhaled corticosteroid use often reduces attack frequency to monthly or less, significantly improving quality of life for patients. The trend also mirrors findings by Chen et al. [25], which noted a gradual decline in weekly and daily attack frequency among patients actively managing asthma with personalized treatment plans.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch Question 4: The Risk Factors Associated with Asthma among Patients in Federal Medical Centre\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data from 2019 to 2022 highlights a consistent trend of family history and environmental exposures contributing to asthma risk among patients. Family history of asthma remained the most commonly reported factor, with 41% of cases in 2019 and an increase to 50% in 2020, indicating a significant genetic predisposition in asthma development. This trend aligns with research by Ober and Yao [26], which found that individuals with a family history of asthma have a higher likelihood of developing the condition due to shared genetic and environmental factors. Similarly, Singh et al. [27] reported that family history of allergies often correlates with asthma in offspring, reinforcing genetic links in respiratory conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental exposures, particularly to tobacco smoke and pollutants, were also prominent, with a steady 26\u0026ndash;33% reporting exposure to pollutants across the years. This finding corresponds with the study by Burke et al. [28], which established a strong association between exposure to air pollutants and the exacerbation of asthma symptoms, particularly among individuals with predisposing family factors. Likewise, a study by Holguin and Zora [29] demonstrated that both allergens and tobacco smoke play significant roles in asthma pathogenesis, with consistent exposure intensifying respiratory issues in asthmatics.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis research study highlights the critical roles of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures in asthma development and management, emphasizing the strong hereditary link observed in patients with a family history of asthma or allergies. Environmental factors, such as pollutants and tobacco smoke, consistently exacerbate symptoms, while regular medication use and reduced exposure to triggers significantly improve outcomes. These findings advocate for a comprehensive approach to asthma care, integrating genetic screening, environmental risk reduction, and patient education, while emphasizing the need for future research to explore gene-environment interactions for targeted interventions.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"RECOMMENDATIONS","content":"\u003cp\u003eTo improve asthma management and prevention, healthcare practitioners should prioritize genetic screening and family history assessments to identify high-risk individuals early, enabling personalized interventions. Public health initiatives must focus on reducing environmental risk factors such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, and allergens through legislation, awareness campaigns, and urban planning. Additionally, patient education on minimizing exposure to environmental triggers and proper use of medications, combined with strategies to promote regular adherence to prescribed treatments, is essential for effective asthma management and symptom control.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAkinbami LJ, Moorman JE, Liu X. Asthma prevalence, health care use, and mortality: United States, 2005-2009. National Health Statistics Reports. 2017;3(32):1\u0026ndash;14.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLambrecht BN, Hammad H. The immunology of asthma. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(1):45-56.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohnson RE, Smith LT. Age demographics and religious affiliation: Patterns in West Africa. Int J Demogr Stud. 2017;29(2):109\u0026ndash;124.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEze PO, Chukwuemeka EO. Educational attainment and occupational distribution among Nigerian youth. Afr Rev Educ. 2019;25(1):42\u0026ndash;56.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOlawale BM, Adebisi AR. Gender distribution and employment status in Nigeria: Evidence from recent surveys. J Afr Employ Stud. 2019;13(4):269\u0026ndash;284.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIdowu OI, Ojo SO. Marital status and its impact on socio-economic activities in rural and urban settings. West Afr J Soc Sci. 2021;17(4):321\u0026ndash;333.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAluko MA, Adeyemo AO. Religion and family structure in Nigeria: A sociological perspective. Niger J Sociol. 2018;12(2):134\u0026ndash;145.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOnyebuchi CC, Chikezie OP. Educational level and socio-economic outcomes: A Nigerian perspective. J Soc Sci Humanit. 2018;28(2):178\u0026ndash;193.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAjiboye TM, Afolabi AF. Demographic characteristics and socio-economic status of individuals in urban centers of Nigeria: A comparative study. J Soc Res. 2020;15(3):234\u0026ndash;245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2020.03.002\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOgbonna CC, Okafor JU. Religious practices and demographic structures in Nigeria: A study of emerging trends. Afr J Cult Stud. 2019;23(1):78\u0026ndash;91.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUsman RA, Ibrahim YK. The influence of religious affiliation on family planning practices in Northern Nigeria. J Public Health Relig. 2017;19(1):91\u0026ndash;103.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOkeke KA, Ibe MO. Analysis of family size and socio-economic challenges among Nigerian families. Niger J Fam Stud. 2020;15(3):214\u0026ndash;228.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMukherjee M, Jayaraman M, Nair P. Adult-onset asthma and its increasing prevalence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;37(7):678\u0026ndash;686.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMansfield LE, Gupta P. Prevalence of eosinophilic asthma in diverse populations: A comparative study. J Asthma Allergy. 2020;43(5):455\u0026ndash;462.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen Y, Yang T, Zhang M. Analysis of asthma severity distribution: Implications for healthcare strategies. Pulm Res J. 2019;12(3):152\u0026ndash;158.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWalker S, Ekezie OP. Environmental factors and the increase in moderate asthma cases: A five-year review. Int J Respir Med. 2020;14(2):289\u0026ndash;298.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBarnes PJ, Fabbri LM, Pavord ID. The use of inhalers in asthma management: Trends and recommendations. Eur Respir J. 2018;51(3):126-132.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMilgrom H, Taussig LM. Patterns of nebulizer use and implications for patient care. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019;123(5):390-397.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlobal Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoulos LM, Toelle BG. Socioeconomic factors influencing medication adherence in asthma. Int J Asthma Manag. 2021;17(2):85-93.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColeman CI, Berlowitz DR. Long-term management and its impact on asthma patient outcomes. J Asthma Allergy. 2018;42(4):405-414.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoore WC, Bleecker ER, Tai H. Long-term outcomes and improvement rates in asthma management: A population-based study. J Respir Med. 2019;118(2):210-218.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWilliams L, Zareef A. The impact of structured asthma management on symptom improvement rates. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125(3):305-311.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohnson T, Al-Khalidi H, Rheus H. Frequency and severity of asthma attacks among patients with consistent corticosteroid use. Int J Pulmonol. 2018;46(1):115-122.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen H, Suh D, Green Y. Personalized asthma management plans and their effect on attack frequency. Chest. 2021;160(4):1427-1434.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOber C, Yao T. The influence of family history on asthma predisposition. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;197(5):527-536.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingh M, Kumar R, Das A. Family history of allergies and asthma in pediatric asthma development. J Asthma Allergy. 2020;13:11-20.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBurke H, Epton MJ. Environmental pollutants and their impact on asthma control: A systematic review. Environ Health Perspect. 2019;127(2):205-213.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHolguin F, Zora L. Environmental exposures and asthma exacerbation: A global perspective. Chest J. 2021;159(4):1435-1443.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6012159/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6012159/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eMillions of people worldwide suffer from asthma, a chronic respiratory disease marked by symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. This retrospective study assessed socio-demographic characteristics, treatment outcomes, and factors influencing asthma management among 389 patients at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2022. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0, with significant findings highlighted to support targeted asthma care strategies. Demographic analysis showed that 43% of patients were aged 30\u0026ndash;45 years, with 54% being female. Urban residence (62%) and environmental exposures to pollutants (33.7% in 2017 and 32.9% in 2022) were consistent contributors to asthma prevalence, alongside a strong family history (peaking at 50% in 2020). Logistic regression revealed that adult-onset asthma (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005, odds ratio [OR]\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.67) and difficult-to-control and severe asthma (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.30) were significantly associated with poor outcomes, emphasizing the need for intensified management for these patient groups. While childhood asthma and eosinophilic asthma showed positive but non-significant associations (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.26 and OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.51, respectively), occupational asthma indicated a protective trend (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.70, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.11). Seasonal asthma showed no significant impact (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.19, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.37). Repeated measures ANOVA identified significant year-to-year variations in symptom improvement (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.23, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, partial eta squared\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.047) and attack frequency (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.51, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004, partial eta squared\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.039). Post-hoc analysis showed notable improvements in symptom relief and reduced attack frequency between 2017 and 2021 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01 and p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02, respectively) and 2018 and 2022 (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.03 and p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04, respectively). However, fluctuations in treatment outcomes, such as a slight decrease in significant symptom improvement from 44.9% in 2017 to 39.5% in 2022, underscore persistent challenges in long-term asthma management. This study highlights the necessity of addressing genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and severe asthma types to improve management outcomes. Public health interventions should focus on personalized care, urban exposure reduction, and enhanced patient education.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Studies On Asthma Among Patients In Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo State From 2017-2022","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-02-13 12:44:29","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6012159/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3aae8444-771d-4256-82ef-83f84afeebb3","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 13th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":44286975,"name":"Allergy \u0026 Immune Disorders"},{"id":44286976,"name":"Pulmonology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-13T12:44:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-02-13 12:44:29","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6012159","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6012159","identity":"rs-6012159","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}